fbpx
Wikipedia

Chancellor of the Tang dynasty

January 01, 1970

The chancellor (Chinese: 宰相; pinyin: zǎixiàng) was a semi-formally designated office position for a number of high-level officials at one time during the Tang dynasty of China. This list also includes chancellors of the short-lived Wu Zhou dynasty, which is typically treated as an interregnum of the Tang dynasty by historians.

Origins edit

Ouyang Xiu, the author of the New Book of Tang, asserts that the Tang dynasty inherited its bureaucracy from its dynastic predecessor, the Sui dynasty, under which the founder Emperor Wen of Sui divided his government into five main bureaus:

  • Shàngshūshěng (尚書省) – The Department of State Affairs
  • Ménxiàshěng (門下省) – The Chancellery
  • Nèishǐshěng (內史省) – The Legislative Bureau (note different tone than the eunuch bureau below)
  • Mìshūshěng (秘書省) – The Palace Library
  • Nèishìshěng (內侍省) – The Eunuch bureau (note different tone than the legislative bureau above), later changed by Emperor Wen's son Emperor Yang of Sui to Diànnèishěng (殿內省)

Under Emperor Wen, the executive bureau was regarded as the most important, and he had his most honored officials such as Gao Jiong, Yang Su, and Su Wei lead it at various points. Its heads were generally regarded as chancellors (as it always had two heads, known as the Shàngshūpúshè (尚書僕射)). Ouyang asserts, however, that the heads of the examination and legislative bureaus were also considered chancellors.[1]

Organization edit

Main article: Three Departments and Six Ministries

Early history edit

The Tang dynasty founder Emperor Gaozu initially followed the Sui's system of governance, including the five-bureau organization. However, he deviated from his predecessors by creating a single head for the executive bureau, known as the Shàngshūlǐng (尚書令) and appointed the office to his second son and future emperor Lǐ Shìmín (李世民).[2] After Li Shimin became emperor in 626, the office was left vacant because none of his officials dared to occupy it. Thus from the year 626 the executive bureau was headed by its two vice-directors, the Shàngshūpúshè.[3] Around this time, probably by Emperor Taizong's orders, the institution of multiple chancellors was formalized, with the heads of the executive, examination, and legislative (which was renamed the Zhōngshūshěng (中書省)) bureaus regarded as the chancellors. As there were often, but not always, more than one head for the examination and legislative bureaus, there were not necessarily only four chancellors. Emperor Taizong's reign also began to designate certain high-level officials, even though they were not heads of one of the bureaus, as chancellors, with titles such as Cānyù Cháozhèng (參豫朝政, literally "participator in the administration's governance"). Yet later in 643, he revised the designation and formalized it as the Tóngzhōngshūménxiàsānpǐn (同中書門下三品, literally meaning "equivalent to the officials with the third rank from the Zhōngshū and the Ménxià") — because the heads of the legislative bureau, the Zhōngshūlǐng (中書令), and the examination bureau, the Shìzhōng (侍中), were of the third rank. These officials were rendered as "chancellors de facto'" Shízhìzǎixiàng (實質宰相) by the Chinese historian Bo Yang in his modern Chinese edition of the Zizhi Tongjian.

Name changes edit

Throughout Tang history, the names of the examination and legislative bureaus were changed multiple times, and so the designation of Tóngzhōngshū Ménxià Sānpǐn was frequently changed in response thereof. For example, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, when the legislative bureau was briefly known as the Zǐwéishěng (紫微省) and the examination bureau the Huángménshěng (黃門省), the chancellors de facto were known as the Tóng Zǐwéi Huángmén Sānpǐn.[4] A lesser designation, with the same powers, was created in 682 during the reign of Emperor Gaozong, and was initially known as the Tóng Zhōngshū Ménxià Píngzhāngshì (同中書門下平章事, literally "equivalent to the participators from the Zhōngshū and the Ménxià"),[1] rendered by Bo as "chancellors de facto second grade." Later in Tang history, after the Anshi Rebellion, while the chancellor-de facto designation was not officially abolished, it was no longer in use, as the last chancellor to be designated as such was Li Lin, in 757–758,[4][5] and the chancellor-de facto-of-second-grade designation became very common[6] and was used for the rest of Tang history. Furthermore, after 705,[7] the heads of the executive bureau were no longer considered chancellors unless they received the chancellor-de facto designation of either kind.[8] Throughout the early dynasty until the second reign of Emperor Ruizong in 710, variations of the Canyu Chaozheng also continued appearing, including Canzhi Jiwu (參知機務, literally "participator in important matters"), Canzhang Jimi (參掌機密, literally "participator in national secret matters"), Canzhi Zhengshi (參知政事, literally "participator in governance matters"), Canmou Zhengshi (參謀政事, similarly in meaning to Canzhi Zhengshi) also appeared, which Bo rendered as "chancellors de facto of the third class."

Function edit

The chancellors periodically met together at the Zhengshi Tang (政事堂, literally "the Hall of State Matters"), originally physically located within the examination bureau. In 683, when Pei Yan, then the head of the examination bureau, became the head of the legislative bureau, the Zhengshi Tang was moved from the examination bureau to the legislative bureau. Later, during Emperor Xuanzong's reign, when Zhang Shuo became chancellor, he changed the name to Zhongshu Menxia (中書門下), apparently employing a double entendre, as when the terms were put together, they meant, "within the doors of the Zhongshu."[9] Zhang also reorganized the Hall by creating five offices under the chancellors—in charge of civil service, state secrets, military matters, governance, and criminal law, respectively.[9] Later in the dynasty—starting during the reign of Emperor Suzong — the chancellors begin to rotate off-days so that at least one would always be on duty; when submissions were to be made to the emperor, they were signed in the names of all chancellors, whether on duty or not. The name of their meeting place also changed back to Zhengshi Tang.[10]

List of Tang chancellors edit

This list also includes the chancellors during the Wu Zhou dynasty of Wu Zetian, even though the propriety of considering it as part of the Tang dynasty is disputed. The list does not include people who served as regional governors who were given the titles as honorific titles. The chancellors under the pretenders Li Yun and Li Yu, Prince of De are listed, but not the chancellors under the pretender Li Chenghong because, while Li Chenghong was described to have multiple chancellors, only two (Yu Kefeng (于可封) and Huo Huan (霍環)) was named in historical accounts, and Yu and Huo's actual titles were not given in those accounts.

