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Baudin's black cockatoo

August 25, 2023

Baudin's black cockatoo (Zanda baudinii), also known as Baudin's cockatoo or the long-billed black cockatoo, is a species of genus Zanda found in southwest Australia. The epithet commemorates the French explorer Nicolas Baudin. It has a short crest on the top of its head, and the plumage is mostly greyish black. It has prominent white cheek patches and a white tail band. The body feathers are edged with white giving a scalloped appearance. Adult males have a dark grey beak and pink eye-rings. Adult females have a bone coloured beak, grey eye-rings and ear patches that are paler than those of the males.

Baudin's black cockatoo
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Cacatuidae
Genus: Zanda
Species:
Z. baudinii
Binomial name
Zanda baudinii
(Lear, 1832)
Range in red, within Australia
Synonyms
  • Calyptorhynchus baudinii Lear, 1832
  • Calyptorhynchus baudinii baudinii Lear, 1832
  • Calyptorhynchus funereus baudinii Lear, 1832

Taxonomy and naming Edit

Baudin's black cockatoo was depicted in 1832 by the English artist Edward Lear in his Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae, or Parrots from a specimen owned by the naturalist Benjamin Leadbeater. Lear used the common name "Baudin's cockatoo" and coined the binomial name Calyptorhynchus baudinii.[2] The common name and specific epithet commemorate the French explorer Nicolas Baudin, who led an expedition to Australia in 1801-1804.[3] The species is now placed in the genus Zanda that was introduced in 1913 by the Australian born ornithologist Gregory Mathews.[4][5]

Carnaby's black cockatoo (Zanda latirostris) and Baudin's black cockatoo were previously classified as the same species.[6] Common names include Baudin's black cockatoo or long-billed black cockatoo.[7]

The two Western Australian white-tailed black cockatoo species, the short-billed Carnaby's black cockatoo and this long-billed Baudin's black cockatoo, together with the yellow-tailed black cockatoo Zanda funerea of eastern Australia are allied in the genus Zanda. Previously this genus was considered a subgenus of Calyptorhynchus, with the red-tailed black cockatoo and glossy black cockatoos forming another subgenus, Calyptorhynchus, but due to a deep genetic divergence between the two groups they are now widely treated as separate genera.[8] The two genera differ in tail colour, head pattern, juvenile food begging calls and the degree of sexual dimorphism. Males and females of Calyptorhynchus sensu stricto have markedly different plumage, whereas those of Zanda have similar plumage.[9]

The three species of the genus Zanda have been variously considered as two, then as a single species for many years. In a 1979 paper, Australian ornithologist Denis Saunders highlighted the similarity between the short-billed and the southern race xanthanotus of the yellow-tailed and treated them as a single species with the long-billed as a distinct species. He proposed that Western Australia had been colonised on two separate occasions, once by a common ancestor of all three forms (which became the long-billed black cockatoo), and later by what has become the short-billed black cockatoo.[10] However, an analysis of protein allozymes published in 1984 revealed the two Western Australian forms to be more closely related to each other than to the yellow-tailed,[11] and the consensus since then has been to treat them as three separate species.[9]

Description Edit

Baudin's black cockatoo is about 56 cm (22 in) long. It is mostly dark-grey with narrow vague light-grey scalloping, which is produced by narrow pale-grey margins at the tip of dark-grey feathers. It has a crest of short feathers on its head, and it has whitish patches of feathers that cover its ears. Its lateral tail feathers are white with black tips, and the central tail feathers are all black. The irises are dark brown and the legs are brown-grey. Its beak is longer and narrower than that of the closely related and similar Carnaby's black cockatoo.[12]

The adult male has a dark grey beak and pink eye-rings. The adult female has a bone coloured beak, grey eye-rings, and its ear patches are paler than that of the male. Juveniles have a bone coloured beak, grey eye-rings, and have less white in the tail feathers.[12]

One individual had reached an age of 47 years by 1996.[13]

Distribution and habitat Edit

 
Illustration by Herbert Goodchild, 1916–17

The Baudin's black cockatoo is one of two species of white-tailed black cockatoo endemic to south-western Australia which were only separated taxonomically in 1948. It is closely associated with moist, heavily forested areas dominated by marri Corymbia calophylla and is threatened by habitat destruction.

Conservation Edit

The range of threats to the declining population, estimated to be between ten and fifteen thousand remaining individuals, has been since 2021 listed with the conservation status of Critically Endangered by IUCN.[1]

The bird is part of an annual census, the Great Cocky Count, that has been held every year since 2009 to track the population change of Baudin's and other black cockatoos.[14]

Sites identified by BirdLife International as being important for Baudin's black cockatoo conservation are Araluen-Wungong, Gidgegannup, Jalbarragup, Mundaring-Kalamunda, North Dandalup, the Stirling Range and The Lakes.[15]

Gallery Edit

  •  

    Female ...

