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Wikipedia

Dilithium

March 09, 2023

This article is about the real substance. For the fictional substance, see Dilithium (Star Trek).

Dilithium, Li2, is a strongly electrophilic, diatomic molecule comprising two lithium atoms covalently bonded together. Li2 is known in the gas phase. It has a bond order of 1, an internuclear separation of 267.3 pm and a bond energy of 102 kJ/mol or 1.06 eV in each bond.[1] The electron configuration of Li2 may be written as σ2.

Dilithium
Names
IUPAC name
Dilithium(Li—Li)
Identifiers
  • 14452-59-6 N
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 123254 Y
  • 139759
  • DTXSID90162747
  • InChI=1S/2Li Y
    Key: SMBQBQBNOXIFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
  • [Li][Li]
Properties
Li2
Molar mass 13.88 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)

It has been observed that 1% (by mass) of lithium in the vapor phase is in the form of dilithium.[citation needed][clarification needed]

Being the lightest stable neutral homonuclear diatomic molecule after H2, and the helium dimer, dilithium is an extremely important model system for studying fundamentals of physics, chemistry, and electronic structure theory. It is the most thoroughly characterized compound in terms of the accuracy and completeness of the empirical potential energy curves of its electronic states. Analytic empirical potential energy curves have been constructed for the X-state,[2] a-state,[3] A-state,[4] c-state,[5] B-state,[6] 2d-state,[7] l-state,[7] E-state,[8] and the F-state[9] . The most reliable of these potential energy curves are of the Morse/Long-range variety (see entries in the table below).[2][3][6][4][5]

Li2 potentials are often used to extract atomic properties. For example, the C3 value for atomic lithium extracted from the A-state potential of Li2 by Le Roy et al. in [2] is more precise than any previously measured atomic oscillator strength.[10] This lithium oscillator strength is related to the radiative lifetime of atomic lithium and is used as a benchmark for atomic clocks and measurements of fundamental constants.

Electronic state Spectroscopic symbol Term symbol Bond length (pm) Dissociation energy (cm−1) Bound vibrational levels References
1 (Ground) X 11Σg+ 267
 .298 74(19)[2] 8 516
 .780 0(23)[2] 39[2] [2]
2 a 13Σu+ 417
 .000 6(32)[3] 333
 .779 5(62)[3] 11[3] [3]
3 b 13Πu [7]
4 A 11Σg+ 310
 .792 88(36)[2] 9 353
 .179 5 (28)[2] 118[2] [2]
5 c 13Σg+ 306
 .543 6(16)[3] 7 093
 .492 6(86)[3] 104[3]
6 B 11Πu 293
 .617 142(310)[6] 2 984
 .444[6] 118[6]
7 E 3(?)1Σg+ [8]

