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Haplogroup E-M75

December 26, 2022

Haplogroup E-M75 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Along with haplogroup E-P147, it is one of the two main branches of the older haplogroup E-M96.

Haplogroup E-M75
Possible time of origin45,000–50,000 years BP
Possible place of originEast Africa
AncestorE-M96
DescendantsE-M41, E-M54
Defining mutationsM75, P68

Distribution

Sorted frequency table of E-M75+ populations. Note that a "?" specifies that the sublineage of E-M75 was either untested for or unreported in the relevant study.

Population Region Size E-M75+ M41+ M54+ E-M75+M41-M54-
Alur[1] East Africa 9 66.67% 66.67% 0.00% 0.00%
Hema[1] East Africa 18 38.89% 38.89% 0.00% 0.00%
Xhosa[1] South Africa 80 27.50% 0.00% 27.50% 0.00%
Rimaibe[2] Western Africa 37 27.03% ? 27.03% ?
Mbuti Pygmies[2] Central Africa 12 25.00% ? 25.00% ?
Daba[2] Central Western Africa 18 22.22% ? 22.22% ?
Eviya[3] Central Western Africa 24 20.83% ? ? ?
Zulu[1] South Africa 29 20.69% 0.00% 20.69% 0.00%
Bantu (Kenya)[4] East Africa 29 17.24% 3.45% 13.79% 0.00%
Ethiopia[5] East Africa 88 17.05% 17.05% 0.00% 0.00%
Ganda[1] East Africa 26 15.38% 7.69% 3.85% 3.85%
S.Africa[5] South Africa 53 15.09% 0.00% 15.09% 0.00%
Comorian Shirazi[6] East Africa - 14.00% 0.00% 14.00% 0.00%
Akele[3] Central Western Africa 50 12.00% ? ? ?
Eshira[3] Central Western Africa 42 11.90% ? ? ?
Dama[1] South Africa 18 11.11% 0.00% 5.56% 5.56%
Mixed Nilo-Saharan[2] Central Western Africa 9 11.11% ? 11.11% ?
Obamba[3] Central Western Africa 47 10.64% ? ? ?
Orungu[3] Central Western Africa 21 9.52% ? ? ?
Shake[3] Central Western Africa 43 9.30% ? ? ?
Senegalese[7] West Africa 33 9.09% ? ? ?
Hutu[4] East Africa 69 8.70% 4.35% 4.35% 0.00%
Duma[3] Central Western Africa 46 8.70% ? ? ?
Malagasy[8] Madagascar 35 8.57% 0.00% 8.57% 0.00%
Teke[3] Central Western Africa 48 8.33% ? ? ?
C.Africa[5] Central Africa 37 8.11% 0.00% 8.11% 0.00%
Mandara[1] Central Africa 28 7.14% 0.00% 7.14% 0.00%
Ngoumba[1] Central Africa 31 6.45% 0.00% 6.45% 0.00%
!Kung[2] South Africa 64 6.25% ? 6.25% ?
Ndumu[3] Central Western Africa 36 5.56% ? ? ?
African Americans[7] North America 199 5.53% ? ? ?
Fon[4] West Africa 100 5.00% 0.00% 5.00% 0.00%
Sudan[5] East Africa 40 5.00% 5.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Tsogo[3] Central Western Africa 60 5.00% ? ? ?
Ambo[1] South Africa 22 4.55% 0.00% 4.55% 0.00%
Mbuti Pygmies[1] East Africa 47 4.26% 0.00% 4.26% 0.00%
Tutsi[4] East Africa 94 4.26% 0.00% 4.26% 0.00%
Galoa[3] Central Western Africa 47 4.26% ? ? ?
Ngumba[3] Central Western Africa 24 4.17% ? ? ?
Mossi[2] Western Africa 49 4.08% ? 4.08% ?
Khwe[2] South Africa 26 3.85% ? 3.85% ?
Sotho-Tswana[1] South Africa 28 3.57% 0.00% 3.57% 0.00%
Nzebi[3] Central Western Africa 57 3.51% ? ? ?
Punu[3] Central Western Africa 58 3.45% ? ? ?
Bakola Pygmies[1] Central Africa 33 3.03% 0.00% 3.03% 0.00%
Wolof[1] West Africa 34 2.94% 0.00% 2.94% 0.00%
Senegalese[9] West Africa 139 2.88% ? ? ?
Mandinka[1] West Africa 39 2.56% 0.00% 0.00% 2.56%
Kikuyu & Kamba[1] East Africa 42 2.38% 0.00% 2.38% 0.00%
Wairak[4] East Africa 43 2.33% 2.33% 0.00% 0.00%
Makina[3] Central Western Africa 43 2.33% ? ? ?
Benga[3] Central Western Africa 48 2.08% ? ? ?
Shona[1] South Africa 49 2.04% 0.00% 0.00% 2.04%
Kota[3] Central Western Africa 53 1.89% ? ? ?
Dogon[1] West Africa 55 1.82% 0.00% 1.82% 0.00%
Arabs (Oman)[4] Near East/Asia 121 1.65% 0.00% 1.65% 0.00%
Ethiopian (Oromo)[9] East Africa 78 1.28% ? ? ?