  •  

    and male at Margaret River, Western Australia

  •  

    Photo of men taking nest in large tree, Emu, 1903

References Edit

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International 2022. Zanda baudinii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T22684727A210840935. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22684727/210840935. Downloaded on 29 July 2022.
  2. ^ Lear, Edward (1831). Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae, or Parrots. London: Published by the author. Plate 26.
  3. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  4. ^ Mathews, Gregory M. (1913). "Additions and corrections to my reference list". Austral Avian Record. 1 (8): 187–196 [196].
  5. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Parrots, cockatoos". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  6. ^ Saunders, Denis (1974). "Subspeciation in the White-tailed Black Cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus baudinii, in Western Australia". Wildlife Research. 1: 55. doi:10.1071/WR9740055.
  7. ^ Christidis, Les and Walter E. Boles (2008) Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6
  8. ^ White, Nicole E.; Phillips, Matthew J.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Alfaro-Núñez, Alonzo; Willerslev, Eske; Mawson, Peter R.; Spencer, Peter B.S.; Bunce, Michael (June 2011). "The evolutionary history of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 59 (3): 615–622. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.011. PMID 21419232.
  9. ^ a b Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter E (2008). Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. Canberra: CSIRO Publishing. pp. 150–51. ISBN 978-0-643-06511-6.
  10. ^ Saunders, Denis A (1979). "Distribution and taxonomy of the White-tailed and Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoos Calyptorhynchus spp". Emu. 79 (4): 215–27. doi:10.1071/MU9790215.
  11. ^ Adams, M; Baverstock, PR; Saunders, DA; Schodde, R; Smith, GT (1984). "Biochemical systematics of the Australian cockatoos (Psittaciformes: Cacatuinae)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 32 (3): 363–77. doi:10.1071/ZO9840363.
  12. ^ a b Forshaw (2006). plate 1.
  13. ^ Brouwer K, Jones M, King C, Schifter H (2000). "Longevity records for Psittaciformes in captivity". International Zoo Yearbook. 37: 299–316. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1090.2000.tb00735.x.
  14. ^ "Record number of volunteers sign up for Great Cocky Count". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  15. ^ . Important Bird Areas. BirdLife International. 2012. Archived from the original on 2001-11-28. Retrieved 2012-11-04.

Cited texts Edit

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zanda baudinii.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Zanda baudinii.
  • BirdLife Species Factsheet
  • Western Australian Museum website Cockatoo Care page
  • A Runcible Cockatoo, TaxonomyAustralia – An account of the taxonomic difficulties associated with Baudin's black cockatoo