Heads of the Executive Bureau edit

The executive bureau had these changes in name:[8]

  • Shangshu Sheng (尚書省) (618–662)
  • Zhong Tai (中臺) (662–670)
  • Shangshu Sheng (670–684)
  • Wenchang Tai (文昌臺) (684)
  • Wenchang Dusheng (文昌都省) (684–685)
  • Wenchang Dutai (文昌都臺) (685–703)
  • Zhong Tai (703–705)
  • Shangshu Sheng (705–907)

Correspondingly, the heads of the executive bureau, considered chancellors from 618 to 705,[7] had these titles during those periods:

  • Shangshu Ling (尚書令) (618–626)
  • Shangshu Puye (尚書僕射) (618–662)
  • Kuangzheng (匡政) (662–670)
  • Shangshu Puye (670–684)
  • Wenchang Xiang (文昌相) (684–705)
  • Shangshu Puye (705–713)
  • Cheng Xiang (丞相) (713–742)
  • Shangshu Puye (742–907)

The men who held the office included (including the Shangshu Puye during Emperor Gaozu's reign, even though at that time the office was for the deputy heads of the Shangshu Sheng):

After 705, the heads of the executive bureau were no longer considered chancellors unless they received the chancellor-de facto designation.

Heads of the Legislative Bureau edit

The leiglsative bureau had these changes in name:[4][8][13]

  • Neishi Sheng (內史省) (618–620)
  • Zhongshu Sheng (中書省) (620–662)
  • Xi Tai (西臺) (662–671)
  • Zhongshu Sheng (671–684)
  • Feng Ge (鳳閣) (684–705)
  • Zhongshu Sheng (705–713)
  • Ziwei Sheng (紫微省) (713–717)
  • Zhongshu Sheng (717–907)

Correspondingly, the heads of the legislative bureau had these titles during those periods:

  • Neishi Ling (內史令) (618–620)
  • Zhongshu Ling (中書令) (620–662)
  • You Xiang (右相) (662–671)
  • Zhongshu Ling (671–684)
  • Neishi (內史) (684–705)
  • Zhongshu Ling (705–713)
  • Ziwei Ling (紫微令) (713–717)
  • Zhongshu Ling (717–742)
  • You Xiang (742–757)
  • Zhongshu Ling (757–907)

The men who held the office included:

Heads of the Examination Bureau edit

The examination bureau had these changes in name:[4][8][13]

  • Menxia Sheng (門下省) (618–662)
  • Dong Tai (東臺) (662–671)
  • Menxia Sheng (671–684)
  • Luan Tai (鸞臺) (684–705)
  • Menxia Sheng (705–713)
  • Huangmen Sheng (黃門省) (713–720)
  • Menxia Sheng (720–907)

Correspondingly, the heads of the examination bureau had these titles during those periods:

  • Nayan (納言) (618–620)
  • Shizhong (侍中) (620–662)
  • Zuo Xiang (左相) (662–671)
  • Shizhong (671–684)
  • Nayan (684–705)
  • Shizhong (705–713)
  • Huangmen Jian (黃門監) (713–720)
  • Shizhong (720–742)
  • Zuo Xiang (742–757)
  • Shizhong (757–907)

The men who held the office included:

Chancellors de facto edit

Prior to formalization edit

  • Du Yan (627–628) (as Canyu Chaozheng (參豫朝政))
  • Wei Zheng (629–632 (as Canyu Chaozheng), 636–642 (as Canyi Deshi (參議得失)))
  • Xiao Yu (630 (as Canyi Chaozheng (參議朝政)), 635–636 (as Canyu Chaozheng))
  • Dai Zhou (630–633) (as Canyu Chaozheng)
  • Hou Junji (630–632, 632–643) (as Canyu Chaozheng)
  • Li Jing (634) (as Pingzhang Zhengshi (平章政事))
  • Liu Ji (639–644) (as Canzhi Zhengshi (參知政事))
  • Cen Wenben (642–644) (as Zhuandian Jimi (專典機密))

Chancellors de facto of the first grade edit

The office was created in 643. The titles, as modified from time to time to reflect the names in changes of the legislative and examination bureaus, included:

Chancellors de facto of the second grade edit

The office was created in 682. The titles, as modified from time to time to reflect the names in changes of the legislative and examination bureaus, included:

  • Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事) (682–684)
  • Tong Fengge Luantai Pingzhangshi (同鳳閣鸞臺平章事) (684–705)
  • Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (705–713)
  • Tong Ziwei Huangmen Pingzhangshi (同紫微黃門平章事) (713–720)
  • Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (720–907)

It was often referred to in brief as Tong Pingzhangshi (同平章事).

Chancellors de facto of the third grade edit

The office recurred as variations of the pre-formalization titles, even after formalization of the chancellors de facto offices of the first and second grades, but did not regularly recur after 713. Liu Youqiu, who held the title as Zhi Junguo Zhongshi, was the last person to hold any variation of the title as chancellor as a regular title, although Pei Du would hold the title of Pingzhang Junguo Zhongshi (平章軍國重事) briefly in 830. Toward the end of the dynasty, Li Zhirou was briefly put temporarily in charge of the Office of the Chancellors in 895 with the designation Quanzhi Zhongshu Shi (權知中書事) and therefore could be regarded as a chancellor as well (and was listed in the table of chancellors in the New Book of Tang); similarly, Lu Guangqi went through two similar titles.

  • Zhang Liang (643–646) (as Canyu Chaozheng (參豫朝政))
  • Chu Suiliang (644–647, 648) (as Canyu Chaozheng)
  • Xu Jingzong (645)[23] (as Tongzhang Jiwu (同掌機務))
  • Gao Jifu (645)[23] (as Tongzhang Jiwu)
  • Zhang Xingcheng (645)[23] (as Tongzhang Jiwu)
  • Cui Renshi (648) (as Canzhi Jiwu (參知機務))
  • Li Yifu (655–657) (as Canzhi Zhengshi (參知政事))
  • Lu Chengqing (659) (as Canzhi Zhengshi)
  • Le Yanwei (665) (as Zhi Junguo Zhengshi (知軍國政事))
  • Sun Chuyue (665) (as Zhi Junguo Zhengshi)
  • Liu Rengui (665–666) (as Zhi Zhengshi (知政事))
  • Zhang Wenguan (667–669) (as Canzhi Zhengshi)
  • Li Dan (710) (as Canmou Zhengshi (參謀政事))
  • Liu Youqiu (710–711 (as Canyu Jiwu (參豫機務)), 713 (as Zhi Junguo Zhongshi (知軍國重事)))
  • Zhong Shaojing (710) (as Canyu Jiwu)
  • Xue Ji (710) (as Canyu Jiwu)
  • Cui Riyong (710) (as Canyu Jiwu)
  • Dou Huaizhen (712) (as Junguo Zhongshi Yigong Pingzhang (軍國重事宜共平章))
  • Pei Du (830) (as Pingzhang Junguo Zhongshi)
  • Li Zhirou (895) as Quanzhi Zhongshu Shi (權知中書事)
  • Lu Guangqi (901 (as Quanju Dang Zhongshu Shi (權句當中書事)), 901–902 (as Canzhi Jiwu))