Subclades

Paragroup E-M75

Haplogroup E-M75(xM41,M54) has been found in 6% (1/18) of a sample of Dama from Namibia,[1] 4% (1/26) of a sample of Ganda from Uganda,[1] 3% (1/39) of a sample of Mandinka from Gambia/Senegal,[1] and 2% (1/49) of a sample of Shona from Zimbabwe.[1]

E-M41

Haplogroup E-M41 has been found mainly in populations of the Great Lakes and Upper Nile regions of Central-East Africa, including 67% (6/9) of a sample of Alur from the DRC,[1] 39% (7/18) of a sample of Hema from the DRC,[1] 17% (15/88) of a sample from Ethiopia,[5] 8% (2/26) of a sample of Ganda from Uganda,[1] 5% (2/40) of a sample from Sudan,[5] 4% (3/69) of a sample of Hutu from Rwanda,[4] 3% (1/29) of a sample of Bantus from Kenya,[4] and 2% (1/43) of a sample of Iraqw from Tanzania.[4]

E-M54

Haplogroup E-M54 has been found in 28% (22/80) of a sample of Xhosa from South Africa,[1] 27% (10/37) of a sample of Rimaibe from Burkina Faso,[2] 22% (4/18) of a sample of Daba from northern Cameroon,[2] 21% (6/29) of a sample of Zulu from South Africa,[1] 15% (8/53) of a sample of non-Khoisan Southern Africans,[5] 14% (4/29) of a sample of Bantus from Kenya,[4] 14% of a sample of Comorian Shirazi,[6] 11% (1/9) of a small sample of speakers of Central Sudanic and Saharan languages from northern Cameroon,[2] 9% (3/35) of a sample of Malagasy from Madagascar,[8] 8% (3/37) of a sample from Central Africa,[5] 7% (2/28) of a sample of Mandara from northern Cameroon,[1] 6% (2/31) of a sample of Ngumba from southern Cameroon,[1] 6% (4/64) of a sample of !Kung from South Africa,[2] 6% (1/18) of a sample of Dama from Namibia,[1] 5% (5/100) of a sample of Fon from Benin,[4] 5% (1/22) of a sample of Ambo from Namibia,[1] 4% (3/69) of a sample of Hutu from Rwanda,[4] 4% (4/94) of a sample of Tutsi from Rwanda,[4] 4% (2/47) of a sample of Mbuti from the DRC,[1] 4% (1/26) of a sample of Ganda from Uganda,[1] 4% (1/26) of a sample of Khwe from South Africa,[2] 4% (1/28) of a sample of Sotho-Tswana from South Africa,[1] 3% (1/33) of a sample of Bakola from southern Cameroon,[1] 3% (1/34) of a sample of Wolof from Gambia/Senegal,[1] 3% (2/72) of a sample from Qatar,[10] 2% (1/42) of a sample of Kikuyu and Kamba from Kenya,[1] 2% (1/55) of a sample of Dogon from Mali,[1] and approximately 2% of a sample of 121 Arabs from Oman.[4]

It has been suggested that haplogroup E-M85 Y-chromosomes have spread through Sub-Saharan Africa quite recently based on the fact that Y-STR microsatellite haplotypes associated with these chromosomes show a low degree of differentiation throughout their broad geographic range. Furthermore, the mean variance of STR alleles of E-M85 chromosomes is higher in Central-Western Africans than in the Southern African Khoisan, leading researchers to propose that E-M85 might have been involved in the range expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples from Central-Western Africa toward Southern Africa.[2][3]

E-M98*

E-M98(xM85) has been found in 4% (2/49) of a sample of Mossi from Burkina Faso.[2]

E-M200

E-M200 has been found in 25% (3/12) of a small sample of Mbuti from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.[2] According to Figure 4 of Cruciani (2002), all three Bambuti who exhibit the M200 mutation share an identical microsatellite haplotype based on seven STR loci with one another and with some E-M85(xM200) Khoisan (!Kung and/or Khwe) individuals from South Africa.

