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Alfreda Frances Bikowsky

January 07, 2023

Alfreda Frances Bikowsky (born 1965) is a Central Intelligence Agency officer who has headed the Bin Laden Issue Station and the Global Jihad unit. Bikowsky's identity is not publicly acknowledged by the Agency but was deduced by independent investigative journalists in 2011.[2] In January 2014, the Washington Post named her and tied her to a pre-9/11 intelligence failure and the extraordinary rendition of Khalid El-Masri.[3] The Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture, released in December 2014, showed that Bikowsky was not only a key part of the torture program but also one of its chief apologists, resulting in the media's giving her the moniker "The Unidentified Queen of Torture."[4][5][6]

Alfreda Frances Bikowsky
Born1965 (age 57–58)
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Intelligence officer, life coach, businesswoman
Spouse
​
(m. 2014)​
[1]

CIA career

Bikowsky started her CIA career in the 1990s as a Soviet analyst.[7][8]: 273  She was brought into the Bin Laden Issue Station when it was created in 1996 by its first chief, Michael Scheuer.[8]: 35  Sometime after the USS Cole bombing in October 2000, she was promoted to Deputy Chief of the Bin Laden Issue Station.[9] By March 2003, she had been appointed Chief of the station.[8]: 273  The station was closed in late 2005.[10]

Ken Silverstein reported that Bikowsky was a top candidate to be CIA Deputy Chief of Station in Baghdad in 2007.[11] However, a CIA spokesman later wrote to Silverstein to say Bikowsky was not considered for the position and to dispute the characterization of her in the post.[12]

In 2008, Jane Mayer reported that Bikowsky held "a top post handling sensitive matters in the Middle East."[13] It was reported in 2011 that Bikowsky had been promoted to the head of the CIA's Global Jihad unit.[14] She was characterized as a "top CIA official," equivalent to a general in the military.[4]

According to the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture, Bikowsky was at the center of the CIA's effort to justify its use of "enhanced interrogation" techniques. She testified to the Senate Intelligence Committee in February 2007 that enhanced interrogation saved at least hundreds of American lives. The report listed three other claims Bikowsky made in that hearing, calling them all inaccurate.[15] Bikowsky's pseudonym was redacted at least three dozen times in the report.[4]

Blocking intelligence sharing before September 11, 2001

Bikowsky was a senior staff member at the Bin Laden Issue Station in January 2000.[16] She was the direct supervisor of Michael Anne Casey, a CIA staff operations officer who was assigned to track future 9/11 hijacker Khalid al-Mihdhar at an al-Qaeda operatives' meeting in Malaysia in early January 2000.[9] Casey blocked a draft cable written by Doug Miller, an FBI agent detailed to the Bin Laden Issue Station, to the FBI warning that al-Mihdhar had a multiple-entry visa for travel to the U.S.[17][18]: 240  Mark Rossini, another FBI agent first assigned to the Bin Laden Issue Station in 1999,[18]: 233  testified that Casey also verbally ordered him to not share information with FBI headquarters about al-Mihdhar or Nawaf al-Hazmi, who was traveling with al-Mihdhar.[2][19] Rossini further stated that Bikowsky told congressional investigators in 2002 that she hand-delivered al-Mihdhar's visa information to FBI headquarters. This was later proven false by FBI log books.[2] The CIA shared some details about al-Mihdhar with the FBI at that time, but not that he had a valid visa to enter the U.S.[18]: 244–7 

Rendition of Maher Arar

Former CIA officer John Kiriakou was interviewed about the arrest and extraordinary rendition of Canadian citizen Maher Arar, which occurred in September 2002 at John F. Kennedy International Airport. Kiriakou said a "senior female CIA counter-terrorism officer" (presumably Bikowsky) ordered the rendition over the objections of her subordinates. Arar was sent to Syria, where he was tortured and held for almost one year. In reference to the episode, he referred to the film Zero Dark Thirty.[20]