See also

References

  1. ^ Chemical Bonding, Mark J. Winter, Oxford University Press, 1994, ISBN 0-19-855694-2
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Le Roy, Robert J.; N. S. Dattani; J. A. Coxon; A. J. Ross; Patrick Crozet; C. Linton (25 November 2009). "Accurate analytic potentials for Li2(X) and Li2(A) from 2 to 90 Angstroms, and the radiative lifetime of Li(2p)". Journal of Chemical Physics. 131 (20): 204309. Bibcode:2009JChPh.131t4309L. doi:10.1063/1.3264688. PMID 19947682.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Dattani, N. S.; R. J. Le Roy (8 May 2013). "A DPF data analysis yields accurate analytic potentials for Li2(a)and Li2(c) that incorporate 3-state mixing near the c-state asymptote". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 268 (1–2): 199–210. arXiv:1101.1361. Bibcode:2011JMoSp.268..199.. doi:10.1016/j.jms.2011.03.030. S2CID 119266866.
  4. ^ a b W. Gunton, M. Semczuk, N. S. Dattani, K. W. Madison, High resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of the 6Li2 A-state, https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.5870
  5. ^ a b Semczuk, M.; Li, X.; Gunton, W.; Haw, M.; Dattani, N. S.; Witz, J.; Mills, A. K.; Jones, D. J.; Madison, K. W. (2013). "High-resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of the 6Li2 c-state". Phys. Rev. A. 87 (5): 052505. arXiv:1309.6662. Bibcode:2013PhRvA..87e2505S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.87.052505. S2CID 119263860.
  6. ^ a b c d e Huang, Yiye; R. J. Le Roy (8 October 2003). "Potential energy Lambda double and Born-Oppenheimer breakdown functions for the B1Piu "barrier" state of Li2". Journal of Chemical Physics. 119 (14): 7398–7416. Bibcode:2003JChPh.119.7398H. doi:10.1063/1.1607313.
  7. ^ a b c Li, Dan; F. Xie; L. Li; A. Lazoudis; A. M. Lyyra (29 September 2007). "New observation of the, 13Δg, and 23Πg states and molecular constants with all 6Li2, 7Li2, and 6Li7Li data". Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy. 246 (2): 180–186. Bibcode:2007JMoSp.246..180L. doi:10.1016/j.jms.2007.09.008.
  8. ^ a b Jastrzebski, W; A. Pashov; P. Kowalczyk (22 June 2001). "The E-state of lithium dimer revised". Journal of Chemical Physics. 114 (24): 10725–10727. Bibcode:2001JChPh.11410725J. doi:10.1063/1.1374927.
  9. ^ Pashov, A; W. Jastzebski; P. Kowalczyk (22 October 2000). "The Li2 F "shelf" state: Accurate potential energy curve based on the inverted perturbation approach". Journal of Chemical Physics. 113 (16): 6624–6628. Bibcode:2000JChPh.113.6624P. doi:10.1063/1.1311297.
  10. ^ Tang, Li-Yan; Yan, Zong-Chao; Shi, Ting-Yun; Mitroy, J. (2011). (PDF). Physical Review A. 84 (5): 052502. Bibcode:2011PhRvA..84e2502T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.84.052502. ISSN 1050-2947. S2CID 122544942. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-06-25.