Phylogenetics

Phylogenetic history

Main article: Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being, above all, timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) (α) (β) (γ) (δ) (ε) (ζ) (η) YCC 2002 (Longhand) YCC 2005 (Longhand) YCC 2008 (Longhand) YCC 2010r (Longhand) ISOGG 2006 ISOGG 2007 ISOGG 2008 ISOGG 2009 ISOGG 2010 ISOGG 2011 ISOGG 2012
E-P29 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E* E E E E E E E E E E
E-M33 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E1* E1 E1a E1a E1 E1 E1a E1a E1a E1a E1a
E-M44 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E1a E1a E1a1 E1a1 E1a E1a E1a1 E1a1 E1a1 E1a1 E1a1
E-M75 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E2a E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2
E-M54 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E2b E2b E2b E2b1 - - - - - - -
E-P2 25 III 4 14 Eu3 H2 B E3* E3 E1b E1b1 E3 E3 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1
E-M2 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a* E3a E1b1 E1b1a E3a E3a E1b1a E1b1a E1b1a E1b1a1 E1b1a1
E-M58 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a1 E3a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E3a1 E3a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1a1a E1b1a1a1a
E-M116.2 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a2 E3a2 E1b1a2 E1b1a2 E3a2 E3a2 E1b1a2 E1b1a2 E1ba12 removed removed
E-M149 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a3 E3a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E3a3 E3a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a1a1c E1b1a1a1c
E-M154 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a4 E3a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E3a4 E3a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a1a1g1c E1b1a1a1g1c
E-M155 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a5 E3a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E3a5 E3a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a1a1d E1b1a1a1d
E-M10 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a6 E3a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E3a6 E3a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a1a1e E1b1a1a1e
E-M35 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b* E3b E1b1b1 E1b1b1 E3b1 E3b1 E1b1b1 E1b1b1 E1b1b1 removed removed
E-M78 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b1* E3b1 E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E3b1a E3b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E1b1b1a1
E-M148 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b1a E3b1a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a1c1 E3b1a3a E3b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a1c1 E1b1b1a1c1
E-M81 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2* E3b2 E1b1b1b E1b1b1b1 E3b1b E3b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a
E-M107 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2a E3b2a E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a E3b1b1 E3b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a E1b1b1b1a1
E-M165 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2b E3b2b E1b1b1b2 E1b1b1b1b1 E3b1b2 E3b1b2 E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b1a2a
E-M123 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b3* E3b3 E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E3b1c E3b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1b2a
E-M34 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b3a* E3b3a E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E3b1c1 E3b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1b2a1
E-M136 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3ba1 E3b3a1 E1b1b1c1a E1b1b1c1a1 E3b1c1a E3b1c1a E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1b2a1a1

Research publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

Phylogenetic trees

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree[11] and subsequent published research.

  • E-M75 (M75, P68)
    • E-M41 (M41/P210)
    • E-M98 (M98)
      • E-M54 (M54, M90)
        • E-M85 (M85)
          • E-M200 (M200)
            • E-P45 (P45)
            • E-P258 (P258)

See also

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to Haplogroup E-M75.

Genetics

Y-DNA E subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Wood et al. (2005)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Cruciani et al. (2002)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Berniell-Lee et al. (2009)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Luis et al. (2004)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Underhill et al. (2000)
  6. ^ a b Msaidie, Said; et al. (2011). "Genetic diversity on the Comoros Islands shows early seafaring as major determinant of human biocultural evolution in the Western Indian Ocean" (PDF). European Journal of Human Genetics. 19 (1): 89–94. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2010.128. PMC 3039498. PMID 20700146. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  7. ^ a b Stefflova et al. (2009)
  8. ^ a b Hurles Matthew E.; Sykes Bryan C.; Jobling Mark A.; Forster Peter (May 2005), "The Dual Origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and East Africa: Evidence from Maternal and Paternal Lineages", American Journal of Human Genetics, 76 (894–901): 894–901, doi:10.1086/430051, PMC 1199379, PMID 15793703
  9. ^ a b Semino et al. (2004)
  10. ^ Cadenas et al. (2007)
  11. ^ Karafet et al. (2008)

Sources for conversion tables

  • Capelli, Cristian; Wilson, James F.; Richards, Martin; Stumpf, Michael P.H.; et al. (February 2001). "A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 68 (2): 432–443. doi:10.1086/318205.
  • Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Redd, Alan J.; Jarjanazi, Hamdi; et al. (1 July 2001). "Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y-Chromosome Diversity". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (7): 1189–1203. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003906.
  • Jobling, Mark A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2000), "New uses for new haplotypes", Trends in Genetics, 16 (8): 356–62, doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02057-6, PMID 10904265
  • Kaladjieva, Luba; Calafell, Francesc; Jobling, Mark A; Angelicheva, Dora; et al. (February 2001). "Patterns of inter- and intra-group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages". European Journal of Human Genetics. 9 (2): 97–104. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200597.
  • Karafet, Tatiana; Xu, Liping; Du, Ruofu; Wang, William; et al. (September 2001). "Paternal Population History of East Asia: Sources, Patterns, and Microevolutionary Processes". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (3): 615–628. doi:10.1086/323299.
  • Semino, O.; Passarino, G; Oefner, PJ; Lin, AA; et al. (2000), "The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans: A Y Chromosome Perspective", Science, 290 (5494): 1155–9, Bibcode:2000Sci...290.1155S, doi:10.1126/science.290.5494.1155, PMID 11073453
  • Su, Bing; Xiao, Junhua; Underhill, Peter; Deka, Ranjan; et al. (December 1999). "Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 65 (6): 1718–1724. doi:10.1086/302680.
  • Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; et al. (November 2000). "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations". Nature Genetics. 26 (3): 358–361. doi:10.1038/81685.

