"Yngvi-Freyr builds the Uppsala temple" (1830) by Hugo Hamilton.
A torc, the so-called "Ring of Pietroassa", part of a late third to fourth century Gothichoard discovered in Romania, is inscribed in much-damaged runes, one reading of which is gutanī [i(ng)]wi[n] hailag "to Ingwi[n] of the Goths holy".[2]
Old Norse Yngvi as well as Old High German Inguin and Old English Ingƿine are all derived from the Proto-Germanic *Ingwaz. Sound changes in late-Proto-Germanic transformed *Ingwaz into *Ingwi(z) in the nominative case and *Ingwin in the accusative case. His epithet *Fraujaz appears in Old Norse compounds Ingvifreyr and Ingunarfreyr. In Beowulf we see Hrothgar called (OE) fréa inguina, which means 'Lord of the Inguins', i.e. lord of the Ingvaeones, the 'friends of Ing'. This strongly indicates that the two deities, Ing and Freyr are indeed the same. The Ingvaeones, who occupied a territory roughly equivalent to modern Denmark, Frisia and the Low Countries at the turn of the millennium, were mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Natural Histories as one of "five Germanic tribes". Tacitus asserts their descent from the three sons of Mannus or *Mannaz cognate with Manus in Hinduism, the 'first man', of whom *Ingwaz may have been one. Other names that retain the theonym are Inguiomerus or Ingemar and Yngling, the name of an old Scandinavian dynasty.[3]
The ŋ rune (with variants and ) together with Peorð and Eihwaz is among the problematic cases of runes of uncertain derivation unattested in early inscriptions. The rune first appears independently on the futhark row of the Kylver Stone, and is altogether unattested as an independent rune outside of such rows. There are a number of attestations of the i͡ŋbind rune or (the "lantern rune", similar in shape to the Anglo-Saxon gēr rune ᛄ), but its identification is disputed in most cases, since the same sign may also be a cipher rune of wynn or thurisaz. The earliest case of such an i͡ŋ bindrune of reasonably certain reading is the inscription mari͡ŋs (perhaps referring to the "Mærings" or Ostrogoths[citation needed]) on the silver buckle of Szabadbattyán, dated to the first half 5th century and conserved at the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest.[4]
"ᛝ Ing was first amidst the East Danes seen by men, until he eastward over the sea departed; his wagon ran after. Thus the Heardings named that hero."
Norse mythology
In Norse mythology, Yngvi, alternatively spelled Yngve, was the progenitor of the Yngling lineage, a legendary dynasty of Swedish kings, from whom also the earliest historical Norwegian kings claimed to be descended. Yngvi is a name of the god Freyr, perhaps Freyr's true name, as freyr means 'lord' and has probably evolved from a common invocation of the god.
In the Íslendingabók (written in the early twelfth century by the Icelandic priest Ari Þorgilsson) Yngvi Tyrkja konungr 'Yngvi king of Turkey' appears as the father of Njörðr who in turn is the father of Yngvi-Freyr, ancestor of the Ynglings. According to the Skjöldunga saga (a lost epic from 1180 to 1200, saved only partially in other sagas and later translation) Odin came from Asia and conquered Northern Europe. He gave Sweden to his son Yngvi and Denmark to his son Skjöldr. Since then the kings of Sweden were called Ynglings and those of Denmark Skjöldungs.
In the Gesta Danorum (late twelfth century, by Saxo Grammaticus) and in the Ynglinga saga (ca. 1225, by Snorri Sturluson), Freyr is euhemerized as a king of Sweden. In the Ynglinga saga, Yngvi-Freyr reigned in succession to his father Njörðr who had – in this variant – succeeded Odin. In the Historia Norwegiæ (written around 1211), in contrast, Ingui is the first king of Sweden, and the father of a certain Neorth, in his turn the father of Froyr: "Rex itaque Ingui, quem primum Swethiæ monarchiam rexisse plurimi astruunt, genuit Neorth, qui vero genuit Froy; hos ambos tota illorum posteritas per longa sæcula ut deos venerati sunt. Froyr vero genuit Fiolni, qui in dolio medonis dimersus est […]"
In the introduction to his Edda (originally composed around 1220) Snorri Sturluson claimed again that Odin reigned in Sweden and relates: "Odin had with him one of his sons called Yngvi, who was king in Sweden after him; and those houses come from him that are named Ynglings." Snorri here does not identify Yngvi and Freyr, although Freyr occasionally appears elsewhere as a son of Odin instead of a son of Njörðr.
In the Skáldskaparmál section of his Prose Edda Snorri brings in the ancient king Halfdan the Old who is the father of nine sons whose names are all words meaning "king" or "lord" in Old Norse, as well as of nine other sons who are the forefathers of various royal lineages, including "Yngvi, from whom the Ynglings are descended". But rather oddly Snorri immediately follows this with information on what should be four other personages who were not sons of Halfdan but who also fathered dynasties, and names the first of these again as "Yngvi, from whom the Ynglings are descended". In the related account in the Ættartolur "Genealogies" attached to Hversu Noregr byggðist, the name Skelfir appears instead of Yngvi in the list of Halfdan's sons.