Interrogation of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

Bikowsky has been identified as "the redheaded former Soviet analyst who had been in the Bin Laden Unit during Michael Scheuer's supervision"[8]: 273  in Jane Mayer's book, The Dark Side.[9] After Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was captured in March 2003, Mayer writes of Bikowsky:

Despite the CIA's insistence on the professionalism of its interrogation program, according to two well-informed Agency sources, one particularly overzealous female officer had to be reprimanded for her role. After Mohammed was captured, the woman, who headed the Al Qaeda unit in the CTC, was so excited she flew at government expense to the black site where Mohammed was held so that she could personally watch him being waterboarded. ... Coworkers said she had no legitimate reason to be present during Mohammed's interrogation. She was not an interrogator. "She thought it would be cool to be in the room," a former colleague said. (p. 273)[8]

The Senate torture report claims Bikowsky participated in the interrogation and that claims she made about the results were "almost entirely inaccurate."[4]

Rendition of Khalid El-Masr

In late January 2004, Bikowsky, as head of the Bin Laden Issue Station, made the decision to extraordinarily render Khalid El-Masri to Afghanistan for four months without any evidence in hand.[7][8]: 282–3 [14] El-Masri's name was a different transliteration of Khalid al-Masri, the name of a person who had supposedly met Ramzi bin al-Shibh and Marwan al-Shehhi on a train in Germany.[7][21] Even after El-Masri's passport was checked and his identity as a different person was confirmed in March, Bikowsky still wanted him held in detention in Afghanistan.[8]: 284–5  El-Masri was eventually released in late May on a country road in Albania.[7] The CIA Inspector General determined that there was no legal justification for rendering El-Masri.[14] Bikowsky received no reprimand for the incident, because then-CIA Director Michael Hayden said he didn't want to deter the initiative of counter-terrorism employees.[14]

In 2015, the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, a German non-profit human rights organization, filed a criminal complaint in Germany asking for a federal criminal investigation of Bikowsky for the rendition and torture of El-Masri. Germany's Code of Crimes against International Law does not require the accused to be in Germany or the crime to have been committed there. The complaint cited the U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee report on torture as proof of Bikowsky's involvement.[22]

Who is Rich Blee?

In 2011, independent journalists Ray Nowosielski and John Duffy planned to release an audio documentary entitled Who is Rich Blee? The documentary focused on the CIA's Bin Laden Issue Station before 9/11 and how certain CIA officials blocked information on future 9/11 hijackers from reaching the FBI. They planned to be the first to reveal the identity of two CIA agents, including Bikowsky, who had previously only been identified as "Frances" in an AP news story from 2011 or as a red-headed CIA agent in Jane Mayer's The Dark Side.[8][14] However, after receiving threats of prosecution from the CIA under the Intelligence Identities Protection Act, Duffy and Nowosielski decided to release the documentary with the names redacted.[16] They claim that their webmaster later posted an email containing the identities by accident. The identities then spread to the wider Internet.[2][23][24]

Representations

Bikowsky's career and personality were the main models for the character Maya (portrayed by actress Jessica Chastain) in the film Zero Dark Thirty (2012), although Maya is a composite character of several women involved in finding Osama Bin Laden.[5][25] The film attracted controversy for its depiction of the use of torture to elicit information from terrorist suspects.[26]

She is also a basis for the character Diane Marsh (portrayed by Wrenn Schmidt) in the Hulu miniseries The Looming Tower (2018).[27] In the dramatization, she is depicted as being one of the two people primarily responsible for the lack of intelligence sharing between the FBI and CIA in the lead up to 9/11.

In The Report, a film adaptation of the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture, a character played by Maura Tierney appears to be based on Bikowsky.[28]

Personal Life and Recent Activities

Bikowsky married fellow CIA and former Chief of the Bin Laden Issue Station, Michael Scheuer, in 2014.[29] Under her married name Alfreda Scheuer, she owns and operates her own business, YBeU Beauty. As a life coach she "helps women look good, feel good, and do good."[30] This re-emergence ignited further criticism and discussion, with some online calling for her to be incriminated on war crimes charges.