See also edit

References edit

Generally edit

Specifically edit

  1. ^ a b New Book of Tang, vol. 61.
  2. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 185.
  3. ^ Charles Hucker, A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985), p. 394, entry 4826.
  4. ^ a b c d New Book of Tang, vol. 62.
  5. ^ However, one of Li Lin's contemporaries, Lü Yin, was said to have carried the title as well when he became chancellor in 759 until his removal in 760, but the table of chancellors in the New Book of Tang did not indicate such. See Old Book of Tang, vol. 185, part 2 September 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine and New Book of Tang, vol. 140 2008-09-21 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ^ New Book of Tang, vol. 63.
  7. ^ a b Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 208.
  8. ^ a b c d Bo Yang Edition of the Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 45.
  9. ^ a b New Book of Tang, vol. 46.
  10. ^ Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 225.
  11. ^ a b c Somewhat inconsistent with accounts about Shangshu Puye not being a chancellor post after 705, Doulu, Tang, and Wei were still referred in the table of chancellors while holding those posts during Emperor Zhongzong's second reign. See New Book of Tang, vol. 61.
  12. ^ By this point, Shangshu Puye was ordinarily not considered a position for a chancellor any more. However, the table of chancellors in the New Book of Tang listed Li Chengqi as a chancellor. See New Book of Tang, vol. 61.
  13. ^ a b Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 188.
  14. ^ a b c The table of chancellors in the New Book of Tang, vol. 61, recorded that Pei became Neishi in 685 and became Nayan in 686, but then again recorded in 687 that he became Nayan. According to the chronicles of Wu Zetian's reign in the Old Book of Tang, vol. 6,. Archived from the original on December 25, 2007. Retrieved November 26, 2007., he became Neishi in 685 and Nayan in 687. According to the chronicles of Wu Zetian's reign in the New Book of Tang, vol. 4 . Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved November 26, 2007., he became Neishi in 686 and Nayan in 687.
  15. ^ a b c d e f The table of chancellors in the New Book of Tang had several entries with regard to chancellor movements during Wu Zetian's reign that were considered errant entries (as they were immediately duplicated within other subsequent entries) by both its commentators and Sima Guang, the lead editor of the Zizhi Tongjian, and accordingly, those entries are not considered here. Further, it gave no date for the end of Lu Yuanfang's second stint as chancellor, but the Zizhi Tongjian did. See New Book of Tang, vol. 61.
  16. ^ Zhu Mei, who was the main supporter of the pretender Li Yun, had himself commissioned as Shizhong in 886 during Li Yun's brief reign, but is not listed among the official list of Tang chancellors in the New Book of Tang.
  17. ^ Li Zhongchen joined Zhu Ci's state of Qin in 783 and served as a chancellor for Qin, but the table of chancellors in the New Book of Tang continued to regard Li Zhongchen as a chancellor until he was captured and executed by Tang forces in 784.
  18. ^ Han Huang was not listed in the table of chancellors, perhaps because he was still then military governor (Jiedushi) of Zhenhai Circuit (鎮海, headquartered in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) and therefore arguably only an honorary chancellor, but he was listed in the table of chancellors' family trees, in the New Book of Tang. Compare New Book of Tang, vol. 62, with New Book of Tang, vol. 73.. Archived from the original on February 2, 2009. Retrieved April 8, 2009.. Archived from the original on June 20, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2009..
  19. ^ Zheng Tian was listed in the official list of Tang chancellors for a brief duration in 881 as well; however, at that time, when Emperor Xizong had fled the capital Chang'an in response to the attack by the agrarian rebel Huang Chao, Zheng was serving as the military governor (Jiedushi) of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern Baoji, Shaanxi) in defense against further attacks by Huang, and therefore, despite that listing, he will not be considered a chancellor in 881.
  20. ^ Pei Che served as the chancellor of the pretender Li Yun from 886 to 887, but was not officially removed from his chancellorship for the commonly recognized Emperor Xizong until he was executed in 887.
  21. ^ Xiao Gou served as the chancellor of the pretender Li Yun briefly in 886, but was not officially removed from his chancellorship for the commonly recognized Emperor Xizong until he was executed in 887.
  22. ^ Zheng Changtu is not listed in the official list of Tang chancellors in the New Book of Tang because he served under the pretender Li Yun.
  23. ^ a b c Xu Jingzong, Gao Jifu, and Zhang Xingcheng were referred to as de facto chancellors by the New Book of Tang, vol. 61, but this appeared to be a temporary measure during the Goguryeo campaign with Emperor Taizong out of Tang territory and Li Zhi in charge temporarily. Xu, Gao, Zhang (each of whom would be later made chancellor) were not again referred to as chancellors until they were made chancellors after Emperor Taizong's death, even though they were not explicitly removed.

