Lamia (city)
Lamia (Greek: Λαμία, Lamía, pronounced [laˈmi.a]) is a city in central Greece. The city dates back to antiquity, and is today the capital of the regional unit of Phthiotis and of the Central Greece region (comprising five regional units). According to the 2021 census, the Municipality of Lamia has a population of 66,657 while Lamia itself has 47,529 inhabitants. The city is located on the slopes of Mount Othrys, near the river Spercheios. It serves as the agricultural center of a fertile rural and livestock area.
Lamia Λαμία | |
|---|---|
Clockwise from top: Panoramic view of the City of Lamia from Lamia Castle, Statue of Athanasios Diakos, Eleutheria's Square in downtown Lamia, Mansion of the Central Greece Administration, and Lamia Castle. | |
Seal | |
Lamia Location within the region | |
| Coordinates: 38°54′N 22°26′E / 38.900°N 22.433°E | |
| Country | Greece |
| Administrative region | Central Greece |
| Regional unit | Phthiotis |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Papaioannou Panourgias |
| Area | |
| • Municipality | 947.0 km2 (365.6 sq mi) |
| • Municipal unit | 413.5 km2 (159.7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 100 m (300 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 225 m (738 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 20 m (70 ft) |
| Population (2021)[1] | |
| • Municipality | 66,657 |
| • Density | 70/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| • Municipal unit | 58,289 |
| • Municipal unit density | 140/km2 (370/sq mi) |
| • Community | 47,529 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 351 00 |
| Area code(s) | 22310 |
| Vehicle registration | ΜΙ |
| Website | https://www.lamia.gr/ |
Name edit
One account says that the city was named after the mythological figure of Lamia, the daughter of Poseidon and queen of the Trachineans. Another holds that it is named after the Malians, the inhabitants of the surrounding area. In the Middle Ages, Lamia was called Zetounion (Ζητούνιον), a name first encountered in the 8th Ecumenical Council in 869. It was known as Girton under Frankish rule following the Fourth Crusade and later El Citó when it was controlled by the Catalan Company of mercenaries. In Turkish, it was sometimes called İzdin or İzzeddin.[2] The city was also known as Zeitoun.[3]
History edit
Archaeological excavations have shown the site of Lamia to have been inhabited since at least the Bronze Age (3rd millennium BC).[4]
In antiquity, the city played an important role due to its strategic location, controlling the narrow coastal plain above Thermopylae that connected southern Greece with Thessaly and the rest of the Balkans. The city formed a polis (city-state).[5] The city was therefore fortified in the 5th century BC, and was contested by the Macedonians, Thessalians and Aetolians until the Roman conquest in the early 2nd century BC.[4] After Alexander the Great's death in 323 BC, the Athenians and other Greeks rebelled against Macedonian overlordship. Antipatros, the regent of Macedon, took refuge behind the substantial walls of the city (Lamian War, 323–322 BC). The war ended with the death of the Athenian general Leosthenes, and the arrival of a 20,000-strong Macedonian army. Lamia prospered afterwards, especially in the 3rd century BC under Aetolian hegemony, which came to an end when Manius Acilius Glabrio sacked the city in 190 BC.
Little is known of the city's history for a number of centuries after that. In Late Antiquity, the city was the seat of a bishop (attested since 431), suffragan of Larissa,[6][7] but had declined to obscurity: for instance, it is not shown on the 5th-century Tabula Peutingeriana. Some archaeological remains from the period have been found in the Castle (the city's ancient acropolis), including a basilica, coins and marble inscriptions, while the walls of the Castle are thought to have been rebuilt under Justinian I in the 6th century.[7] The Synecdemus of Hierocles includes Lamia among the 16 cities of the province of Thessaly.[8]
The city was occupied by Slavs in the 7th century, and re-appears only in 869/70 under the name of Zetounion (Ζητοῦνιον), probably deriving from a Slavic word for "grain".[4][6][7] The city played once more a role in the Byzantine–Bulgarian wars of the late 10th century due to its vicinity to Thermopylae: it was near the town that the Byzantine general Nikephoros Ouranos scored a crushing victory over Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria in the Battle of Spercheios in 997.[7] The city was visited by Emperor Basil II in his triumphal journey to Greece in 1018, and in 1165, the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela recorded 50 Jewish families in the city and of raids by the neighbouring Vlachs.[6]
Following the Fourth Crusade (1204), the city was captured by the Frankish crusaders. Initially, it was given as a fief to the Knights Templar, who rebuilt its fortress.[4][6][9] In 1209–10 the Templars were evicted due to their support to the rebellion of the Lombard barons of the Kingdom of Thessalonica. The Latin Emperor Henry of Flanders confiscated the city (and neighbouring Ravennika) and made it an imperial domain under a bailli, possibly Rainerio of Travale.[9] Under Frankish rule, it was the seat of a Roman Catholic bishop (Dioecesis Sidoniensis or Cythoniensis), probably a suffragan of the Latin Archbishop of Neopatras.[6] In c. 1218/20, or shortly after 1223, the two towns were captured by the Epirote Greeks.[4][10][11] Lamia remained in Greek hands until it was surrendered again to the Franks of the Duchy of Athens in 1275 as part of the dowry of Helena Angelina Komnene, daughter of John I Doukas, ruler of Thessaly.[4][12] It thereby again became a Catholic see.[13]
The Catalans held the city from 1318 until 1391, when it passed to the Acciaioli Dukes of Athens. The fortress was razed by the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I in 1394.[7][13] After the disastrous Battle of Ankara in 1402, the weakened Ottomans were forced to return some territories, including the region of Zetounion, to Byzantine rule. The Turks besieged the city for two years sometime before 1415, but the Byzantines resisted successfully. Sometime between 1424 and July 1426, however, the city had been once more conquered by the Turks.[14] Apart from an attack by the troops of the Despotate of the Morea in 1444, which plundered the city,[13] from then on the town remained under firm Ottoman control until it became part of the newly independent Kingdom of Greece in 1832.[4] Until the annexation of Thessaly in 1881, it was a border city (the borders were drawn at a site known as "Taratsa" just north of Lamia).