See also

References

  1. ^ Roston, Aram (January 26, 2016). "CIA's "Queen of Torture" Married To Former CIA Official Who Urges War Between Sunnis And Shiites". BuzzFeed News. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d O'Connor, Rory; Nowosielski, Ray (October 14, 2011). . Salon. Archived from the original on March 11, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
  3. ^ Miller, Greg; Goldman, Adam (January 12, 2014). "A hard-edged defender of spy agencies". Washington Post. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d Cole, Matthew (December 16, 2014). "Bin Laden Expert Accused of Shaping CIA Deception on 'Torture' Program". NBC News. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  5. ^ a b Mayer, Jane (December 18, 2014). "The Unidentified Queen of Torture". New Yorker. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  6. ^ Greenwald, Glenn; Maass, Peter (December 19, 2014). "Meet Alfreda Bikowsky, the Senior Officer at the Center of the CIA's Torture Scandals". The Intercept. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d Priest, Dana (December 4, 2005). "Wrongful Imprisonment: Anatomy of a CIA Mistake". Washington Post. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Mayer, Jane (2008). The Dark Side. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 978-0307456298.
  9. ^ a b c Nowosielski, Ray; Duffy, John (September 20, 2011). . secrecykills.com. Archived from the original on November 27, 2011.
  10. ^ Mazzetti, Mark (July 4, 2006). "C.I.A. Closes Unit Focused on Capture of bin Laden". New York Times. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  11. ^ Silverstein, Ken (23 March 2007). . Harper's. Archived from the original on 10 September 2011.
  12. ^ Silverstein, Ken (16 April 2007). . Harper's. Archived from the original on 12 October 2011.
  13. ^ Mayer, Jane (15 July 2008). "The Battle for a Country's Soul". New York Review of Books. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
  14. ^ a b c d e Goldman, Adam; Apuzzo, Matt (February 9, 2011). "CIA officers make grave mistakes, get promoted". NBCNews.com. Associated Press. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
  15. ^ Bruck, Connie (22 June 2015). "The Inside War". The New Yorker. Retrieved 19 October 2015.
  16. ^ a b Nowosielski, Ray; Duffy, John (September 20, 2011). . secrecykills.com. Archived from the original on November 26, 2011.
  17. ^ 9/11 Commission (July 22, 2004). "The 9/11 Commission Report, Notes" (PDF). p. 502, note 44.
  18. ^ a b c "A Review of the FBI's Handling of Intelligence Information Related to the September 11 Attacks" (PDF). Office of Inspector General. U.S. Department of Justice. November 2004. Retrieved July 10, 2013. Michael Anne Casey is "Michelle," Doug Miller is "Dwight," and Mark Rossini is "Malcolm."
  19. ^ Bamford, James; Willis, Scott (February 3, 2009). "The Spy Factory". PBS. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
  20. ^ Panetta, Alexander (April 5, 2015). "CIA agents tried to stop arrest and torture of Canadian Maher Arar, former spy says". National Post. Canadian Press. Retrieved April 8, 2015.
  21. ^ 9/11 Commission (July 22, 2004). "The 9/11 Commission Report, Chapter 5" (PDF). p. 165.
  22. ^ Braw, Elisabeth (October 19, 2015). "German human rights group files suit against CIA 'Queen of Torture'". ALJAZEERA America. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  23. ^ Edmonds, Sibel (21 September 2011). "BFP Breaking News: Confirmed Identity of the CIA Official behind 9/11, Rendition & Torture Cases is Revealed". Boiling Frogs Post. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  24. ^ Cook, John (22 September 2011). . Gawker. Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  25. ^ Hill, Logan (January 11, 2013). "Secrets of 'Zero Dark Thirty'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
  26. ^ Mayer, Jane (December 14, 2012). "Zero Conscience in "Zero Dark Thirty"". The New Yorker. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
  27. ^ Matthews, Liam (1 March 2018). "Who's Who on The Looming Tower". TVGuide. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  28. ^ Molloy, Tim (2019-12-03). . MovieMaker. Archived from the original on 2019-12-04. Retrieved 2019-12-08.
  29. ^ Roston, Aram (20 April 2022). "Exclusive: Ex-CIA analyst says she 'got bloodied' in tangled U.S. war on Al Qaeda". Reuters. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  30. ^ Crosbie, Jack (20 April 2022). "The CIA's 'Torture Queen' Is Now a Life Coach Hawking Beauty Products". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 5 July 2022.