January 01, 1970
chancellor, tang, dynasty, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Chancellor of the Tang dynasty news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2009 Learn how and when to remove this message The chancellor Chinese 宰相 pinyin zǎixiang was a semi formally designated office position for a number of high level officials at one time during the Tang dynasty of China This list also includes chancellors of the short lived Wu Zhou dynasty which is typically treated as an interregnum of the Tang dynasty by historians Contents 1 Origins 2 Organization 2 1 Early history 2 2 Name changes 2 3 Function 3 List of Tang chancellors 3 1 Heads of the Executive Bureau 3 2 Heads of the Legislative Bureau 3 3 Heads of the Examination Bureau 3 4 Chancellors de facto 3 4 1 Prior to formalization 3 4 2 Chancellors de facto of the first grade 3 4 3 Chancellors de facto of the second grade 3 4 4 Chancellors de facto of the third grade 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Generally 5 2 SpecificallyOrigins editOuyang Xiu the author of the New Book of Tang asserts that the Tang dynasty inherited its bureaucracy from its dynastic predecessor the Sui dynasty under which the founder Emperor Wen of Sui divided his government into five main bureaus Shangshusheng 尚書省 The Department of State Affairs Menxiasheng 門下省 The Chancellery Neishǐsheng 內史省 The Legislative Bureau note different tone than the eunuch bureau below Mishusheng 秘書省 The Palace Library Neishisheng 內侍省 The Eunuch bureau note different tone than the legislative bureau above later changed by Emperor Wen s son Emperor Yang of Sui to Dianneisheng 殿內省 Under Emperor Wen the executive bureau was regarded as the most important and he had his most honored officials such as Gao Jiong Yang Su and Su Wei lead it at various points Its heads were generally regarded as chancellors as it always had two heads known as the Shangshupushe 尚書僕射 Ouyang asserts however that the heads of the examination and legislative bureaus were also considered chancellors 1 Organization editMain article Three Departments and Six Ministries Early history edit The Tang dynasty founder Emperor Gaozu initially followed the Sui s system of governance including the five bureau organization However he deviated from his predecessors by creating a single head for the executive bureau known as the Shangshulǐng 尚書令 and appointed the office to his second son and future emperor Lǐ Shimin 李世民 2 After Li Shimin became emperor in 626 the office was left vacant because none of his officials dared to occupy it Thus from the year 626 the executive bureau was headed by its two vice directors the Shangshupushe 3 Around this time probably by Emperor Taizong s orders the institution of multiple chancellors was formalized with the heads of the executive examination and legislative which was renamed the Zhōngshusheng 中書省 bureaus regarded as the chancellors As there were often but not always more than one head for the examination and legislative bureaus there were not necessarily only four chancellors Emperor Taizong s reign also began to designate certain high level officials even though they were not heads of one of the bureaus as chancellors with titles such as Canyu Chaozheng 參豫朝政 literally participator in the administration s governance Yet later in 643 he revised the designation and formalized it as the Tongzhōngshumenxiasanpǐn 同中書門下三品 literally meaning equivalent to the officials with the third rank from the Zhōngshu and the Menxia because the heads of the legislative bureau the Zhōngshulǐng 中書令 and the examination bureau the Shizhōng 侍中 were of the third rank These officials were rendered as chancellors de facto Shizhizǎixiang 實質宰相 by the Chinese historian Bo Yang in his modern Chinese edition of the Zizhi Tongjian Name changes edit Throughout Tang history the names of the examination and legislative bureaus were changed multiple times and so the designation of Tongzhōngshu Menxia Sanpǐn was frequently changed in response thereof For example during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong when the legislative bureau was briefly known as the Zǐweisheng 紫微省 and the examination bureau the Huangmensheng 黃門省 the chancellors de facto were known as the Tong Zǐwei Huangmen Sanpǐn 4 A lesser designation with the same powers was created in 682 during the reign of Emperor Gaozong and was initially known as the Tong Zhōngshu Menxia Pingzhangshi 同中書門下平章事 literally equivalent to the participators from the Zhōngshu and the Menxia 1 rendered by Bo as chancellors de facto second grade Later in Tang history after the Anshi Rebellion while the chancellor de facto designation was not officially abolished it was no longer in use as the last chancellor to be designated as such was Li Lin in 757 758 4 5 and the chancellor de facto of second grade designation became very common 6 and was used for the rest of Tang history Furthermore after 705 7 the heads of the executive bureau were no longer considered chancellors unless they received the chancellor de facto designation of either kind 8 Throughout the early dynasty until the second reign of Emperor Ruizong in 710 variations of the Canyu Chaozheng also continued appearing including Canzhi Jiwu 參知機務 literally participator in important matters Canzhang Jimi 參掌機密 literally participator in national secret matters Canzhi Zhengshi 參知政事 literally participator in governance matters Canmou Zhengshi 參謀政事 similarly in meaning to Canzhi Zhengshi also appeared which Bo rendered as chancellors de facto of the third