Further reading

March 09, 2023
dilithium, this, article, about, real, substance, fictional, substance, star, trek, strongly, electrophilic, diatomic, molecule, comprising, lithium, atoms, covalently, bonded, together, known, phase, bond, order, internuclear, separation, bond, energy, each, . This article is about the real substance For the fictional substance see Dilithium Star Trek Dilithium Li2 is a strongly electrophilic diatomic molecule comprising two lithium atoms covalently bonded together Li2 is known in the gas phase It has a bond order of 1 an internuclear separation of 267 3 pm and a bond energy of 102 kJ mol or 1 06 eV in each bond 1 The electron configuration of Li2 may be written as s2 Dilithium NamesIUPAC name Dilithium Li Li IdentifiersCAS Number 14452 59 6 N3D model JSmol Interactive imageChemSpider 123254 YPubChem CID 139759CompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID90162747InChI InChI 1S 2Li YKey SMBQBQBNOXIFSF UHFFFAOYSA N YSMILES Li Li PropertiesChemical formula Li 2Molar mass 13 88 g mol 1Except where otherwise noted data are given for materials in their standard state at 25 C 77 F 100 kPa N verify what is Y N Infobox references It has been observed that 1 by mass of lithium in the vapor phase is in the form of dilithium citation needed clarification needed Being the lightest stable neutral homonuclear diatomic molecule after H2 and the helium dimer dilithium is an extremely important model system for studying fundamentals of physics chemistry and electronic structure theory It is the most thoroughly characterized compound in terms of the accuracy and completeness of the empirical potential energy curves of its electronic states Analytic empirical potential energy curves have been constructed for the X state 2 a state 3 A state 4 c state 5 B state 6 2d state 7 l state 7 E state 8 and the F state 9 The most reliable of these potential energy curves are of the Morse Long range variety see entries in the table below 2 3 6 4 5 Li2 potentials are often used to extract atomic properties For example the C3 value for atomic lithium extracted from the A state potential of Li2 by Le Roy et al in 2 is more precise than any previously measured atomic oscillator strength 10 This lithium oscillator strength is related to the radiative lifetime of atomic lithium and is used as a benchmark for atomic clocks and measurements of fundamental constants Electronic state Spectroscopic symbol Term symbol Bond length pm Dissociation energy cm 1 Bound vibrational levels References1 Ground X 11Sg 267 298 74 19 2 8 516 780 0 23 2 39 2 2 2 a 13Su 417 000 6 32 3 333 779 5 62 3 11 3 3 3 b 13Pu 7 4 A 11Sg 310 792 88 36 2 9 353 179 5 28 2 118 2 2 5 c 13Sg 306 543 6 16 3 7 093 492 6 86 3 104 3 6 B 11Pu 293 617 142 310 6 2 984 444 6 118 6 7 E 3 1Sg 8 See also EditMorse Long range potential Dilithium molecular orbital diagram Dilithium Star Trek LithiumReferences Edit Chemical Bonding Mark J Winter Oxford University Press 1994 ISBN 0 19 855694 2 a b c d e f g h i j k Le Roy Robert J N S Dattani J A Coxon A J Ross Patrick Crozet C Linton 25 November 2009 Accurate analytic potentials for Li2 X and Li2 A from 2 to 90 Angstroms and the radiative lifetime of Li 2p Journal of Chemical Physics 131 20 204309 Bibcode 2009JChPh 131t4309L doi 10 1063 1 3264688 PMID 19947682 a b c d e f g h i Dattani N S R J Le Roy 8 May 2013 A DPF data analysis yields accurate analytic potentials for Li2 a and Li2 c that incorporate 3 state mixing near the c state asymptote Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 268 1 2 199 210 arXiv 1101 1361 Bibcode 2011JMoSp 268 199 doi 10 1016 j jms 2011 03 030 S2CID 119266866 a b W Gunton M Semczuk N S Dattani K W Madison High resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of the 6Li2 A state https arxiv org abs 1309 5870 a b Semczuk M Li X Gunton W Haw M Dattani N S Witz J Mills A K Jones D J Madison K W 2013 High resolution photoassociation spectroscopy of the 6Li2 c state Phys Rev A 87 5 052505 arXiv 1309 6662 Bibcode 2013PhRvA 87e2505S doi 10 1103 PhysRevA 87 052505 S2CID 119263860 a b c d e Huang Yiye R J Le Roy 8 October 2003 Potential energy Lambda double and Born Oppenheimer breakdown functions for the B1Piu barrier state of Li2 Journal of Chemical Physics 119 14 7398 7416 Bibcode 2003JChPh 119 7398H doi 10 1063 1 1607313 a b c Li Dan F Xie L Li A Lazoudis A M Lyyra 29 September 2007 New observation of the 13Dg and 23Pg states and molecular constants with all 6Li2 7Li2 and 6Li7Li data Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 246 2 180 186 Bibcode 2007JMoSp 246 180L doi 10 1016 j jms 2007 09 008 a b Jastrzebski W A Pashov P Kowalczyk 22 June 2001 The E state of lithium dimer revised Journal of Chemical Physics 114 24 10725 10727 Bibcode 2001JChPh 11410725J doi 10 1063 1 1374927 Pashov A W Jastzebski P Kowalczyk 22 October 2000 The Li2 F shelf state Accurate potential energy curve based on the inverted perturbation approach Journal of Chemical Physics 113 16 6624 6628 Bibcode 2000JChPh 113 6624P doi 10 1063 1 1311297 Tang Li Yan Yan Zong Chao Shi Ting Yun Mitroy J 2011 Third order perturbation theory for van der Waals interaction coefficients PDF Physical Review A 84 5 052502 Bibcode 2011PhRvA 84e2502T doi 10 1103 PhysRevA 84 052502 ISSN 1050 2947 S2CID 122544942 Archived from the original PDF on 2020 06 25 Further reading EditGreenwood Norman N Earnshaw Alan 1997 Chemistry of the Elements 2nd ed Butterworth Heinemann ISBN 978 0 08 037941 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dilithium amp oldid 1137028457, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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