External links

  • . History Commons. Archived from the original on December 24, 2014.
  • "Interview Senior CIA Officer Regarding CIA's Detention and Interrogation Program" (PDF). CIA Office of Inspector General. ACLU. July 17, 2003. Retrieved February 2, 2016. ACLU source History Commons entry 2014-12-26 at the Wayback Machine
  • "Report on CIA Accountability Regarding Findings and Conclusions of the Report of the Joint Inquiry into Intelligence Community Activities Before and After the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001" (PDF). CIA Office of Inspector General. June 2005. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
  • Nowosielski, Ray; Duffy, John (20 September 2011). . Archived from the original (mp3) on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2013. . Archived from the original on 26 November 2011.
  • Edmonds, Sibel (10 September 2011). "Podcast Show #55". BoilingFrogsPost.com. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  • Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (December 3, 2014). "Committee Study of the Central Intelligence Agency's Detention and Interrogation Program" (PDF). Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved February 11, 2016.

January 07, 2023
alfreda, frances, bikowsky, born, 1965, central, intelligence, agency, officer, headed, laden, issue, station, global, jihad, unit, bikowsky, identity, publicly, acknowledged, agency, deduced, independent, investigative, journalists, 2011, january, 2014, washi. Alfreda Frances Bikowsky born 1965 is a Central Intelligence Agency officer who has headed the Bin Laden Issue Station and the Global Jihad unit Bikowsky s identity is not publicly acknowledged by the Agency but was deduced by independent investigative journalists in 2011 2 In January 2014 the Washington Post named her and tied her to a pre 9 11 intelligence failure and the extraordinary rendition of Khalid El Masri 3 The Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture released in December 2014 showed that Bikowsky was not only a key part of the torture program but also one of its chief apologists resulting in the media s giving her the moniker The Unidentified Queen of Torture 4 5 6 Alfreda Frances BikowskyBorn1965 age 57 58 NationalityAmericanOccupation s Intelligence officer life coach businesswomanSpouseMichael Scheuer m 2014 wbr 1 Contents 1 CIA career 1 1 Blocking intelligence sharing before September 11 2001 1 2 Rendition of Maher Arar 1 3 Interrogation of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed 1 4 Rendition of Khalid El Masr 2 Who is Rich Blee 3 Representations 4 Personal Life and Recent Activities 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksCIA career EditBikowsky started her CIA career in the 1990s as a Soviet analyst 7 8 273 She was brought into the Bin Laden Issue Station when it was created in 1996 by its first chief Michael Scheuer 8 35 Sometime after the USS Cole bombing in October 2000 she was promoted to Deputy Chief of the Bin Laden Issue Station 9 By March 2003 she had been appointed Chief of the station 8 273 The station was closed in late 2005 10 Ken Silverstein reported that Bikowsky was a top candidate to be CIA Deputy Chief of Station in Baghdad in 2007 11 However a CIA spokesman later wrote to Silverstein to say Bikowsky was not considered for the position and to dispute the characterization of her in the post 12 In 2008 Jane Mayer reported that Bikowsky held a top post handling sensitive matters in the Middle East 13 It was reported in 2011 that Bikowsky had been promoted to the head of the CIA s Global Jihad unit 14 She was characterized as a top CIA official equivalent to a general in the military 4 According to the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture Bikowsky was at the center of the CIA s effort to justify its use of enhanced interrogation techniques She testified to the Senate Intelligence Committee in February 2007 that enhanced interrogation saved