class Function edit The chancellors periodically met together at the Zhengshi Tang 政事堂 literally the Hall of State Matters originally physically located within the examination bureau In 683 when Pei Yan then the head of the examination bureau became the head of the legislative bureau the Zhengshi Tang was moved from the examination bureau to the legislative bureau Later during Emperor Xuanzong s reign when Zhang Shuo became chancellor he changed the name to Zhongshu Menxia 中書門下 apparently employing a double entendre as when the terms were put together they meant within the doors of the Zhongshu 9 Zhang also reorganized the Hall by creating five offices under the chancellors in charge of civil service state secrets military matters governance and criminal law respectively 9 Later in the dynasty starting during the reign of Emperor Suzong the chancellors begin to rotate off days so that at least one would always be on duty when submissions were to be made to the emperor they were signed in the names of all chancellors whether on duty or not The name of their meeting place also changed back to Zhengshi Tang 10 List of Tang chancellors editThis list also includes the chancellors during the Wu Zhou dynasty of Wu Zetian even though the propriety of considering it as part of the Tang dynasty is disputed The list does not include people who served as regional governors who were given the titles as honorific titles The chancellors under the pretenders Li Yun and Li Yu Prince of De are listed but not the chancellors under the pretender Li Chenghong because while Li Chenghong was described to have multiple chancellors only two Yu Kefeng 于可封 and Huo Huan 霍環 was named in historical accounts and Yu and Huo s actual titles were not given in those accounts Heads of the Executive Bureau edit The executive bureau had these changes in name 8 Shangshu Sheng 尚書省 618 662 Zhong Tai 中臺 662 670 Shangshu Sheng 670 684 Wenchang Tai 文昌臺 684 Wenchang Dusheng 文昌都省 684 685 Wenchang Dutai 文昌都臺 685 703 Zhong Tai 703 705 Shangshu Sheng 705 907 Correspondingly the heads of the executive bureau considered chancellors from 618 to 705 7 had these titles during those periods Shangshu Ling 尚書令 618 626 Shangshu Puye 尚書僕射 618 662 Kuangzheng 匡政 662 670 Shangshu Puye 670 684 Wenchang Xiang 文昌相 684 705 Shangshu Puye 705 713 Cheng Xiang 丞相 713 742 Shangshu Puye 742 907 The men who held the office included including the Shangshu Puye during Emperor Gaozu s reign even though at that time the office was for the deputy heads of the Shangshu Sheng Li Shimin as Shangshu Ling 618 626 Pei Ji 618 629 Xiao Yu 623 626 627 Feng Deyi 626 627 Zhangsun Wuji 627 628 Fang Xuanling 629 643 643 648 Du Ruhui 629 Li Jing 630 634 Wen Yanbo 636 637 Gao Shilian 638 643 Li Shiji 649 650 Zhang Xingcheng 651 653 Yu Zhining 651 659 Chu Suiliang 653 655 Liu Rengui 675 681 683 685 Dai Zhide 675 679 Su Liangsi 686 690 Wei Daijia 686 689 Wu Chengsi 690 692 Cen Changqian 690 691 Doulu Qinwang 697 698 699 700 705 706 11 Wang Jishan 699 After 705 the heads of the executive bureau were no longer considered chancellors unless they received the chancellor de facto designation Tang Xiujing 705 706 11 Wei Yuanzhong 706 707 11 Li Chengqi 710 12 Li Kuo 763 764 as Shangshu Ling Guo Ziyi 764 as Shangshu Ling Li Maozhen 901 903 as Shangshu Ling Heads of the Legislative Bureau edit The leiglsative bureau had these changes in name 4 8 13 Neishi Sheng 內史省 618 620 Zhongshu Sheng 中書省 620 662 Xi Tai 西臺 662 671 Zhongshu Sheng 671 684 Feng Ge 鳳閣 684 705 Zhongshu Sheng 705 713 Ziwei Sheng 紫微省 713 717 Zhongshu Sheng 717 907 Correspondingly the heads of the legislative bureau had these titles during those periods Neishi Ling 內史令 618 620 Zhongshu Ling 中書令 620 662 You Xiang 右相 662 671 Zhongshu Ling 671 684 Neishi 內史 684 705 Zhongshu Ling 705 713 Ziwei Ling 紫微令 713 717 Zhongshu Ling 717 742 You Xiang 742 757 Zhongshu Ling 757 907 The men who held the office included Xiao Yu 618 623 Dou Wei 618 Feng Deyi 620 626 Yang Gongren 623 626 Li Shimin 625 626 Fang Xuanling 626 629 Yuwen Shiji 626 627 Li Jing 628 630 Wen Yanbo 630 636 Yang Shidao 639 643 645 Cen Wenben 644 645 Ma Zhou 644 648 Zhangsun Wuji 648 649 Chu Suiliang 648 650 Gao Jifu 649 651 Liu Shi 652 654 Lai Ji 655 657 Cui Dunli 655 656 Li Yifu 657 658 663 Du Zhenglun 657 658 Xu Jingzong 658 662 Liu Xiangdao 664 Lu Dunxin 665 666 Liu Rengui 666 670 Yan Liben 668 673 Hao Chujun 675 679 Li Jingxuan 676 680 Xue Yuanchao 681 683 Cui Zhiwen 681 683 Pei Yan 683 684 Qian Weidao 684 685 Pei Judao 685 687 14 Cen Changqian 686 690 Xing Wenwei 690 Doulu Qinwang 693 694 Li Zhaode 694 Wang Jishan 697 699 Wu Sansi 698 15 700 Di Renjie 700 Li Jiao 704 706 709 Yang Zaisi 704 705 705 709 Cui Xuanwei 705 Yuan Shuji 705 Wei Anshi 705 706 711 Wei Yuanzhong 705 706 Zong Chuke 709 710 Xiao Zhizhong 709 710 710 713 Zhong Shaojing 710 Wei Sili 710 Yao Chong 710 711 713 716 Cui Shi 712 713 Zhang Shuo 713 723 726 Zhang Jiazhen 720 723 Xiao Song 729 733 Zhang Jiuling 733 736 Li Linfu 736 752 Yang Guozhong 752 756 Cui Yuan 757 758 Li Fuguo 762 Li Huaiguang 783 784 Li Sheng 784 793 Hun Jian 796 799 Han Hong 819 822 Pei Du 839 Bai Minzhong 860 861 Wei Zhaodu 888 Heads of the Examination Bureau edit The examination bureau had these changes in name 4 8 13 Menxia Sheng 門下省 618 662 Dong Tai 東臺 662 671 Menxia Sheng 671 684 Luan Tai 鸞臺 684 705 Menxia Sheng 705 713 Huangmen Sheng 黃門省 713 720 Menxia Sheng 720 907 Correspondingly the heads of the examination bureau had these titles during those periods Nayan 納言 618 620 Shizhong 侍中 620 662 Zuo Xiang 左相 662 