Climate edit
Lamia has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa) with humid subtropical (Cfa) influences due to the lack of a distinct dry season. It has 4 distinct seasons: winter, spring, summer and autumn. The cold and wet period lasts from late October to mid April and the warm, moderately dry period from mid April to late October, with transitional phases in between. The record lowest temperature ever in Lamia is −12.6 °C (9.3 °F), recorded in December 2001 and the record highest is 46.5 °C (115.7 °F) °C, recorded during the summer of 1973.[15]
| Climate data for Lamia airport, Central Greece 1991–2020 normals and extremes, (precipitation 1970–2010), 143.4 m asl | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.0 (77.0) | 26.7 (80.1) | 34.2 (93.6) | 35.3 (95.5) | 37.6 (99.7) | 44.6 (112.3) | 46.5 (115.7) | 45.4 (113.7) | 40.4 (104.7) | 37.3 (99.1) | 30.0 (86.0) | 28.0 (82.4) | 46.5 (115.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.3 (54.1) | 13.8 (56.8) | 16.9 (62.4) | 21.1 (70.0) | 26.7 (80.1) | 31.8 (89.2) | 33.7 (92.7) | 33.4 (92.1) | 29.2 (84.6) | 23.6 (74.5) | 17.9 (64.2) | 13.1 (55.6) | 22.8 (73.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.0 (37.4) | 3.6 (38.5) | 5.7 (42.3) | 8.8 (47.8) | 13.4 (56.1) | 17.5 (63.5) | 19.2 (66.6) | 18.8 (65.8) | 15.5 (59.9) | 12.1 (53.8) | 7.9 (46.2) | 4.6 (40.3) | 10.8 (51.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −7 (19) | −10 (14) | −6.9 (19.6) | −1.0 (30.2) | 3.0 (37.4) | 9.0 (48.2) | 12.6 (54.7) | 12.8 (55.0) | 7.4 (45.3) | −1.2 (29.8) | −3.6 (25.5) | −12.6 (9.3) | −12.6 (9.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 63.8 (2.51) | 60.7 (2.39) | 59.7 (2.35) | 42.3 (1.67) | 33.3 (1.31) | 19.3 (0.76) | 21.1 (0.83) | 21.3 (0.84) | 23.7 (0.93) | 65.4 (2.57) | 73.2 (2.88) | 72.5 (2.85) | 556.3 (21.89) |
| Source: Info Climat climate averages,[16] HNMS rainfall [17] | |||||||||||||
Landmarks edit
- Lamia Castle, the city's fortified Acropolis
- Platia Eleftherias (Freedom Square) - site of the towns independence day parade, and main cathedral. Also has many cafes with outdoor seating.
- Platia Diakou (Diakos Square) - square containing the statue of Athanasios Diakos
- Platia Parkou (Park Square)
- Platia Laou (People's Square) - square featuring the statue of Aris Velouchiotis
Transport edit
Road edit
Highway 1 passes close to the city , while Central Greece Highway (Highway 3) is under construction , which will start south of Lamia. Interurban KTEL station serves transfers to and from Lamia.[18]
Bus edit
The urban KTEL of the city serves the transport of the apartments and settlements of the Municipality of Lamia. Also, in Lamia there are several taxi "piazzas". City taxis are red. In addition, cycle paths operate within Lamia.
Rail edit
The city is served by Lamta railway station, with Regional services to Leianokladi and Stylida.[19]
Air transport edit
Lamia Airport is located 2 kilometres from the Old Lamia-Athens National Road. The airport belongs to the Air Force and has no commercial or passenger traffic. It is used in emergency situations. The Aeroclub of Fthiotida also uses it for its activities.