Additional sources

  1. Berniell-Lee, Gemma; Calafell, Francesc; Bosch, Elena; Heyer, Evelyne; Sica, Lucas; Mouguiama-Daouda, Patrick; van Der Veen, Lolke; Hombert, Jean-Marie; et al. (2009), "Genetic and Demographic Implications of the Bantu Expansion: Insights from Human Paternal Lineages", Molecular Biology and Evolution, 26 (7): 1581–9, doi:10.1093/molbev/msp069, PMID 19369595
  2. Cadenas, Alicia M; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Cavalli-Sforza, Luca L; Underhill, Peter A; Herrera, Rene J (2007), "Y-chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman", European Journal of Human Genetics, 16 (3): 374–86, doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201934, PMID 17928816
  3. Cruciani, Fulvio; Santolamazza, Piero; Shen, Peidong; MacAulay, Vincent; Moral, Pedro; Olckers, Antonel; Modiano, David; Holmes, Susan; et al. (2002), "A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes", The American Journal of Human Genetics, 70 (5): 1197–214, doi:10.1086/340257, PMC 447595, PMID 11910562
  4. Hurles, Matthew E.; Sykes, Bryan C.; Jobling, Mark A.; Forster, Peter (2005), "The Dual Origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and East Africa: Evidence from Maternal and Paternal Lineages", The American Journal of Human Genetics, 76 (5): 894–901, doi:10.1086/430051, PMC 1199379, PMID 15793703
  5. Karafet, Tatiana M.; Mendez, Fernando L.; Meilerman, Monica B.; Underhill, Peter A.; Zegura, Stephen L.; Hammer, Michael F. (2008), "New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree", Genome Research, 18 (5): 830–8, doi:10.1101/gr.7172008, PMC 2336805, PMID 18385274
  6. Luis, J; Rowold, D; Regueiro, M; Caeiro, B; Cinnioglu, C; Roseman, C; Underhill, P; Cavallisforza, L; Herrera, R (2004), "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations", The American Journal of Human Genetics, 74 (3): 532–44, doi:10.1086/382286, PMC 1182266, PMID 14973781
  7. Semino, Ornella; Magri, Chiara; Benuzzi, Giorgia; Lin, Alice A.; Al-Zahery, Nadia; Battaglia, Vincenza; MacCioni, Liliana; Triantaphyllidis, Costas; et al. (2004), "Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of Y-Chromosome Haplogroups E and J: Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area", The American Journal of Human Genetics, 74 (5): 1023–34, doi:10.1086/386295, PMC 1181965, PMID 15069642
  8. Stefflova, Klara; Dulik, Matthew C.; Pai, Athma A.; Walker, Amy H.; Zeigler-Johnson, Charnita M.; Gueye, Serigne M.; Schurr, Theodore G.; Rebbeck, Timothy R. (2009), Relethford, John (ed.), "Evaluation of Group Genetic Ancestry of Populations from Philadelphia and Dakar in the Context of Sex-Biased Admixture in the Americas", PLOS ONE, 4 (11): e7842, Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.7842S, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007842, PMC 2776971, PMID 19946364
  9. Underhill, Peter A.; Shen, Peidong; Lin, Alice A.; Jin, Li; Passarino, Giuseppe; Yang, Wei H.; Kauffman, Erin; Bonné-Tamir, Batsheva; et al. (2000), "Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations", Nature Genetics, 26 (3): 358–61, doi:10.1038/81685, PMID 11062480, S2CID 12893406
  10. Wood, Elizabeth T; Stover, Daryn A; Ehret, Christopher; Destro-Bisol, Giovanni; Spedini, Gabriella; McLeod, Howard; Louie, Leslie; Bamshad, Mike; et al. (2005), "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: Evidence for sex-biased demographic processes", European Journal of Human Genetics, 13 (7): 867–76, doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201408, PMID 15856073