671 Shizhong 671 684 Nayan 684 705 Shizhong 705 713 Huangmen Jian 黃門監 713 720 Shizhong 720 742 Zuo Xiang 742 757 Shizhong 757 907 The men who held the office included Liu Wenjing 618 Dou Kang 618 Chen Shuda 618 626 Pei Ju 624 625 Yuwen Shiji 625 626 Li Yuanji 625 626 Gao Shilian 626 627 Du Ruhui 628 629 Wang Gui 628 633 Wei Zheng 632 636 Yang Shidao 636 639 Liu Ji 644 645 Zhangsun Wuji 645 648 Zhang Xingcheng 650 651 Gao Jifu 651 654 Yuwen Jie 652 653 Cui Dunli 653 655 Han Yuan 655 657 Xu Jingzong 657 658 Xin Maojiang 658 659 Xu Yushi 659 662 Dou Dexuan 664 666 Jiang Ke 668 672 Zhang Wenguan 675 678 Hao Chujun 679 681 Pei Yan 681 683 Liu Jingxian 683 684 Wang Dezhen 684 685 Su Liangsi 685 686 Wei Siqian 686 687 Pei Judao 687 690 14 Wei Xuantong 687 689 Zhang Guangfu 689 Wu Chengsi 689 690 Wu Youning 690 691 691 692 Shi Wuzi 690 691 Zong Qinke 690 Ouyang Tong 691 Yao Shu 694 697 Lou Shide 697 15 699 Di Renjie 698 15 700 Li Jiao 703 704 Wei Anshi 704 705 709 710 Jing Hui 705 Huan Yanfan 705 Wei Yuanzhong 705 Yang Zaisi 705 707 Su Gui 706 707 Wei Juyuan 707 709 Ji Chuna 707 710 Xiao Zhizhong 709 Li Rizhi 711 Dou Huaizhen 711 Liu Youqiu 711 712 713 Cen Xi 712 713 Wei Zhigu 713 714 Lu Huaishen 714 716 Song Jing 716 720 Yuan Qianyao 720 729 Pei Guangting 730 733 Pei Yaoqing 734 736 Niu Xianke 738 742 Li Shizhi 742 746 Chen Xilie 747 754 Wei Jiansu 756 757 Miao Jinqing 757 757 763 Wang Jin 764 Hun Jian 784 796 Ma Sui 785 795 Wang Duo 881 882 Zhu Mei 886 16 Zheng Congdang 886 887 Wei Zhaodu 887 888 Xu Yanruo 896 900 Cui Yin 903 904 Chancellors de facto edit Prior to formalization edit Du Yan 627 628 as Canyu Chaozheng 參豫朝政 Wei Zheng 629 632 as Canyu Chaozheng 636 642 as Canyi Deshi 參議得失 Xiao Yu 630 as Canyi Chaozheng 參議朝政 635 636 as Canyu Chaozheng Dai Zhou 630 633 as Canyu Chaozheng Hou Junji 630 632 632 643 as Canyu Chaozheng Li Jing 634 as Pingzhang Zhengshi 平章政事 Liu Ji 639 644 as Canzhi Zhengshi 參知政事 Cen Wenben 642 644 as Zhuandian Jimi 專典機密 Chancellors de facto of the first grade edit The office was created in 643 The titles as modified from time to time to reflect the names in changes of the legislative and examination bureaus included Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin 同中書門下三品 643 662 Tong Dong Xi Tai Sanpin 同東西臺三品 662 672 Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin 672 684 Tong Fengge Luantai Sanpin 同鳳閣鸞臺三品 684 705 Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin 705 713 Tong Ziwei Huangmen Sanpin 同紫微黃門三品 713 720 Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin 720 738 Xiao Yu 643 646 Li Shiji 643 649 650 670 Gao Shilian 643 647 Zhangsun Wuji 649 659 Yuwen Jie 651 652 Liu Shi 651 652 Gao Jifu 651 653 Yu Zhining 651 659 Chu Suiliang 652 655 Han Yuan 652 655 Lai Ji 652 655 Du Zhenglun 656 657 Cui Dunli 656 Xu Yushi 659 Ren Yaxiang 659 662 Li Yifu 659 662 662 663 Lu Chengqing 659 660 Xu Jingzong 662 670 Shangguan Yi 662 665 Le Yanwei 665 Sun Chuyue 665 Jiang Ke 665 668 Yang Hongwu 667 668 Dai Zhide 667 675 Li Anqi 667 Zhao Renben 667 670 Zhang Wenguan 669 678 Li Jingxuan 669 670 670 676 Hao Chujun 669 679 Liu Rengui 672 675 681 683 Lai Heng 676 678 Xue Yuanchao 676 681 Li Yiyan 676 683 Gao Zhizhou 676 679 Zhang Da an 677 680 Wang Dezhen 680 Pei Yan 680 681 Cui Zhiwen 680 681 Cen Changqian 683 686 690 691 Guo Daiju 683 684 Wei Xuantong 683 687 Wei Hongmin 684 Liu Yizhi 684 687 Wu Chengsi 684 685 690 692 697 Qian Weidao 684 685 Wei Siqian 685 686 Pei Judao 685 14 Wei Fangzhi 685 690 Wei Daijia 685 686 Su Liangsi 686 690 Wang Benli 689 690 Wang Xiaojie 694 696 Wu Sansi 697 705 Doulu Qinwang 697 698 699 700 Wu Youning 698 15 699 Wei Yuanzhong 701 703 705 Su Weidao 702 704 Li Jiongxiu 702 704 Wei Anshi 702 704 Wei Sili 704 709 710 Li Jiao 704 706 707 709 710 Yao Chong 704 705 710 713 Li Dan 705 Zhang Jianzhi 705 Yuan Shuji 705 Yang Zaisi 705 709 Zhu Qinming 705 706 Wei Anshi 705 711 Li Huaiyuan 705 706 706 Tang Xiujing 705 709 710 Wei Juyuan 705 706 707 709 710 Zong Chuke 707 709 Ji Chuna 707 Xiao Zhizhong 707 709 Zhang Renyuan 708 710 Wei Wen 709 710 Su Gui 709 710 Zhang Xi 710 Pei Tan 710 Li Longji 710 Song Jing 710 711 Wei Zhigu 711 712 Cui Shi 711 712 712 713 Lu Xiangxian 712 713 Dou Huaizhen 712 712 713 Cen Xi 712 Liu Youqiu 712 713 Guo Yuanzhen 713 Xue Na 714 Zhang Shuo 721 723 Wang Jun 723 Li Linfu 734 736 Niu Xianke 736 738 Li Lin 757 758 Chancellors de facto of the second grade edit The office was created in 682 The titles as modified from time to time to reflect the names in changes of the legislative and examination bureaus included Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi 同中書門下平章事 682 684 Tong Fengge Luantai Pingzhangshi 同鳳閣鸞臺平章事 684 705 Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi 705 713 Tong Ziwei Huangmen Pingzhangshi 同紫微黃門平章事 713 720 Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi 720 907 It was often referred to in brief as Tong Pingzhangshi 同平章事 Guo Daiju 682 683 Cen Changqian 682 683 Guo Zhengyi 682 683 Wei Xuantong 682 683 Liu Jingxian 682 683 Li Jingchen 684 Shen Junliang 684 685 Cui Cha 684 685 Wei Fangzhi 684 685 Zhang Guangfu 687 689 Qian Weidao 688 Wang Benli 688 689 Fan Lubing 689 690 Xing Wenwei 689 690 Fu Youyi 690 691 Le Sihui 691 Ren Zhigu 691 692 Ge Fuyuan 691 Pei Xingben 691 692 Di Renjie 691 692 697 15 698 Yang Zhirou 692 Li Youdao 692 Yuan Zhihong 692 Cui Shenji 692 Cui Yuanzong 692 694 Li Zhaode 692 694 Yao Shu 692 Li Yuansu 692 694 696 Wang Xuan 692 Lou Shide 693 696 697 Wei Juyuan 693 694 Lu Yuanfang 693 694 699 700 15 Su Weidao 694 694 698 704 Wei Shifang 694 