Administration edit
The municipality Lamia was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 5 former municipalities, that became municipal units:[20]
- Gorgopotamos
- Lamia
- Leianokladi (Lianokladi)
- Pavliani
- Ypati
The municipality has an area of 947.006 km2, the municipal unit 413.482 km2.[21]
List of mayors edit
The mayors of Lamia from 1881 to 2023 were as follows:[22][23]
| 1836 - 1916 | 1916 - 1945 |
|---|---|
|
|
| 1945 - 1981 | 1981 - Present |
|---|---|
|
|
Education edit
Six departments of the University of Thessaly based in the city.
Historical population edit
| Year | Municipal unit | Municipality |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | 41,846 | - |
| 1991 | 55,445 | - |
| 2001 | 58,601 | - |
| 2011 | 64,716 | 75,315 |
| 2021 | 58,289 | 66,657 |
Notable people edit
- Athanasios Diakos (1788–1821) Greek military commander during the Greek War of Independence, died in Lamia
- Dimitrios Giatzis (1891–1964) Army officer
- Ioannis Paparrodou (1904–1941) Army Officer
- Aris Velouchiotis (nom de guerre of Athanasios Klaras) (1905–1945), leader of the World War II guerrilla resistance (Greek People's Liberation Army)
- Ilias Tsirimokos (1907–1968) politician, former Prime Minister of Greece
- Thanos Leivaditis (1934–2005) actor and screenwriter
- Dimitris Koutsoumpas (1955) General Secretary of the Communist Party of Greece
- Niki Bakoyianni (1968) high jumper (Olympic silver medalist)
- Christos Staikouras (1973) economist, politician, New Democracy's Coordinator of Economic Affairs, Minister of Finance
- Evgenia Dimitropoulou (1984) actress
International relations edit
Sporting teams edit
Lamia has some sport clubs that play in the higher national divisions. For a period of one season, Lamia hosted the Athenian basketball club Panellinios B.C. The main clubs of Lamia are shown below.
| Sport clubs based in Lamia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Club | Founded | Sports | Achievements |
| Lamia F.C. | 1964 | Football | Presence in Superleague |
| G.S. Lamias Achilleus | 1976 | Volleyball | Presence in A1 Ethniki |
| Ionikos Lamias B.C. | 1992 | Basketball | Earlier presence in A2 Ethniki |
| Nireas Lamias | 1998 | Water Polo | Presence in A1 Ethniki |
Gallery edit
- Lamia and Thermopylae by Louis Dupré, 1827
- Panoramic view
- Young Dionysus statue, AM of Lamia
- Michou mansion
- Gorgopotamos Bridge near Lamia
- Elassona mansion
- Mansion of the Central Greece Administration
- The courthouse
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
- ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-24. Retrieved 2011-05-23.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Arrowsmith, John. Turkey in Europe. 1832.
- ^ a b c d e f g . ODYSSEUS Portal (in Greek). Hellenic Ministry of Culture. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2012.
- ^ Mogens Herman Hansen & Thomas Heine Nielsen (2004). "Thessaly and Adjacent Regions". An inventory of archaic and classical poleis. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 712–713. ISBN 0-19-814099-1.
- ^ a b c d e Koder & Hild 1976, p. 283.
- ^ a b c d e Kazhdan 1991, p. 1171.
- ^ Koder & Hild 1976, p. 52.
- ^ a b Van Tricht 2011, p. 169.
- ^ Van Tricht 2011, p. 170.
- ^ Koder & Hild 1976, pp. 283–284.
- ^ Koder & Hild 1976, p. 72.
- ^ a b c Koder & Hild 1976, p. 284.
- ^ Koder & Hild 1976, pp. 77, 284.
- ^ . 2011-11-22. Archived from the original on 2011-11-22. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
- ^ "Normales et records climatologiques 1991-2020 à Lamia - Infoclimat".
- ^ "Κλιματικά Δεδομένα ανά Πόλη- ΜΕΤΕΩΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ, ΕΜΥ, Εθνική Μετεωρολογική Υπηρεσία".
- ^ Υπεραστικό ΚΤΕΛ Φθιώτιδας
- ^ (PDF) (in Greek). TrainOSE. 2013-01-19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-19.
- ^ "ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
- ^ (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-21.
- ^ "Διατελέσαντες Δήμαρχοι | Δήμος Λαμιέων". www.lamia.gr. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ "Municipality of Lamia".
- ^ "Αδελφοποιήσεις". lamia.gr (in Greek). Lamia. Retrieved 2020-01-10.
- ^ . mytilene.gr (in Greek). Mytilene. Archived from the original on 2020-01-29. Retrieved 2020-01-10.
Sources edit
- Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). "Lamia". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1171. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
- Koder, Johannes; Hild, Friedrich (1976). Tabula Imperii Byzantini, Band 1: Hellas und Thessalia (in German). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. ISBN 978-3-7001-0182-6.
- Van Tricht, Filip (2011). The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228). Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-20323-5.
- Πάλλης, Γιώργος (2020). Από τη Λαμία στο Ζητούνι: Ανασυνθέτοντας μια μικρή βυζαντινή πόλη. Αθήνα: Gutenberg. ISBN 978-960-01-2095-0.
External links edit
- Municipality of Lamia (in Greek and English)