External links

  • Y-DNA Haplogroup E and Its Subclades from ISOGG 2008

December 26, 2022
haplogroup, human, chromosome, haplogroup, along, with, haplogroup, p147, main, branches, older, haplogroup, possible, time, origin45, years, bppossible, place, origineast, africaancestore, m96descendantse, m54defining, mutationsm75, contents, distribution, su. Haplogroup E M75 is a human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup Along with haplogroup E P147 it is one of the two main branches of the older haplogroup E M96 Haplogroup E M75Possible time of origin45 000 50 000 years BPPossible place of originEast AfricaAncestorE M96DescendantsE M41 E M54Defining mutationsM75 P68 Contents 1 Distribution 2 Subclades 2 1 Paragroup E M75 2 2 E M41 2 3 E M54 2 3 1 E M98 2 3 1 1 E M200 3 Phylogenetics 3 1 Phylogenetic history 3 1 1 Research publications 3 2 Phylogenetic trees 4 See also 4 1 Genetics 4 2 Y DNA E subclades 4 3 Y DNA backbone tree 5 References 5 1 Sources for conversion tables 6 Additional sources 7 External linksDistribution EditSorted frequency table of E M75 populations Note that a specifies that the sublineage of E M75 was either untested for or unreported in the relevant study Population Region Size E M75 M41 M54 E M75 M41 M54 Alur 1 East Africa 9 66 67 66 67 0 00 0 00 Hema 1 East Africa 18 38 89 38 89 0 00 0 00 Xhosa 1 South Africa 80 27 50 0 00 27 50 0 00 Rimaibe 2 Western Africa 37 27 03 27 03 Mbuti Pygmies 2 Central Africa 12 25 00 25 00 Daba 2 Central Western Africa 18 22 22 22 22 Eviya 3 Central Western Africa 24 20 83 Zulu 1 South Africa 29 20 69 0 00 20 69 0 00 Bantu Kenya 4 East Africa 29 17 24 3 45 13 79 0 00 Ethiopia 5 East Africa 88 17 05 17 05 0 00 0 00 Ganda 1 East Africa 26 15 38 7 69 3 85 3 85 S Africa 5 South Africa 53 15 09 0 00 15 09 0 00 Comorian Shirazi 6 East Africa 14 00 0 00 14 00 0 00 Akele 3 Central Western Africa 50 12 00 Eshira 3 Central Western Africa 42 11 90 Dama 1 South Africa 18 11 11 0 00 5 56 5 56 Mixed Nilo Saharan 2 Central Western Africa 9 11 11 11 11 Obamba 3 Central Western Africa 47 10 64 Orungu 3 Central Western Africa 21 9 52 Shake 3 Central Western Africa 43 9 30 Senegalese 7 West Africa 33 9 09 Hutu 4 East Africa 69 8 70 4 35 4 35 0 00 Duma 3 Central Western Africa 46 8 70 Malagasy 8 Madagascar 35 8 57 0 00 8 57 0 00 Teke 3 Central Western Africa 48 8 33 C Africa 5 Central Africa 37 8 11 0 00 8 11 0 00 Mandara 1 Central Africa 28 7 14 0 00 7 14 0 00 Ngoumba 1 Central Africa 31 6 45 0 00 6 45 0 00 Kung 2 South Africa 64 6 25 6 25 Ndumu 3 Central Western Africa 36 5 56 African Americans 7 North America 199 5 53 Fon 4 West Africa 100 5 00 0 00 5 00 0 00 Sudan 5 East Africa 40 5 00 5 00 0 00 0 00 Tsogo 3 Central Western Africa 60 5 00 Ambo 1 South Africa 22 4 55 0 00 4 55 0 00 Mbuti Pygmies 1 East Africa 47 4 26 0 00 4 26 0 00 Tutsi 4 East Africa 94 4 26 0 00 4 26 0 00 Galoa 3 Central Western Africa 47 4 26 Ngumba 3 Central Western Africa 24 4 17 Mossi 2 Western Africa 49 4 08 4 08 Khwe 2 South Africa 26 3 85 3 85 Sotho Tswana 1 South Africa 28 3 57 0 00 3 57 0 00 Nzebi 3 Central Western Africa 57 3 51 Punu 3 Central Western Africa 58 3 45 Bakola Pygmies 1 Central Africa 33 3 03 0 00 3 03 0 00 Wolof 1 West Africa 34 2 94 0 00 2 94 0 00 Senegalese 9 West Africa 139 2 88 Mandinka 1 West Africa 39 2 56 0 00 0 00 2 56 Kikuyu amp Kamba 1 East Africa 42 2 38 0 00 2 38 0 00 Wairak 4 East Africa 43 2 33 2 33 0 00 0 00 Makina 3 Central Western Africa 43 2 33 Benga 3 Central Western Africa 48 2 08 Shona 1 South Africa 49 2 04 0 00 0 00 2 04 Kota 3 Central Western Africa 53 1 89 Dogon 1 West Africa 55 1 82 0 00 1 82 0 00 Arabs Oman 4 Near East Asia 121 1 65 0 00 1 65 0 00 Ethiopian Oromo 9 East Africa 78 1 28 Subclades EditParagroup E M75 Edit Haplogroup E M75 xM41 M54 has been found in 6 1 18 of a sample of Dama from Namibia 1 4 1 26 of a sample of Ganda from Uganda 1 3 1 39 of a sample of Mandinka from Gambia Senegal 1 and 2 1 49 of a sample of Shona from Zimbabwe 1 E M41 Edit Haplogroup E M41 has been found mainly in populations of the Great Lakes and Upper Nile regions of Central East Africa including 67 6 9 of a sample of Alur from the DRC 1 39 7 18 of a sample of Hema from the DRC 1 17 15 88 of a sample from Ethiopia 5 8 2 26 of a sample of Ganda from Uganda 1 5 2 40 of a sample from Sudan 5 4 3 69 of a sample of Hutu from Rwanda 4 3 1 29 of a sample of Bantus from Kenya 4 and 2 1 43 of a sample of Iraqw from Tanzania 4 E M54 Edit Haplogroup E M54 has been found in 28 22 80 of a sample of Xhosa from South Africa 1 27 10 37 of a sample of Rimaibe from Burkina Faso 2 22 