at least hundreds of American lives The report listed three other claims Bikowsky made in that hearing calling them all inaccurate 15 Bikowsky s pseudonym was redacted at least three dozen times in the report 4 Blocking intelligence sharing before September 11 2001 Edit Bikowsky was a senior staff member at the Bin Laden Issue Station in January 2000 16 She was the direct supervisor of Michael Anne Casey a CIA staff operations officer who was assigned to track future 9 11 hijacker Khalid al Mihdhar at an al Qaeda operatives meeting in Malaysia in early January 2000 9 Casey blocked a draft cable written by Doug Miller an FBI agent detailed to the Bin Laden Issue Station to the FBI warning that al Mihdhar had a multiple entry visa for travel to the U S 17 18 240 Mark Rossini another FBI agent first assigned to the Bin Laden Issue Station in 1999 18 233 testified that Casey also verbally ordered him to not share information with FBI headquarters about al Mihdhar or Nawaf al Hazmi who was traveling with al Mihdhar 2 19 Rossini further stated that Bikowsky told congressional investigators in 2002 that she hand delivered al Mihdhar s visa information to FBI headquarters This was later proven false by FBI log books 2 The CIA shared some details about al Mihdhar with the FBI at that time but not that he had a valid visa to enter the U S 18 244 7 Rendition of Maher Arar Edit Former CIA officer John Kiriakou was interviewed about the arrest and extraordinary rendition of Canadian citizen Maher Arar which occurred in September 2002 at John F Kennedy International Airport Kiriakou said a senior female CIA counter terrorism officer presumably Bikowsky ordered the rendition over the objections of her subordinates Arar was sent to Syria where he was tortured and held for almost one year In reference to the episode he referred to the film Zero Dark Thirty 20 Interrogation of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Edit Bikowsky has been identified as the redheaded former Soviet analyst who had been in the Bin Laden Unit during Michael Scheuer s supervision 8 273 in Jane Mayer s book The Dark Side 9 After Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was captured in March 2003 Mayer writes of Bikowsky Despite the CIA s insistence on the professionalism of its interrogation program according to two well informed Agency sources one particularly overzealous female officer had to be reprimanded for her role After Mohammed was captured the woman who headed the Al Qaeda unit in the CTC was so excited she flew at government expense to the black site where Mohammed was held so that she could personally watch him being waterboarded Coworkers said she had no legitimate reason to be present during Mohammed s interrogation She was not an interrogator She thought it would be cool to be in the room a former colleague said p 273 8 The Senate torture report claims Bikowsky participated in the interrogation and that claims she made about the results were almost entirely inaccurate 4 Rendition of Khalid El Masr Edit In late January 2004 Bikowsky as head of the Bin Laden Issue Station made the decision to extraordinarily render Khalid El Masri to Afghanistan for four months without any evidence in hand 7 8 282 3 14 El Masri s name was a different transliteration of Khalid al Masri the name of a person who had supposedly met Ramzi bin al Shibh and Marwan al Shehhi on a train in Germany 7 21 Even after El Masri s passport was checked and his identity as a different person was confirmed in March Bikowsky still wanted him held in detention in Afghanistan 8 284 5 El Masri was eventually released in late May on a country road in Albania 7 The CIA Inspector General determined that there was no legal justification for rendering El Masri 14 Bikowsky received no reprimand for the incident because then CIA Director Michael Hayden said he didn t want to deter the initiative of counter terrorism employees 14 In 2015 the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights a German non profit human rights organization filed a criminal complaint in Germany asking for a federal criminal investigation of Bikowsky for the rendition and torture of El Masri Germany s Code of Crimes against International Law does not require the accused to be in Germany or the crime to have been committed there The complaint cited the U S Senate Intelligence Committee report on torture as proof of Bikowsky s involvement 22 Who is Rich Blee EditIn 2011 independent journalists Ray Nowosielski and John Duffy planned to release an audio documentary entitled Who is Rich Blee The documentary focused on the CIA s Bin Laden Issue Station before 9 11 and how certain CIA officials blocked information on future 9 11 hijackers from reaching the FBI They planned to be the first to reveal the identity of two CIA agents including Bikowsky who had previously only been identified as Frances in an AP news story from 2011 or as a red headed CIA agent in Jane Mayer s The Dark Side 8 14 However after receiving threats of prosecution from the CIA under the Intelligence Identities Protection Act Duffy and Nowosielski decided to release the documentary with the names redacted 16 They claim that their webmaster later posted an email containing the identities by accident The identities then spread to the wider Internet 2 23 24 Representations EditBikowsky s career and personality were the main models for the character Maya portrayed by actress Jessica Chastain in the film Zero Dark Thirty 2012 although Maya is a composite character of several women involved in finding Osama Bin Laden 5 25 The film attracted controversy for its depiction of the use of torture to elicit information from terrorist suspects 26 She is also a basis for the character Diane Marsh portrayed by Wrenn Schmidt in the Hulu miniseries The Looming Tower 2018 27 In the dramatization she is depicted as being one of the two people primarily responsible for the lack of intelligence sharing between the FBI and CIA in the lead up to 9 11 In The Report a film adaptation of the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture a character played by Maura Tierney appears to be based on Bikowsky 28 Personal Life and Recent Activities EditBikowsky married fellow CIA and former Chief of the Bin Laden Issue Station Michael Scheuer in 2014 29 Under her married name Alfreda Scheuer she owns and operates her own business YBeU Beauty As a life coach she helps women look good feel good and do good 30 This re emergence ignited further criticism and discussion with some online calling for her to be incriminated on war crimes charges See also EditBin Laden Issue Station Enhanced interrogation techniques Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA tortureReferences Edit Roston Aram January 26 2016 CIA s Queen of Torture Married To Former CIA Official Who Urges War Between Sunnis And Shiites BuzzFeed News Retrieved February 2 2016 a b c d O Connor Rory Nowosielski Ray October 14 2011 Insiders voice doubts about CIA s 9 11 Story Salon Archived from the original on March 11 2014 Retrieved February 3 2016 Miller Greg Goldman Adam January 12 2014 A hard edged defender of spy agencies Washington Post Retrieved August 13 2014 a b c d Cole Matthew December 16 2014 Bin Laden Expert Accused of Shaping CIA Deception on Torture Program NBC News Retrieved February 2 2016 a b Mayer Jane December 18 2014 The Unidentified Queen of Torture New Yorker Retrieved December 18 2014 Greenwald Glenn Maass Peter December 19 2014 Meet Alfreda Bikowsky the Senior Officer at the Center of the CIA s Torture Scandals The Intercept Retrieved June 25 2015 a b c d Priest Dana December 4 2005 Wrongful Imprisonment Anatomy of a CIA Mistake Washington Post Retrieved July 2 2013 a b c d e f g h Mayer Jane 2008 The Dark Side New York Anchor Books ISBN 978 0307456298 a b c Nowosielski Ray Duffy John September 20 2011 Secrecy Kills Press secrecykills com Archived from the original on November 27 2011 