August 25, 2023
baudin, black, cockatoo, zanda, baudinii, also, known, baudin, cockatoo, long, billed, black, cockatoo, species, genus, zanda, found, southwest, australia, epithet, commemorates, french, explorer, nicolas, baudin, short, crest, head, plumage, mostly, greyish, . Baudin s black cockatoo Zanda baudinii also known as Baudin s cockatoo or the long billed black cockatoo is a species of genus Zanda found in southwest Australia The epithet commemorates the French explorer Nicolas Baudin It has a short crest on the top of its head and the plumage is mostly greyish black It has prominent white cheek patches and a white tail band The body feathers are edged with white giving a scalloped appearance Adult males have a dark grey beak and pink eye rings Adult females have a bone coloured beak grey eye rings and ear patches that are paler than those of the males Baudin s black cockatooConservation statusCritically Endangered IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder PsittaciformesFamily CacatuidaeGenus ZandaSpecies Z baudiniiBinomial nameZanda baudinii Lear 1832 Range in red within AustraliaSynonymsCalyptorhynchus baudinii Lear 1832 Calyptorhynchus baudinii baudinii Lear 1832 Calyptorhynchus funereus baudinii Lear 1832 Contents 1 Taxonomy and naming 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Conservation 5 Gallery 6 References 7 Cited texts 8 External linksTaxonomy and naming EditBaudin s black cockatoo was depicted in 1832 by the English artist Edward Lear in his Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae or Parrots from a specimen owned by the naturalist Benjamin Leadbeater Lear used the common name Baudin s cockatoo and coined the binomial name Calyptorhynchus baudinii 2 The common name and specific epithet commemorate the French explorer Nicolas Baudin who led an expedition to Australia in 1801 1804 3 The species is now placed in the genus Zanda that was introduced in 1913 by the Australian born ornithologist Gregory Mathews 4 5 Carnaby s black cockatoo Zanda latirostris and Baudin s black cockatoo were previously classified as the same species 6 Common names include Baudin s black cockatoo or long billed black cockatoo 7 The two Western Australian white tailed black cockatoo species the short billed Carnaby s black cockatoo and this long billed Baudin s black cockatoo together with the yellow tailed black cockatoo Zanda funerea of eastern Australia are allied in the genus Zanda Previously this genus was considered a subgenus of Calyptorhynchus with the red tailed black cockatoo and glossy black cockatoos forming another subgenus Calyptorhynchus but due to a deep genetic divergence between the two groups they are now widely treated as separate genera 8 The two genera differ in tail colour head pattern juvenile food begging calls and the degree of sexual dimorphism Males and females of Calyptorhynchus sensu stricto have markedly different plumage whereas those of Zanda have similar plumage 9 The three species of the genus Zanda have been variously considered as two then as a single species for many years In a 1979 paper Australian ornithologist Denis Saunders highlighted the similarity between the short billed and the southern race xanthanotus of the yellow tailed and treated them as a single species with the long billed as a distinct species He proposed that Western Australia had been colonised on two separate occasions once by a common ancestor of all three forms which became the long billed black cockatoo and later by what has become the short billed black cockatoo 10 However an analysis of protein allozymes published in 1984 revealed the two Western Australian forms to be more closely related to each other than to the yellow tailed 11 and the consensus since then has been to treat them as three separate species 9 Description EditBaudin s black cockatoo is about 56 cm 22 in long It is mostly dark grey with narrow vague light grey scalloping which is produced by narrow pale grey margins at the tip of dark grey feathers It has a crest of short feathers on its head and it has whitish patches of feathers that cover its ears Its lateral tail feathers are white with black tips and the central tail feathers are all black The irises are dark brown and the legs are brown grey Its beak is longer and narrower than that of the closely related and similar Carnaby s black cockatoo 12 The adult male has a dark grey beak and pink eye rings The adult female has a bone coloured beak grey eye rings and its ear patches are paler than that of the male Juveniles have a bone coloured beak grey eye rings and have less white in the tail feathers 12 One individual had reached an age of 47 years by 1996 13 Distribution and habitat Edit Illustration by Herbert Goodchild 1916 17The Baudin s black cockatoo is one of two species of white tailed black cockatoo endemic to south western Australia which were only separated taxonomically in 1948 It is closely associated with moist heavily forested areas dominated by marri Corymbia calophylla and is threatened by habitat destruction Conservation EditThe range of threats to the declining population estimated to be between ten and fifteen thousand remaining individuals has been since 2021 listed with the conservation status of Critically Endangered by IUCN 1 The bird is part of an annual census the Great Cocky Count that has been held every year since 2009 to track the population change of Baudin s and other black cockatoos 14 Sites identified by BirdLife International as being important for Baudin s black cockatoo conservation are Araluen Wungong Gidgegannup Jalbarragup Mundaring Kalamunda North Dandalup the Stirling Range and The Lakes 15 Gallery Edit Female and male at Margaret River Western Australia Photo of men taking nest in large tree Emu 1903References Edit a b BirdLife International 2022 Zanda baudinii The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022 e T22684727A210840935 https www iucnredlist org species 22684727 210840935 Downloaded on 29 July 2022 Lear Edward 1831 Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae or Parrots London Published by the author Plate 26 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm p 68 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Mathews Gregory M 1913 Additions and corrections to my reference list Austral Avian Record 1 8 187 196 196 Gill Frank Donsker David Rasmussen Pamela eds July 2021 Parrots cockatoos IOC World Bird List Version 11 2 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 30 July 2021 Saunders Denis 1974 Subspeciation in the White tailed Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus baudinii in Western Australia Wildlife Research 1 55 doi 10 1071 WR9740055 Christidis Les and Walter E Boles 2008 Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds ISBN 978 0 643 06511 6 White Nicole E Phillips Matthew J Gilbert M Thomas P Alfaro Nunez Alonzo Willerslev Eske Mawson Peter R Spencer Peter B S Bunce Michael June 2011 The evolutionary history of cockatoos Aves Psittaciformes Cacatuidae Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59 3 615 622 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2011 03 011 PMID 21419232 a b Christidis Les Boles Walter E 2008 Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds Canberra CSIRO Publishing pp 150 51 ISBN 978 0 643 06511 6 Saunders Denis A 1979 Distribution and taxonomy of the White tailed and Yellow tailed Black Cockatoos Calyptorhynchus spp Emu 79 4 215 27 doi 10 1071 MU9790215 Adams M Baverstock PR Saunders DA Schodde R Smith GT 1984 Biochemical systematics of the Australian cockatoos Psittaciformes Cacatuinae Australian Journal of Zoology 32 3 363 77 doi 10 1071 ZO9840363 a b Forshaw 2006 plate 1 Brouwer K Jones M King C Schifter H 2000 Longevity records for Psittaciformes in captivity International Zoo Yearbook 37 299 316 doi 10 1111 j 1748 1090 2000 tb00735 x Record number of volunteers sign up for Great Cocky Count Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2 April 2014 Retrieved 15 September 2016 Baudin s Black Cockatoo Important Bird Areas BirdLife International 2012 Archived from the original on 2001 11 28 Retrieved 2012 11 04 Cited texts EditForshaw Joseph M 2006 Parrots of the World an Identification Guide Illustrated by Frank Knight Princeton University Press ISBN 0 691 09251 6 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zanda baudinii Wikispecies has information related to Zanda baudinii BirdLife Species Factsheet Non lethal deterrent system for Baudin s cockatoo vulnerable species Western Australian Museum website Cockatoo Care page A Runcible Cockatoo TaxonomyAustralia An account of the taxonomic difficulties associated with Baudin s black cockatoo Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Baudin 27s black cockatoo amp oldid 1143833106, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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