4 18 of a sample of Daba from northern Cameroon 2 21 6 29 of a sample of Zulu from South Africa 1 15 8 53 of a sample of non Khoisan Southern Africans 5 14 4 29 of a sample of Bantus from Kenya 4 14 of a sample of Comorian Shirazi 6 11 1 9 of a small sample of speakers of Central Sudanic and Saharan languages from northern Cameroon 2 9 3 35 of a sample of Malagasy from Madagascar 8 8 3 37 of a sample from Central Africa 5 7 2 28 of a sample of Mandara from northern Cameroon 1 6 2 31 of a sample of Ngumba from southern Cameroon 1 6 4 64 of a sample of Kung from South Africa 2 6 1 18 of a sample of Dama from Namibia 1 5 5 100 of a sample of Fon from Benin 4 5 1 22 of a sample of Ambo from Namibia 1 4 3 69 of a sample of Hutu from Rwanda 4 4 4 94 of a sample of Tutsi from Rwanda 4 4 2 47 of a sample of Mbuti from the DRC 1 4 1 26 of a sample of Ganda from Uganda 1 4 1 26 of a sample of Khwe from South Africa 2 4 1 28 of a sample of Sotho Tswana from South Africa 1 3 1 33 of a sample of Bakola from southern Cameroon 1 3 1 34 of a sample of Wolof from Gambia Senegal 1 3 2 72 of a sample from Qatar 10 2 1 42 of a sample of Kikuyu and Kamba from Kenya 1 2 1 55 of a sample of Dogon from Mali 1 and approximately 2 of a sample of 121 Arabs from Oman 4 It has been suggested that haplogroup E M85 Y chromosomes have spread through Sub Saharan Africa quite recently based on the fact that Y STR microsatellite haplotypes associated with these chromosomes show a low degree of differentiation throughout their broad geographic range Furthermore the mean variance of STR alleles of E M85 chromosomes is higher in Central Western Africans than in the Southern African Khoisan leading researchers to propose that E M85 might have been involved in the range expansion of Bantu speaking peoples from Central Western Africa toward Southern Africa 2 3 E M98 Edit E M98 xM85 has been found in 4 2 49 of a sample of Mossi from Burkina Faso 2 E M200 Edit E M200 has been found in 25 3 12 of a small sample of Mbuti from the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2 According to Figure 4 of Cruciani 2002 all three Bambuti who exhibit the M200 mutation share an identical microsatellite haplotype based on seven STR loci with one another and with some E M85 xM200 Khoisan Kung and or Khwe individuals from South Africa Phylogenetics EditPhylogenetic history Edit Main article Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups Prior to 2002 there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y Chromosome phylogenetic tree This led to considerable confusion In 2002 the major research groups came together and formed the Y Chromosome Consortium YCC They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use Later a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC tree This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures YCC 2002 2008 Shorthand a b g d e z h YCC 2002 Longhand YCC 2005 Longhand YCC 2008 Longhand YCC 2010r Longhand ISOGG 2006 ISOGG 2007 ISOGG 2008 ISOGG 2009 ISOGG 2010 ISOGG 2011 ISOGG 2012E P29 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E E E E E E E E E E EE M33 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E1 E1 E1a E1a E1 E1 E1a E1a E1a E1a E1aE M44 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E1a E1a E1a1 E1a1 E1a E1a E1a1 E1a1 E1a1 E1a1 E1a1E M75 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E2a E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2E M54 21 III 3A 13 Eu3 H2 B E2b E2b E2b E2b1 E P2 25 III 4 14 Eu3 H2 B E3 E3 E1b E1b1 E3 E3 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1 E1b1E M2 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a E3a E1b1 E1b1a E3a E3a E1b1a E1b1a E1b1a E1b1a1 E1b1a1E M58 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a1 E3a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E3a1 E3a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1 E1b1a1a1a E1b1a1a1aE M116 2 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a2 E3a2 E1b1a2 E1b1a2 E3a2 E3a2 E1b1a2 E1b1a2 E1ba12 removed removedE M149 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a3 E3a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E3a3 E3a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a3 E1b1a1a1c E1b1a1a1cE M154 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a4 E3a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E3a4 E3a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a4 E1b1a1a1g1c E1b1a1a1g1cE M155 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a5 E3a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E3a5 