Mazzetti Mark July 4 2006 C I A Closes Unit Focused on Capture of bin Laden New York Times Retrieved July 30 2013 Silverstein Ken 23 March 2007 Next Stop Baghdad Station Harper s Archived from the original on 10 September 2011 Silverstein Ken 16 April 2007 Missed Appointments The CIA Responds Harper s Archived from the original on 12 October 2011 Mayer Jane 15 July 2008 The Battle for a Country s Soul New York Review of Books Retrieved 9 July 2013 a b c d e Goldman Adam Apuzzo Matt February 9 2011 CIA officers make grave mistakes get promoted NBCNews com Associated Press Retrieved July 2 2013 Bruck Connie 22 June 2015 The Inside War The New Yorker Retrieved 19 October 2015 a b Nowosielski Ray Duffy John September 20 2011 Secrecy Kills Transcript secrecykills com Archived from the original on November 26 2011 9 11 Commission July 22 2004 The 9 11 Commission Report Notes PDF p 502 note 44 a b c A Review of the FBI s Handling of Intelligence Information Related to the September 11 Attacks PDF Office of Inspector General U S Department of Justice November 2004 Retrieved July 10 2013 Michael Anne Casey is Michelle Doug Miller is Dwight and Mark Rossini is Malcolm Bamford James Willis Scott February 3 2009 The Spy Factory PBS Retrieved July 2 2013 Panetta Alexander April 5 2015 CIA agents tried to stop arrest and torture of Canadian Maher Arar former spy says National Post Canadian Press Retrieved April 8 2015 9 11 Commission July 22 2004 The 9 11 Commission Report Chapter 5 PDF p 165 Braw Elisabeth October 19 2015 German human rights group files suit against CIA Queen of Torture ALJAZEERA America Retrieved February 2 2016 Edmonds Sibel 21 September 2011 BFP Breaking News Confirmed Identity of the CIA Official behind 9 11 Rendition amp Torture Cases is Revealed Boiling Frogs Post Retrieved 1 June 2015 Cook John 22 September 2011 Chief of CIA s Global Jihad Unit Revealed Online Gawker Archived from the original on 11 June 2015 Retrieved 1 June 2015 Hill Logan January 11 2013 Secrets of Zero Dark Thirty Rolling Stone Retrieved April 7 2015 Mayer Jane December 14 2012 Zero Conscience in Zero Dark Thirty The New Yorker Retrieved April 7 2015 Matthews Liam 1 March 2018 Who s Who on The Looming Tower TVGuide Retrieved 5 March 2019 Molloy Tim 2019 12 03 Do The Report and Zero Dark Thirty Portray the Same Female CIA Agent MovieMaker Archived from the original on 2019 12 04 Retrieved 2019 12 08 Roston Aram 20 April 2022 Exclusive Ex CIA analyst says she got bloodied in tangled U S war on Al Qaeda Reuters Retrieved 5 July 2022 Crosbie Jack 20 April 2022 The CIA s Torture Queen Is Now a Life Coach Hawking Beauty Products Rolling Stone Retrieved 5 July 2022 External links Edit Alfreda Frances Bikowsky History Commons Archived from the original on December 24 2014 Interview Senior CIA Officer Regarding CIA s Detention and Interrogation Program PDF CIA Office of Inspector General ACLU July 17 2003 Retrieved February 2 2016 ACLU source History Commons entry Archived 2014 12 26 at the Wayback Machine Report on CIA Accountability Regarding Findings and Conclusions of the Report of the Joint Inquiry into Intelligence Community Activities Before and After the Terrorist Attacks of September 11 2001 PDF CIA Office of Inspector General June 2005 Retrieved February 7 2016 Nowosielski Ray Duffy John 20 September 2011 Who Is Richard Blee Archived from the original mp3 on 10 November 2013 Retrieved 11 July 2013 Transcript Archived from the original on 26 November 2011 Edmonds Sibel 10 September 2011 Podcast Show 55 BoilingFrogsPost com Retrieved 1 June 2015 Senate Select Committee on Intelligence December 3 2014 Committee Study of the Central Intelligence Agency s Detention and Interrogation Program PDF Federation of American Scientists Retrieved February 11 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alfreda Frances Bikowsky amp oldid 1112824394, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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