The Ynglinga Saga section of Snorri's Heimskringla (around 1230) introduces a second Yngvi, son of Alrekr, who is a descendant of Yngvi-Freyr and who shared the Swedish kingship with his brother Álf (seeYngvi and Alf).
Given names and family names
The element Ing(o)- was widely used in Germanic names from an early period; it is not clear whether it originally referred to the Ingaevones, or to the god Yngwi directly. Inguiomer (Inguiomarus) was a relative of the CheruscianArminius in the first century.[5]Ingundis was a wife of the Frankish king Chlothar I, whose son Charibert I married an Ingoberga (all in the sixth century). Other combinations such as masculine Inguin, Ingulf, Ingobald, feminine Inghildis, Ingedrudis, Ingoflidis, as well as the short forms Ingo (masculine) and Inga (feminine) are recorded in the early medieval period (seventh to ninth centuries).[6] In Scandinavia and Germany, and areas where these groups settled, names beginning with Ing survived into modern usage, e.g.Ingmar, Ingvar, Ingvild, Ingeborg, Ingrid, Ingegerd and the family name Ingalls.
Millrind - a heraldic charge sometimes depicted as ᛝ
References
^Seibricke, Wilfried (1996). Historisches Duteches Vornamenbuch (in German). de Gruyter. p. 712. ISBN3-11-014445-X.
^North, Richard (1997). Heathen Gods in Old English Literature. Cambridge University Press. p. 132 and note 16. ISBN978-0-521-55183-0.
^Cf. for a grammar of Proto-Germanic from the University of Texas at Austin: . Archived from the original on 2007-06-23. Retrieved 2010-03-07..
^J.H. Looijenga, Runes Around The North Sea And On The Continent Ad 150-700, Ph.D. dissertation, Groningen 1997, p. 80.
^Krappe, Alexander H. "YNGVI-FREY AND AENGUS MAC OC". In: Scandinavian Studies 17, no. 5 (1943): 174. Accessed March 30, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40915560.
yngvi, norse, ˈyŋɡwe, high, german, ingwi, english, ingƿine, names, that, relate, theonym, which, appears, have, been, older, name, freyr, proto, germanic, ingwaz, legendary, ancestor, ingaevones, more, accurately, ingvaeones, also, reconstructed, name, elder,. Old Norse Yngvi ˈyŋɡwe Old High German Ing Ingwi 1 and Old English Ingƿine are names that relate to a theonym which appears to have been the older name for the god Freyr Proto Germanic Ingwaz was the legendary ancestor of the Ingaevones or more accurately Ingvaeones and is also the reconstructed name of the Elder Futhark rune ᛜ and Anglo Saxon rune ᛝ representing ŋ Yngvi Freyr builds the Uppsala temple 1830 by Hugo Hamilton A torc the so called Ring of Pietroassa part of a late third to fourth century Gothic hoard discovered in Romania is inscribed in much damaged runes one reading of which is gutani i ng wi n hailag to Ingwi n of the Goths holy 2 Contents 1 Etymology 2 The Ingwaz rune 3 Norse mythology 4 Given names and family names 5 See also 6 ReferencesEtymology EditFurther information Fraujaz Old Norse Yngvi as well as Old High German Inguin and Old English Ingƿine are all derived from the Proto Germanic Ingwaz Sound changes in late Proto Germanic transformed Ingwaz into Ingwi z in the nominative case and Ingwin in the accusative case His epithet Fraujaz appears in Old Norse compounds Ingvifreyr and Ingunarfreyr In Beowulf we see Hrothgar called OE frea inguina which means Lord of the Inguins i e lord of the Ingvaeones the friends of Ing This strongly indicates that the two deities Ing and Freyr are indeed the same The Ingvaeones who occupied a territory roughly equivalent to modern Denmark Frisia and the Low Countries at the turn of the millennium were mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his Natural Histories as one of five Germanic tribes Tacitus asserts their descent from the three sons of Mannus or Mannaz cognate with Manus in Hinduism the first man of whom Ingwaz may have been one Other names that retain the theonym are Inguiomerus or Ingemar and Yngling the name of an old Scandinavian dynasty 3 The Ingwaz rune EditNameProto GermanicOld English IngwazIngShapeElder FutharkFuthorc Unicodeᛜ U 16DCᛝ U 16DDTransliterationŋTranscriptionŋIPA ŋ Position inrune row22The ŋ rune with variants and together with Peord and Eihwaz is among the problematic cases of runes of uncertain derivation unattested in early inscriptions The rune first appears independently on the futhark row of the Kylver Stone and is altogether unattested as an independent rune outside of such rows There are a number of attestations of the i ŋ bind rune or the lantern rune similar in shape to the Anglo Saxon ger rune ᛄ but its identification is disputed in most cases since the same sign may also be a cipher rune of wynn or thurisaz The earliest case of such an i ŋ bindrune of reasonably certain reading is the inscription mari ŋs perhaps referring to the Maerings or Ostrogoths citation needed on the silver buckle of Szabadbattyan dated to the first half 5th century and conserved at the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest 4 The Old English rune poem contains these obscure lines ᛝ Ing ƿaes aerest mid Eastdenum geseƿen secgum od he siddan east ofer ƿaeg