E3a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a5 E1b1a1a1d E1b1a1a1dE M10 8 III 5 15 Eu2 H2 B E3a6 E3a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E3a6 E3a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a6 E1b1a1a1e E1b1a1a1eE M35 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b E3b E1b1b1 E1b1b1 E3b1 E3b1 E1b1b1 E1b1b1 E1b1b1 removed removedE M78 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b1 E3b1 E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E3b1a E3b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a E1b1b1a1 E1b1b1a1E M148 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b1a E3b1a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a1c1 E3b1a3a E3b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a3a E1b1b1a1c1 E1b1b1a1c1E M81 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2 E3b2 E1b1b1b E1b1b1b1 E3b1b E3b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1aE M107 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2a E3b2a E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a E3b1b1 E3b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1 E1b1b1b1a E1b1b1b1a1E M165 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b2b E3b2b E1b1b1b2 E1b1b1b1b1 E3b1b2 E3b1b2 E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b2a E1b1b1b1a2aE M123 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b3 E3b3 E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E3b1c E3b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1c E1b1b1b2aE M34 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3b3a E3b3a E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E3b1c1 E3b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1c1 E1b1b1b2a1E M136 25 III 4 14 Eu4 H2 B E3ba1 E3b3a1 E1b1b1c1a E1b1b1c1a1 E3b1c1a E3b1c1a E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1c1a1 E1b1b1b2a1a1Research publications Edit The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree a Jobling and Tyler Smith 2000 and Kaladjieva 2001 b Underhill 2000 g Hammer 2001 d Karafet 2001 e Semino 2000 z Su 1999 h Capelli 2001 Phylogenetic trees Edit This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the YCC 2008 tree 11 and subsequent published research E M75 M75 P68 E M41 M41 P210 E M98 M98 E M54 M54 M90 E M85 M85 E M200 M200 E P45 P45 E P258 P258 See also Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Haplogroup E M75 Genetics Edit African admixture in Europe Genetic genealogy Haplogroup D Haplogroup DE Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y DNA haplogroups by ethnic group Y DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub Saharan Africa Y DNA E subclades Edit Haplogroup E L485 Haplogroup E M123 Haplogroup E M180 Haplogroup E M215 Haplogroup E M33 Haplogroup E M521 Haplogroup E M75 Haplogroup E M96 Haplogroup E P147 Haplogroup E P177 Haplogroup E P2 Haplogroup E V12 Haplogroup E V13 Haplogroup E V22 Haplogroup E M2 Haplogroup E V65 Haplogroup E V68 Haplogroup E Z820 Haplogroup E Z827 Y DNA backbone tree EditReferences Edit a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Wood et al 2005 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Cruciani et al 2002 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Berniell Lee et al 2009 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Luis et al 2004 a b c d e f g h Underhill et al 2000 a b Msaidie Said et al 2011 Genetic diversity on the Comoros Islands shows early seafaring as major determinant of human biocultural evolution in the Western Indian Ocean PDF European Journal of Human Genetics 19 1 89 94 doi 10 1038 ejhg 2010 128 PMC 3039498 PMID 20700146 Retrieved 19 November 2016 a b Stefflova et al 2009 a b Hurles Matthew E Sykes Bryan C Jobling Mark A Forster Peter May 2005 The Dual Origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and East Africa Evidence from Maternal and Paternal Lineages American Journal of Human Genetics 76 894 901 894 901 doi 10 1086 430051 PMC 1199379 PMID 15793703 a b Semino et al 2004 Cadenas et al 2007 Karafet et al 2008 Sources for conversion tables Edit Capelli Cristian Wilson James F Richards Martin Stumpf Michael P H et al February 2001 A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania The American Journal of Human Genetics 68 2 432 443 doi 10 1086 318205 Hammer Michael F Karafet Tatiana M Redd Alan J Jarjanazi Hamdi et al 1 July 2001 Hierarchical Patterns of Global Human Y Chromosome Diversity Molecular Biology and Evolution 18 7 1189 1203 doi 10 1093 oxfordjournals molbev a003906 Jobling Mark A Tyler Smith Chris 2000 New uses for new haplotypes Trends in Genetics 16 8 