The zhaleika (Russian: жале́йка), also known as bryolka (брёлка), is the Slavic wind instrument, most used in Belarusian, Russian and sometimes Ukrainian ethnic music.[1] Also known as a "folk clarinet" or hornpipe. The zhaleika was eventually incorporated into the balalaika band, the Hungarian tarogato, and may have contributed to the development of the chalumeau, a predecessor of the clarinet.[2]
The zhaleika consists of a single reed that can be covered by a mouthpiece (or "wind cap"). The design consists of a wooden barrel (pipe) with finger holes and a flared bell that can be made of either natural or man-made materials.[1] It can either consist of a single or a double pipe.
The single pipe is about 10–20 cm long with 3 to 7 finger holes. The reed is made out of either cane or goose feather, and the end bell is made of cow horn or birch bark. The double type consists of two pipes and one bell, and is found mainly in the southern parts of Russia.[3]
Tuning
The zhaleika has diatonic tuning and comes in various keys (G,A,D, sometimes C,E,F). It has a natural or "normal" soprano voice, but can perform in alto or piccolo forms. It is tuned by adjusting the reed and can be tuned to the major scale or mixolydian mode with flattened 7th note. Only an octave's worth of notes can be played.[1] Its timbre is described as "piercing and nasal, sad and compassionate".[3] There are some chromatic variations of modern zhaleika too.
Origination and uses
The zhaleika was a shepherd's instrument used to perform solos, duets, or ensemble pieces. The earliest single-reed pipe instruments date back to about 2700 BCE in Egypt, where most of these instruments most commonly had double pipes and used idioglot reeds.[4] The earliest evidence of the zhaleika was in A. Tuchkov's notes dating back to the late 18th century. It was widely spread in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and Lithuania, but now can only be seen in folk music orchestras. In 1900, V. V. Andreyev incorporated a modified zhaleika - called bryolka - into orchestras. It consisted of a double-reed oboe type with additional finger holes and vents for chromatic scale.[4]
In Slavic cultures zhaleika was a well known funeral instrument and its name is near to a word that means "compassionate". Zhaleika sounds in many compositions of Belarusian folk-metal band Znich, Ukrainian metal bands Chur and HASPYD, Ukrainian ethnic band DakhaBrakha. Zhaleika sound like a one piped bagpipe.
zhaleika, zhaleika, russian, жале, йка, also, known, bryolka, брёлка, slavic, wind, instrument, most, used, belarusian, russian, sometimes, ukrainian, ethnic, music, also, known, folk, clarinet, hornpipe, zhaleika, eventually, incorporated, into, balalaika, ba. The zhaleika Russian zhale jka also known as bryolka bryolka is the Slavic wind instrument most used in Belarusian Russian and sometimes Ukrainian ethnic music 1 Also known as a folk clarinet or hornpipe The zhaleika was eventually incorporated into the balalaika band the Hungarian tarogato and may have contributed to the development of the chalumeau a predecessor of the clarinet 2 ZhaleikaZhaleikaWoodwind instrumentOther namesZhalomeika sopel pishchelka fletnya duda zgaleyka zhalijka rizhokClassificationSingle reed aerophoneHornbostel Sachs classification422 211 2TimbrePiercing and nasal sad and compassionateVolumeHighAttackFastDecayFastRelated instrumentsHornpipe clarinet pishchikiMusiciansV V Andreyev Contents 1 Construction and design 2 Tuning 3 Origination and uses 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksConstruction and design EditThe zhaleika consists of a single reed that can be covered by a mouthpiece or wind cap The design consists of a wooden barrel pipe with finger holes and a flared bell that can be made of either natural or man made materials 1 It can either consist of a single or a double pipe The single pipe is about 10 20 cm long with 3 to 7 finger holes The reed is made out of either cane or goose feather and the end bell is made of cow horn or birch bark The double type consists of two pipes and one bell and is found mainly in the southern parts of Russia 3 Tuning EditThe zhaleika has diatonic tuning and comes in various keys G A D sometimes C E F It has a natural or normal soprano voice but can perform in alto or piccolo forms It is tuned by adjusting the reed and can be tuned to the major scale or mixolydian mode with flattened 7th note Only an octave s worth of notes can be played 1 Its timbre is described as piercing and nasal sad and compassionate 3 There are some chromatic variations of modern zhaleika too Origination and uses EditThe zhaleika was a shepherd s instrument used to perform solos duets or ensemble pieces The earliest single reed pipe instruments date back to about 2700 BCE in Egypt where most of these instruments most commonly had double pipes and used idioglot reeds 4 The earliest evidence of the zhaleika was in A Tuchkov s notes dating back to the late 18th century It was widely spread in Russia Belarus Ukraine and Lithuania but now can only be seen in folk music orchestras In 1900 V V Andreyev incorporated a modified zhaleika called bryolka into orchestras It consisted of a double reed oboe type with additional finger holes and vents for chromatic scale 4 In Slavic cultures zhaleika was a well known funeral instrument and its name is near to a word that means compassionate Zhaleika sounds in many compositions of Belarusian folk metal band Znich Ukrainian metal bands Chur and HASPYD Ukrainian ethnic band DakhaBrakha Zhaleika sound like a one piped bagpipe See also EditGanurags Birbyne Hornpipe Clarinet Erke ErkenchoReferences Edit a b c LaPasha Robin 2006 Zhaleika The Russ Wind Homepage Retrieved 16 September 2013 Kroll O 1968 The Clarinet New York NY Taplinger Publishing Company a b Zhaleika Russia InfoCentre 2009 Retrieved 16 September 2013 a b Midgley Ruth 1976 Musical Instruments of the World An Illustrated Encyclopedia Facts on File ISBN 9780816013098 External links EditHORNPIPES Russian Zhaleika Tunesian Ma gru nah SEAN FOLSOM on YouTube Zhaleika on YouTube Pictorial instructional on how to make a zhaleika in Russian This article relating to single reed instruments is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zhaleika amp oldid 1115923841, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