geƿat ƿaen aefter ran thus Heardingas thone haele nemdon ᛝ Ing was first amidst the East Danes seen by men until he eastward over the sea departed his wagon ran after Thus the Heardings named that hero Norse mythology EditIn Norse mythology Yngvi alternatively spelled Yngve was the progenitor of the Yngling lineage a legendary dynasty of Swedish kings from whom also the earliest historical Norwegian kings claimed to be descended Yngvi is a name of the god Freyr perhaps Freyr s true name as freyr means lord and has probably evolved from a common invocation of the god In the Islendingabok written in the early twelfth century by the Icelandic priest Ari THorgilsson Yngvi Tyrkja konungr Yngvi king of Turkey appears as the father of Njordr who in turn is the father of Yngvi Freyr ancestor of the Ynglings According to the Skjoldunga saga a lost epic from 1180 to 1200 saved only partially in other sagas and later translation Odin came from Asia and conquered Northern Europe He gave Sweden to his son Yngvi and Denmark to his son Skjoldr Since then the kings of Sweden were called Ynglings and those of Denmark Skjoldungs In the Gesta Danorum late twelfth century by Saxo Grammaticus and in the Ynglinga saga ca 1225 by Snorri Sturluson Freyr is euhemerized as a king of Sweden In the Ynglinga saga Yngvi Freyr reigned in succession to his father Njordr who had in this variant succeeded Odin In the Historia Norwegiae written around 1211 in contrast Ingui is the first king of Sweden and the father of a certain Neorth in his turn the father of Froyr Rex itaque Ingui quem primum Swethiae monarchiam rexisse plurimi astruunt genuit Neorth qui vero genuit Froy hos ambos tota illorum posteritas per longa saecula ut deos venerati sunt Froyr vero genuit Fiolni qui in dolio medonis dimersus est In the introduction to his Edda originally composed around 1220 Snorri Sturluson claimed again that Odin reigned in Sweden and relates Odin had with him one of his sons called Yngvi who was king in Sweden after him and those houses come from him that are named Ynglings Snorri here does not identify Yngvi and Freyr although Freyr occasionally appears elsewhere as a son of Odin instead of a son of Njordr In the Skaldskaparmal section of his Prose Edda Snorri brings in the ancient king Halfdan the Old who is the father of nine sons whose names are all words meaning king or lord in Old Norse as well as of nine other sons who are the forefathers of various royal lineages including Yngvi from whom the Ynglings are descended But rather oddly Snorri immediately follows this with information on what should be four other personages who were not sons of Halfdan but who also fathered dynasties and names the first of these again as Yngvi from whom the Ynglings are descended In the related account in the AEttartolur Genealogies attached to Hversu Noregr byggdist the name Skelfir appears instead of Yngvi in the list of Halfdan s sons The Ynglinga Saga section of Snorri s Heimskringla around 1230 introduces a second Yngvi son of Alrekr who is a descendant of Yngvi Freyr and who shared the Swedish kingship with his brother Alf see Yngvi and Alf Given names and family names EditThe element Ing o was widely used in Germanic names from an early period it is not clear whether it originally referred to the Ingaevones or to the god Yngwi directly Inguiomer Inguiomarus was a relative of the Cheruscian Arminius in the first century 5 Ingundis was a wife of the Frankish king Chlothar I whose son Charibert I married an Ingoberga all in the sixth century Other combinations such as masculine Inguin Ingulf Ingobald feminine Inghildis Ingedrudis Ingoflidis as well as the short forms Ingo masculine and Inga feminine are recorded in the early medieval period seventh to ninth centuries 6 In Scandinavia and Germany and areas where these groups settled names beginning with Ing survived into modern usage e g Ingmar Ingvar Ingvild Ingeborg Ingrid Ingegerd and the family name Ingalls See also EditManus in Vedic history Ingunar Freyr Yngve a given name Millrind a heraldic charge sometimes depicted as ᛝReferences Edit Seibricke Wilfried 1996 Historisches Duteches Vornamenbuch in German de Gruyter p 712 ISBN 3 11 014445 X North Richard 1997 Heathen Gods in Old English Literature Cambridge University Press p 132 and note 16 ISBN 978 0 521 55183 0 Cf for a grammar of Proto Germanic from the University of Texas at Austin A Grammar of Proto Germanic Chapter 3 Inflectional Morphology Archived from the original on 2007 06 23 Retrieved 2010 03 07 J H Looijenga Runes Around The North Sea And On The Continent Ad 150 700 Ph D dissertation Groningen 1997 p 80 Krappe Alexander H YNGVI FREY AND AENGUS MAC OC In Scandinavian Studies 17 no 5 1943 174 Accessed March 30 2021 http www jstor org stable 40915560 Ernst Forstemann 780 787 Altdeutsches namenbuch vol 1 Furstemann Nordhausen 1856 col 779 sqq YngviHouse of YnglingPreceded byNjordr Mythological king of Sweden Succeeded byFjolnir Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Yngvi amp oldid 1117574649, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