Yang Zaisi 694 699 Du Jingjian 694 697 698 Zhou Yunyuan 694 695 Sun Yuanheng 696 696 Wang Fangqing 696 698 Li Daoguang 696 698 Zong Chuke 697 698 704 Doulu Qinwang 697 698 705 709 Yao Chong 698 704 Li Jiao 698 700 703 Ji Xu 699 700 Wei Yuanzhong 699 701 Wang Jishan 699 Zhang Xi 700 701 Wei Anshi 700 704 Li Huaiyuan 701 Gu Cong 701 702 Li Jiongxiu 701 702 Zhu Jingze 703 704 Tang Xiujing 703 705 Cui Xuanwei 704 705 Zhang Jianzhi 704 705 Fang Rong 704 705 Wei Chengqing 704 705 Yuan Shuji 705 Yu Weiqian 706 707 Cui Shi 709 710 Zhao Yanzhao 709 710 Zheng Yin 709 Cen Xi 710 Zhang Jiafu 710 Guo Yuanzhen 711 Zhang Shuo 711 Dou Huaizhen 711 Lu Xiangxian 711 712 Lu Huaishen 713 715 Yuan Qianyao 716 720 Su Ting 716 720 Zhang Jiazhen 720 Li Yuanhong 726 729 Du Xian 726 729 Xiao Song 728 729 Pei Guangting 729 730 Yuwen Rong 729 Zhang Jiuling 733 Han Xiu 733 Chen Xilie 746 747 Wei Jiansu 754 757 Cui Yuan 756 757 Fang Guan 756 757 Pei Mian 756 757 769 Cui Huan 756 757 Li Lin 756 757 Zhang Gao 757 758 Miao Jinqing 757 Wang Yu 758 759 Lu Yin 759 759 760 Li Xian 759 763 764 Li Kui 759 761 Diwu Qi 759 Xiao Hua 761 762 Pei Zunqing 761 763 Yuan Zai 762 777 Liu Yan 763 764 Wang Jin 764 777 Du Hongjian 764 769 Yang Wan 777 Chang Gun 777 779 Li Zhongchen 779 784 17 Cui Youfu 779 780 Qiao Lin 779 Yang Yan 779 781 Lu Qi 781 783 Zhang Yi 781 782 Guan Bo 782 784 Xiao Fu 783 784 Liu Congyi 783 785 Jiang Gongfu 783 784 Lu Han 784 786 Li Mian 784 786 Zhang Yanshang 785 787 Liu Zi 786 787 Cui Zao 786 Qi Ying 786 787 Han Huang 786 787 18 Liu Hun 787 Li Mi 787 789 Dou Can 789 792 Dong Jin 789 793 Zhao Jing 792 796 Lu Zhi 792 794 Jia Dan 793 805 Lu Mai 793 797 Cui Sun 796 803 Zhao Zongru 796 798 Zheng Yuqing 798 800 805 806 Qi Kang 800 803 Du You 803 812 Gao Ying 803 805 Zheng Xunyu 803 805 Wei Zhiyi 805 Du Huangchang 805 807 Yuan Zi 805 Zheng Yin 805 809 Wu Yuanheng 807 813 815 Li Jifu 807 808 811 814 Yu Di 808 813 Pei Ji 808 810 Li Fan 809 811 Quan Deyu 810 813 Li Jiang 811 814 Zhang Hongjing 814 816 Wei Guanzhi 814 816 Pei Du 815 819 822 826 830 Li Fengji 816 817 822 826 Wang Ya 816 818 833 835 Cui Qun 817 819 Li Yong 817 818 Li Yijian 818 Huangfu Bo 818 820 Cheng Yi 818 819 Linghu Chu 819 820 Xiao Mian 820 821 Duan Wenchang 820 821 Cui Zhi 820 822 Du Yuanying 821 823 Wang Bo 821 822 827 830 Yuan Zhen 822 Niu Sengru 823 825 830 832 Li Cheng 824 826 Dou Yizhi 824 828 Wei Chuhou 826 828 Lu Sui 828 835 Li Zongmin 829 833 834 835 Song Shenxi 830 831 Li Deyu 833 834 840 846 Jia Su 835 Li Guyan 835 836 837 Shu Yuanyu 835 Li Xun 835 Zheng Tan 835 839 Li Shi 835 838 Chen Yixing 837 839 841 842 Yang Sifu 838 840 Li Jue 838 840 Cui Dan 839 841 Cui Gong 840 843 Li Shen 842 844 Li Rangyi 842 846 Cui Xuan 843 845 849 855 Du Cong 844 845 861 863 Li Hui Tang dynasty 845 846 Zheng Su 845 846 Bai Minzhong 846 851 Lu Shang 846 847 Cui Yuanshi 847 848 Wei Cong 847 848 Ma Zhi 848 849 Zhou Chi 848 849 Wei Fu 849 850 Cui Guicong 850 851 Linghu Tao 850 859 Wei Mo 851 857 Pei Xiu 852 856 Zheng Lang 856 857 Cui Shenyou 856 858 Xiao Ye 857 859 Liu Zhuan 858 Xiahou Zi 858 860 862 864 Jiang Shen 858 862 Du Shenquan 859 863 Bi Xian 860 863 Yang Shou 863 866 Cao Que 863 870 Xiao Zhi 864 865 Lu Yan 864 871 Gao Qu 865 Xu Shang 865 869 Yu Cong 867 872 Liu Zhan 869 870 874 Wei Baoheng 870 873 Wang Duo 870 873 877 879 Liu Ye 871 874 Zhao Yin 872 874 Xiao Fang 873 875 Pei Tan 874 Cui Yanzhao 874 877 Zheng Tian 874 878 882 883 19 Lu Xi 874 878 879 880 Li Wei 875 878 Doulu Zhuan 878 880 Cui Hang 878 880 Zheng Congdang 878 880 883 886 Wang Hui 880 881 Pei Che 880 881 883 887 20 Xiao Gou 881 887 21 Zheng Changtu 886 22 Wei Zhaodu 881 887 893 895 Kong Wei 886 891 895 Du Rangneng 886 893 Zhang Jun 887 891 Liu Chongwang 889 892 Cui Zhaowei 891 895 Xu Yanruo 891 893 894 900 Zheng Yanchang 892 894 Cui Yin 893 895 895 896 896 899 900 901 903 904 Zheng Qi 894 Li Xi 894 895 Lu Xisheng 895 Wang Tuan 895 896 896 900 Sun Wo 895 897 Lu Yi 896 899 903 Zhu Pu 896 897 Cui Yuan 896 900 904 905 Pei Zhi 900 903 Wang Pu 901 903 Pei Shu 901 903 905 Wei Yifan 902 902 Su Jian 902 903 Dugu Sun 903 905 Liu Can 904 905 Zhang Wenwei 905 907 Yang She 905 907 Chancellors de facto of the third grade edit The office recurred as variations of the pre formalization titles even after formalization of the chancellors de facto offices of the first and second grades but did not regularly recur after 713 Liu Youqiu who held the title as Zhi Junguo Zhongshi was the last person to hold any variation of the title as chancellor as a regular title although Pei Du would hold the title of Pingzhang Junguo Zhongshi 平章軍國重事 briefly in 830 Toward the end of the dynasty Li Zhirou was briefly put temporarily in charge of the Office of the Chancellors in 895 with the designation Quanzhi Zhongshu Shi 權知中書事 and therefore could be regarded as a chancellor as well and was listed in the table of chancellors in the New Book of Tang similarly Lu Guangqi went through two similar titles Zhang Liang 643 646 as Canyu Chaozheng 參豫朝政 Chu Suiliang 644 647 648 as Canyu Chaozheng Xu Jingzong 645 23 as Tongzhang Jiwu 同掌機務 Gao Jifu 645 23 as Tongzhang Jiwu Zhang Xingcheng 645 23 as Tongzhang Jiwu Cui Renshi 648 as Canzhi Jiwu 參知機務 Li Yifu 655 657 as Canzhi Zhengshi 參知政事 Lu Chengqing 659 as Canzhi Zhengshi Le Yanwei 665 as Zhi Junguo Zhengshi 知軍國政事 Sun Chuyue 665 as Zhi Junguo Zhengshi Liu Rengui 665 666 as Zhi Zhengshi 知政事 Zhang Wenguan 667 669 as Canzhi Zhengshi Li Dan 710 as Canmou Zhengshi 參謀政事 Liu Youqiu 710 711 as Canyu Jiwu 參豫機務 713 as Zhi Junguo Zhongshi 知軍國重事 Zhong Shaojing 710 as Canyu Jiwu Xue Ji 