The most important source for the early history of Zazzau is a chronicle composed in the early 20th century from an oral tradition. It tells the traditional story of the foundation of the Hausa kingdoms by Bayajidda an Arab adventurer from Baghdad, and gives a list of rulers along with the length of their reigns. According to this chronology, the original Hausa or Habe kingdom is said to date from the 11th century, founded by King Gunguma.[2] This source also makes it one of the seven Hausa Bakwai states. Zazzau's most famous early ruler was Queen (or princess) Amina, who ruled either in the mid-15th or mid-16th centuries, and was held by Muhammed Bello, an early 19th-century Hausa historian and the second Sultan of Sokoto, to have been the first to establish a kingdom among the Hausa.[3]
Zazzau was a collection point for slaves to be delivered to the northern markets of Kano and Katsina, where they were exchanged for salt with traders who carried them north of the Sahara.[4] According to the history in the chronicle, Islam was introduced to the kingdom around 1456, but appears to have spread slowly, and pagan rituals continued until the Fulani conquest of 1808. At several times in its history, Zazzau was subject to neighboring states such as Songhai, Bornu and Kwararafa.[5]
Mosque of the palace
Later Fulani emirate
In December 1808 the kingdom was captured in the Fulani jihad.[6] The Hausa (Habe) ruler had escaped to Abuja, where he established a state now known as the Suleja Emirate, retaining his independence and the title of "Sarkin Zazzau". The ruler of the modern Zazzau Emirate also uses the title "Sarkin Zazzau" or "Sarkin Zaria". After the jihad, the culturally similar but pastoral or nomadic Fulani intermarried with the more settled Habe farmers, and the people of the Emirate today are generally known as Hausa-Fulani. The government of the Zaria Emirate differed from other emirates created at this time in that offices were rarely hereditary, but were appointed based on merit or obligation.[5]
Rulers
Hausa kingdom
Names and Dates taken from John Stewart's African States and Rulers (1989).[7]
Capitals (c. 1010 – c. 1578): Turunku, Wuciciri, Rikoci, Kawar[8]
Start
End
Ruler
c. 1010
?
Gunguma
?
?
Matani (or Matazo)
?
?
Tumso (or Tumsah)
?
?
Tamusa
?
?
Sulimano
?
?
Nasabo (or Maswaza)
?
?
Danzaki (or Dinzaki)
?
?
Saiwago (or Nayoga)
?
?
Kwasari (or Kauchi)
?
?
Nwaiku (or Nawainchi)
?
?
Besekal (or Machikai)
?
?
Kuna (or Kewo)
?
?
Bashikarr
?
?
Maji Dadi (or Majidada)
?
?
Kirari (or Dihirahi)
?
?
Jenhako (or Jinjiku)
?
1505
Sukana
1505
1530
Rabon Bawa (or Monan Abu)
1530
1532
Gudumua Muska (or Gidan Dan Masukanan)
1532
1535
Tukuariki (or Nohir)
1535
1536
Uwan (or Kawanissa)
1536
1539
Bakwa Turunku (female ruler)
1539
1566
Ibrihimu
1566
1576
Karama
1576
1578
Kafow
The kingdom's name changed to Zaria at the end of the 16th century.[8]
Capital (c. 1578 – 1835): Zaria (originally founded in 1536 and named after Chief Bakwa's daughter Zaria)[9]
Start
End
Ruler
1578
1584
Ali
1584
1597
Bako Majirua
1597
1608
Bako Su Aliyu
1608
1611
Bako Mahama Gabi (or Gadi)
1611
1611
Bako Hamza (ruled for one day)
1611
1618
Bako Abdu Ashkuku (or Abdaku)
1618
1621
Bako Brima (or Burema)
1621
1646
Bako Ali
1646
1647
Bako Majam Rubu
1647
1660
Bako Brima
1660
1670
Bako Shukunu
1670
1678
Bako Aliyu
1678
1682
Bako Brima Hasko
1682
1710
Bako Mahama Rubo
1710
1718
Bako
1718
1727
Bako Aliyu
1727
1736
Bako Dan Musa
1736
1738
Bako Ishihako (or Ishaq)
1738
1750
Bako Makam Danguma
1750
1757
Bako Ruhawa
1757
1758
Bako Makam Gaba
1758
1760
Bako Mair ari Ashaka Okao
1760
1762
Kao
1762
1764
Bako Bawa
1764
1770
Yonusa
1770
1788
Baba (or Yakuba)
1788
1793
Aliyu
1793
1795
Chikkoku
1795
1796
Mai haman Maigano
1796
1802
Ishihako Jatao (or Ishaq Jatao)
1802
1804
Makkam (or Muhamman Makau)
Independent Fulani rulers
The gate before renovation in 1970
The kingdom was taken over by the Fulani Empire in 1804 and became an emirate in 1835.[9] The Hausa rulers went into exile and founded Abuja.[9] The emirate was taken by the British in 1902.[9]
^ abM. G. Smith, International African Institute. (1960). "Government in Zazzau, 1800-1950". Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
^ abc"Traditional States of Nigeria". WorldStatesmen.org. Retrieved 2010-09-01.
^Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. pp. 297–298. ISBN0-89950-390-X.
^ abStewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 298. ISBN0-89950-390-X.
^ abcdefgStewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. p. 297. ISBN0-89950-390-X.
^"Just in Emir of Zaria Shehu Idris dies at 84". 20 September 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
May 13, 2023
zazzau, this, article, about, traditional, state, city, formerly, named, zaria, also, known, zaria, emirate, traditional, state, with, headquarters, city, zaria, kaduna, state, nigeria, current, emir, alhaji, ahmed, nuhu, bamalli, succeeded, former, emir, late. This article is about the traditional state For the city formerly named Zazzau see Zaria The Zazzau also known as the Zaria Emirate is a traditional state with headquarters in the city of Zaria Kaduna State Nigeria The current emir of Zazzau is H E Alhaji Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli CFR who succeeded the former emir late Alhaji Shehu Idris 1 ZazzauTraditional stateGate to the palace of the emir of ZazzauFlagZazzauCoordinates 11 04 N 7 42 E 11 067 N 7 700 E 11 067 7 700Country NigeriaStateKaduna StateGovernment TypeMonarch EmirAhmed Nuhu Bamalli Contents 1 Early Hausa kingdom 2 Later Fulani emirate 3 Rulers 3 1 Hausa kingdom 3 2 Independent Fulani rulers 3 3 Colonial period and later rulers 4 External links 5 ReferencesEarly Hausa kingdom EditThe most important source for the early history of Zazzau is a chronicle composed in the early 20th century from an oral tradition It tells the traditional story of the foundation of the Hausa kingdoms by Bayajidda an Arab adventurer from Baghdad and gives a list of rulers along with the length of their reigns According to this chronology the original Hausa or Habe kingdom is said to date from the 11th century founded by King Gunguma 2 This source also makes it one of the seven Hausa Bakwai states Zazzau s most famous early ruler was Queen or princess Amina who ruled either in the mid 15th or mid 16th centuries and was held by Muhammed Bello an early 19th century Hausa historian and the second Sultan of Sokoto to have been the first to establish a kingdom among the Hausa 3 Zazzau was a collection point for slaves to be delivered to the northern markets of Kano and Katsina where they were exchanged for salt with traders who carried them north of the Sahara 4 According to the history in the chronicle Islam was introduced to the kingdom around 1456 but appears to have spread slowly and pagan rituals continued until the Fulani conquest of 1808 At several times in its history Zazzau was subject to neighboring states such as Songhai Bornu and Kwararafa 5 Mosque of the palaceLater Fulani emirate EditIn December 1808 the kingdom was captured in the Fulani jihad 6 The Hausa Habe ruler had escaped to Abuja where he established a state now known as the Suleja Emirate retaining his independence and the title of Sarkin Zazzau The ruler of the modern Zazzau Emirate also uses the title Sarkin Zazzau or Sarkin Zaria After the jihad the culturally similar but pastoral or nomadic Fulani intermarried with the more settled Habe farmers and the people of the Emirate today are generally known as Hausa Fulani The government of the Zaria Emirate differed from other emirates created at this time in that offices were rarely hereditary but were appointed based on merit or obligation 5 Rulers EditHausa kingdom Edit Names and Dates taken from John Stewart s African States and Rulers 1989 7 Capitals c 1010 c 1578 Turunku Wuciciri Rikoci Kawar 8 Start End Rulerc 1010 Gunguma Matani or Matazo Tumso or Tumsah Tamusa Sulimano Nasabo or Maswaza Danzaki or Dinzaki Saiwago or Nayoga Kwasari or Kauchi Nwaiku or Nawainchi Besekal or Machikai Kuna or Kewo Bashikarr Maji Dadi or Majidada Kirari or Dihirahi Jenhako or Jinjiku 1505 Sukana1505 1530 Rabon Bawa or Monan Abu 1530 1532 Gudumua Muska or Gidan Dan Masukanan 1532 1535 