356 62 doi 10 1016 S0168 9525 00 02057 6 PMID 10904265 Kaladjieva Luba Calafell Francesc Jobling Mark A Angelicheva Dora et al February 2001 Patterns of inter and intra group genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages European Journal of Human Genetics 9 2 97 104 doi 10 1038 sj ejhg 5200597 Karafet Tatiana Xu Liping Du Ruofu Wang William et al September 2001 Paternal Population History of East Asia Sources Patterns and Microevolutionary Processes The American Journal of Human Genetics 69 3 615 628 doi 10 1086 323299 Semino O Passarino G Oefner PJ Lin AA et al 2000 The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans A Y Chromosome Perspective Science 290 5494 1155 9 Bibcode 2000Sci 290 1155S doi 10 1126 science 290 5494 1155 PMID 11073453 Su Bing Xiao Junhua Underhill Peter Deka Ranjan et al December 1999 Y Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age The American Journal of Human Genetics 65 6 1718 1724 doi 10 1086 302680 Underhill Peter A Shen Peidong Lin Alice A Jin Li et al November 2000 Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations Nature Genetics 26 3 358 361 doi 10 1038 81685 Additional sources EditBerniell Lee Gemma Calafell Francesc Bosch Elena Heyer Evelyne Sica Lucas Mouguiama Daouda Patrick van Der Veen Lolke Hombert Jean Marie et al 2009 Genetic and Demographic Implications of the Bantu Expansion Insights from Human Paternal Lineages Molecular Biology and Evolution 26 7 1581 9 doi 10 1093 molbev msp069 PMID 19369595 Cadenas Alicia M Zhivotovsky Lev A Cavalli Sforza Luca L Underhill Peter A Herrera Rene J 2007 Y chromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman European Journal of Human Genetics 16 3 374 86 doi 10 1038 sj ejhg 5201934 PMID 17928816 Cruciani Fulvio Santolamazza Piero Shen Peidong MacAulay Vincent Moral Pedro Olckers Antonel Modiano David Holmes Susan et al 2002 A Back Migration from Asia to Sub Saharan Africa is Supported by High Resolution Analysis of Human Y Chromosome Haplotypes The American Journal of Human Genetics 70 5 1197 214 doi 10 1086 340257 PMC 447595 PMID 11910562 Hurles Matthew E Sykes Bryan C Jobling Mark A Forster Peter 2005 The Dual Origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and East Africa Evidence from Maternal and Paternal Lineages The American Journal of Human Genetics 76 5 894 901 doi 10 1086 430051 PMC 1199379 PMID 15793703 Karafet Tatiana M Mendez Fernando L Meilerman Monica B Underhill Peter A Zegura Stephen L Hammer Michael F 2008 New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree Genome Research 18 5 830 8 doi 10 1101 gr 7172008 PMC 2336805 PMID 18385274 Luis J Rowold D Regueiro M Caeiro B Cinnioglu C Roseman C Underhill P Cavallisforza L Herrera R 2004 The Levant versus the Horn of Africa Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations The American Journal of Human Genetics 74 3 532 44 doi 10 1086 382286 PMC 1182266 PMID 14973781 Semino Ornella Magri Chiara Benuzzi Giorgia Lin Alice A Al Zahery Nadia Battaglia Vincenza MacCioni Liliana Triantaphyllidis Costas et al 2004 Origin Diffusion and Differentiation of Y Chromosome Haplogroups E and J Inferences on the Neolithization of Europe and Later Migratory Events in the Mediterranean Area The American Journal of Human Genetics 74 5 1023 34 doi 10 1086 386295 PMC 1181965 PMID 15069642 Stefflova Klara Dulik Matthew C Pai Athma A Walker Amy H Zeigler Johnson Charnita M Gueye Serigne M Schurr Theodore G Rebbeck Timothy R 2009 Relethford John ed Evaluation of Group Genetic Ancestry of Populations from Philadelphia and Dakar in the Context of Sex Biased Admixture in the Americas PLOS ONE 4 11 e7842 Bibcode 2009PLoSO 4 7842S doi 10 1371 journal pone 0007842 PMC 2776971 PMID 19946364 Underhill Peter A Shen Peidong Lin Alice A Jin Li Passarino Giuseppe Yang Wei H Kauffman Erin Bonne Tamir Batsheva et al 2000 Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations Nature Genetics 26 3 358 61 doi 10 1038 81685 PMID 11062480 S2CID 12893406 Wood Elizabeth T Stover Daryn A Ehret Christopher Destro Bisol Giovanni Spedini Gabriella McLeod Howard Louie Leslie Bamshad Mike et al 2005 Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa Evidence for sex biased demographic processes European Journal of Human Genetics 13 7 867 76 doi 10 1038 sj ejhg 5201408 PMID 15856073External links EditY DNA Haplogroup E and Its Subclades from ISOGG 2008 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Haplogroup E M75 amp oldid 1126129349, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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