710 as Canyu Jiwu Cui Riyong 710 as Canyu Jiwu Dou Huaizhen 712 as Junguo Zhongshi Yigong Pingzhang 軍國重事宜共平章 Pei Du 830 as Pingzhang Junguo Zhongshi Li Zhirou 895 as Quanzhi Zhongshu Shi 權知中書事 Lu Guangqi 901 as Quanju Dang Zhongshu Shi 權句當中書事 901 902 as Canzhi Jiwu See also editPrime Minister of the Imperial Cabinet Grand chancellor China References editGenerally edit Old Book of Tang vols 42 43 New Book of Tang vols 46 47 61 1 2 62 63 Bo Yang Edition of the Zizhi Tongjian vol 45 pp 217 269 Bo Yang Outlines of the History of the Chinese 中國人史綱 vol 2 pp 499 503 Specifically edit a b New Book of Tang vol 61 Zizhi Tongjian vol 185 Charles Hucker A Dictionary of Official Titles in Imperial China Stanford Stanford University Press 1985 p 394 entry 4826 a b c d New Book of Tang vol 62 However one of Li Lin s contemporaries Lu Yin was said to have carried the title as well when he became chancellor in 759 until his removal in 760 but the table of chancellors in the New Book of Tang did not indicate such See Old Book of Tang vol 185 part 2 Archived September 17 2008 at the Wayback Machine and New Book of Tang vol 140 Archived 2008 09 21 at the Wayback Machine New Book of Tang vol 63 a b Zizhi Tongjian vol 208 a b c d Bo Yang Edition of the Zizhi Tongjian vol 45 a b New Book of Tang vol 46 Zizhi Tongjian vol 225 a b c Somewhat inconsistent with accounts about Shangshu Puye not being a chancellor post after 705 Doulu Tang and Wei were still referred in the table of chancellors while holding those posts during Emperor Zhongzong s second reign See New Book of Tang vol 61 By this point Shangshu Puye was ordinarily not considered a position for a chancellor any more However the table of chancellors in the New Book of Tang listed Li Chengqi as a chancellor See New Book of Tang vol 61 a b Zizhi Tongjian vol 188 a b c The table of chancellors in the New Book of Tang vol 61 recorded that Pei became Neishi in 685 and became Nayan in 686 but then again recorded in 687 that he became Nayan According to the chronicles of Wu Zetian s reign in the Old Book of Tang vol 6 舊唐書 本紀 卷一至十三 Archived from the original on December 25 2007 Retrieved November 26 2007 he became Neishi in 685 and Nayan in 687 According to the chronicles of Wu Zetian s reign in the New Book of Tang vol 4 唐書 本紀 第一至十 Archived from the original on October 11 2007 Retrieved November 26 2007 he became Neishi in 686 and Nayan in 687 a b c d e f The table of chancellors in the New Book of Tang had several entries with regard to chancellor movements during Wu Zetian s reign that were considered errant entries as they were immediately duplicated within other subsequent entries by both its commentators and Sima Guang the lead editor of the Zizhi Tongjian and accordingly those entries are not considered here Further it gave no date for the end of Lu Yuanfang s second stint as chancellor but the Zizhi Tongjian did See New Book of Tang vol 61 Zhu Mei who was the main supporter of the pretender Li Yun had himself commissioned as Shizhong in 886 during Li Yun s brief reign but is not listed among the official list of Tang chancellors in the New Book of Tang Li Zhongchen joined Zhu Ci s state of Qin in 783 and served as a chancellor for Qin but the table of chancellors in the New Book of Tang continued to regard Li Zhongchen as a chancellor until he was captured and executed by Tang forces in 784 Han Huang was not listed in the table of chancellors perhaps because he was still then military governor Jiedushi of Zhenhai Circuit 鎮海 headquartered in modern Zhenjiang Jiangsu and therefore arguably only an honorary chancellor but he was listed in the table of chancellors family trees in the New Book of Tang Compare New Book of Tang vol 62 with New Book of Tang vol 73 漢川草廬 二十四史 新唐書 卷七十三 表第十三 Archived from the original on February 2 2009 Retrieved April 8 2009 新唐書 宰相世系三 韓氏 Archived from the original on June 20 2010 Retrieved April 8 2009 Zheng Tian was listed in the official list of Tang chancellors for a brief duration in 881 as well however at that time when Emperor Xizong had fled the capital Chang an in response to the attack by the agrarian rebel Huang Chao Zheng was serving as the military governor Jiedushi of Fengxiang Circuit 鳳翔 headquartered in modern Baoji Shaanxi in defense against further attacks by Huang and therefore despite that listing he will not be considered a chancellor in 881 Pei Che served as the chancellor of the pretender Li Yun from 886 to 887 but was not officially removed from his chancellorship for the commonly recognized Emperor Xizong until he was executed in 887 Xiao Gou served as the chancellor of the pretender Li Yun briefly in 886 but was not officially removed from his chancellorship for the commonly recognized Emperor Xizong until he was executed in 887 Zheng Changtu is not listed in the official list of Tang chancellors in the New Book of Tang because he served under the pretender Li Yun a b c Xu Jingzong Gao Jifu and Zhang Xingcheng were referred to as de facto chancellors by the New Book of Tang vol 61 but this appeared to be a temporary measure during the Goguryeo campaign with Emperor Taizong out of Tang territory and Li Zhi in charge temporarily Xu Gao Zhang each of whom would be later made chancellor were not again referred to as chancellors until they were made chancellors after Emperor Taizong s death even though they were not explicitly removed Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chancellor of the Tang dynasty amp oldid 1197856749, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.