Tukuariki or Nohir 1535 1536 Uwan or Kawanissa 1536 1539 Bakwa Turunku female ruler 1539 1566 Ibrihimu1566 1576 Karama1576 1578 KafowThe kingdom s name changed to Zaria at the end of the 16th century 8 Capital c 1578 1835 Zaria originally founded in 1536 and named after Chief Bakwa s daughter Zaria 9 Start End Ruler1578 1584 Ali1584 1597 Bako Majirua1597 1608 Bako Su Aliyu1608 1611 Bako Mahama Gabi or Gadi 1611 1611 Bako Hamza ruled for one day 1611 1618 Bako Abdu Ashkuku or Abdaku 1618 1621 Bako Brima or Burema 1621 1646 Bako Ali1646 1647 Bako Majam Rubu1647 1660 Bako Brima1660 1670 Bako Shukunu1670 1678 Bako Aliyu1678 1682 Bako Brima Hasko1682 1710 Bako Mahama Rubo1710 1718 Bako1718 1727 Bako Aliyu1727 1736 Bako Dan Musa1736 1738 Bako Ishihako or Ishaq 1738 1750 Bako Makam Danguma1750 1757 Bako Ruhawa1757 1758 Bako Makam Gaba1758 1760 Bako Mair ari Ashaka Okao1760 1762 Kao1762 1764 Bako Bawa1764 1770 Yonusa1770 1788 Baba or Yakuba 1788 1793 Aliyu1793 1795 Chikkoku1795 1796 Mai haman Maigano1796 1802 Ishihako Jatao or Ishaq Jatao 1802 1804 Makkam or Muhamman Makau Independent Fulani rulers Edit The gate before renovation in 1970 The kingdom was taken over by the Fulani Empire in 1804 and became an emirate in 1835 9 The Hausa rulers went into exile and founded Abuja 9 The emirate was taken by the British in 1902 9 Rulers of the independent Fulani emirate 6 Start End Ruler1804 9 17 May 1821 Malam Musa ibn Suleiman Ibn Muhammad1804 1825 Muhamman Makau Hausa ruler in exile 9 June 1821 1834 Yamusa ibn Mallam Kilba1825 1828 Abu Ja Hausa ruler in exile 9 1834 18 December 1846 Abd al Karim ibn Abbas6 January 1846 28 February 1846 Hammada ibn Yamusa15 Apr 1846 Apr 1853 Muhammad Sani ibn YamusaApr 1853 Dec 1853 Sidi Abd al Qadir ibn MusaJan 1854 5 Aug 1857 Abd as Salam ibn Muhammad Ka i21 Sep 1857 Oct Nov 1871 Abd Allah ibn Hammada 1st time 22 Nov 1871 Jun Jul 1874 Abu Bakr ibn Musa d 1873 Aug Sep 1874 Nov Dec 1879 Abd Allah ibn Hammada 2nd time 26 Dec 1879 Jan 1888 Muhammad Sambo ibn Abd al KarimJan 1888 13 Feb 1897 Uthman Yero ibn Abd Allah d 1897 17 Apr 1897 Mar 1902 Muhammad Lawal Kwassau ibn Uthman YeroColonial period and later rulers Edit Rulers of the independent Fulani emirate 6 Start end RulersMarch 1903 8 April 1903 Sulayman regent from 11 Sep 1902 8 April 1903 9 November 1920 Ali ibn Abd al Qadir d 1924 1920 1924 Dallatu ibn Uthman Yero1924 1936 Ibrahim ibn Muhammad Lawal Kwassau b c 1886 d 1936 1937 August 1959 Malam Jafar ibn Ishaq b 1891 d 1959 September 1959 4 February 1975 Muhammad al Amin ibn Uthman b 1908 d 1975 8 February 1975 20 September 2020 Shehu Idris b 1936 d 2020 10 7 October 2020 Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli b 1966 to date External links EditDan Isaacs September 28 2010 Nigeria s emirs Power behind the throne BBC News Retrieved 2010 09 29 References Edit Isa Liman 4 January 2010 Zazzau Emirate Council to Send Man Who Lost Private Part Abroad for Treatment Daily Trust Retrieved 2010 09 29 E J Arnett A Hausa Chronicle Journal of the Royal African Society 9 1910 Muhammad Bello Infaq l Maysuur chapter 7 translated Muhammad Shareef Sennar Sudan 2008 http www siiasi org Chapter 207 20 Infaaq pdf Zaria Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 2010 09 29 a b M G Smith International African Institute 1960 Government in Zazzau 1800 1950 Oxford University Press Retrieved 2010 09 29 a b c Traditional States of Nigeria WorldStatesmen org Retrieved 2010 09 01 Stewart John 1989 African States and Rulers London McFarland pp 297 298 ISBN 0 89950 390 X a b Stewart John 1989 African States and Rulers London McFarland p 298 ISBN 0 89950 390 X a b c d e f g Stewart John 1989 African States and Rulers London McFarland p 297 ISBN 0 89950 390 X Just in Emir of Zaria Shehu Idris dies at 84 20 September 2020 Retrieved 20 September 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zazzau amp oldid 1153052648, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
