XX Persei is a semiregular variable star of sub-type SRc, indicating a cool supergiant. The General Catalogue of Variable Stars gives the period as 415 days.[4] It also shows a long secondary period which was originally given at 4,100 days.[5] A more recent study shows only slow variations with a period of 3,150 ± 1,000 days.[2] Another study failed to find any long period up to 10,000 days.[9]
Distance
The most likely distance of XX Per is 2,290 pc, from assumed membership of the Perseus OB1 association.[10]Gaia Data Release 3 includes a parallax of 0.3980±0.0316 mas, corresponding to a distance of around 2,500 pc.[1]
Characteristics
XX Per is a red supergiant of spectral type M4Ib with an effective temperature below 4,000 K. It has a large infrared excess, indicating surrounding dust at a temperature of 900 K, but no masers have been detected.[11][12]
XX Persei has a mass of 16 solar masses, above the limit beyond which stars end their lives as supernovae.[5]
Companions
XX Persei is listed in multiple star catalogues with a companion of magnitude 9.8 223″ away.[13] This star is BD+54°445 and it is an unrelated foreground object. In addition, the spectrum of XX Persei shows absorption lines of a hot companion too close to be resolved. The combined spectral type has been given as M4Ib + B7V,[3] while the UV spectrum of the companion has been used to derive a spectral classification of A.[14]
^ abcdefVallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia Collaboration) (2022). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. arXiv:2208.00211. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
^ abKiss, L. L.; Szabó, Gy. M.; Bedding, T. R. (2006). "Variability in red supergiant stars: Pulsations, long secondary periods and convection noise". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 372 (4): 1721–1734. arXiv:astro-ph/0608438. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.372.1721K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10973.x. S2CID 5203133.
^ abProust, D.; Ochsenbein, F.; Pettersen, B. R. (1981). "A catalogue of variable-visual binary stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 44: 179. Bibcode:1981A&AS...44..179P.
^ abSamus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
^ abcdStothers, R.; Leung, K. C. (1971). "Luminosities, masses and periodicities of massive red supergiants". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 10: 290. Bibcode:1971A&A....10..290S.
^ abcMessineo, M.; Brown, A. G. A. (2019). "A Catalog of Known Galactic K-M Stars of Class I Candidate Red Supergiants in Gaia DR2". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (1): 20. arXiv:1905.03744. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...20M. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab1cbd. S2CID 148571616.
^Norris, Ryan P. (2019). Seeing Stars Like Never Before: A Long-term Interferometric Imaging Survey of Red Supergiants(PDF) (PhD). Georgia State University.
^Percy, John R.; Sato, Hiromitsu (2009). "Long Secondary Periods in Pulsating Red Supergiant Stars". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 103 (1): 11. Bibcode:2009JRASC.103...11P.
^Reiter, Megan; Marengo, Massimo; Hora, Joseph L.; Fazio, Giovanni G. (2015). "A Spitzer/IRAC characterization of Galactic AGB and RSG stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (4): 3909. arXiv:1501.02749. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447.3909R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2725. S2CID 118515353.
^Fok, Thomas K. T.; Nakashima, Jun-Ichi; Yung, Bosco H. K.; Hsia, Chih-Hao; Deguchi, Shuji (2012). "Maser Observations of Westerlund 1 and Comprehensive Considerations on Maser Properties of Red Supergiants Associated with Massive Clusters". The Astrophysical Journal. 760 (1): 65. arXiv:1209.6427. Bibcode:2012ApJ...760...65F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/65. S2CID 53393926.
^Verheyen, L.; Messineo, M.; Menten, K. M. (2012). "SiO maser emission from red supergiants across the Galaxy . I. Targets in massive star clusters". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A36. arXiv:1203.4727. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A..36V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118265. S2CID 55630819.
^Mason, B. D.; et al. (2014), "The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog", The Astronomical Journal, 122 (6): 3466, Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3466M, doi:10.1086/323920, retrieved 2016-09-04
^Buss, Richard H.; Snow, Theodore P. (1988). "Hot components and circumstellar grains in M supergiant syncretic binaries". Astrophysical Journal. 335: 331. Bibcode:1988ApJ...335..331B. doi:10.1086/166931.
January 29, 2023
persei, 50052, 9582, semiregular, variable, supergiant, star, constellation, perseus, between, double, cluster, border, with, andromeda, circled, near, double, cluster, comet, lovejoycredit, juan, lacruzobservation, dataepoch, j2000, equinox, j2000constellatio. XX Persei IRC 50052 HIP 9582 BD 54 444 is a semiregular variable red supergiant star in the constellation Perseus between the Double Cluster and the border with Andromeda XX PerseiXX Persei circled near the Double Cluster and Comet LovejoyCredit Juan lacruzObservation dataEpoch J2000 Equinox J2000Constellation PerseusRight ascension 02h 03m 09 35854s 1 Declination 55 13 56 6229 1 Apparent magnitude V 7 9 9 0 2 CharacteristicsSpectral type M4Ib B7V 3 Variable type SRc 4 AstrometryProper motion m RA 1 263 1 mas yr Dec 1 819 1 mas yrParallax p 0 3980 0 0316 mas 1 Distance8 200 700 ly 2 500 200 pc Absolute magnitude MV 4 6 5 DetailsMass16 5 M Radius548 6 681 7 R Luminosity42 000 6 L Temperature3 535 170 6 KOther designationsXX Per BD 54 444 GSC 03689 01837 HD 12401 HIP 9582 IRC 50052 2MASS J02030935 5513566 HV 3414 SAO 22875 AAVSO 0156 54Database referencesSIMBADdata Contents 1 Variability 2 Distance 3 Characteristics 4 Companions 5 See also 6 ReferencesVariability Edit A visual band light curve for XX Persei plotted from ASAS SN data 8 XX Persei is a semiregular variable star of sub type SRc indicating a cool supergiant The General Catalogue of Variable Stars gives the period as 415 days 4 It also shows a long secondary period which was originally given at 4 100 days 5 A more recent study shows only slow variations with a period of 3 150 1 000 days 2 Another study failed to find any long period up to 10 000 days 9 Distance EditThe most likely distance of XX Per is 2 290 pc from assumed membership of the Perseus OB1 association 10 Gaia Data Release 3 includes a parallax of 0 3980 0 0316 mas corresponding to a distance of around 2 500 pc 1 Characteristics EditXX Per is a red supergiant of spectral type M4Ib with an effective temperature below 4 000 K It has a large infrared excess indicating surrounding dust at a temperature of 900 K but no masers have been detected 11 12 XX Persei has a mass of 16 solar masses above the limit beyond which stars end their lives as supernovae 5 Companions EditXX Persei is listed in multiple star catalogues with a companion of magnitude 9 8 223 away 13 This star is BD 54 445 and it is an unrelated foreground object In addition the spectrum of XX Persei shows absorption lines of a hot companion too close to be resolved The combined spectral type has been given as M4Ib B7V 3 while the UV spectrum of the companion has been used to derive a spectral classification of A 14 See also EditRS Persei S PerseiReferences Edit a b c d e f Vallenari A et al Gaia Collaboration 2022 Gaia Data Release 3 Summary of the content and survey properties Astronomy amp Astrophysics arXiv 2208 00211 doi 10 1051 0004 6361 202243940 Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR a b Kiss L L Szabo Gy M Bedding T R 2006 Variability in red supergiant stars Pulsations long secondary periods and convection noise Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 372 4 1721 1734 arXiv astro ph 0608438 Bibcode 2006MNRAS 372 1721K doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2006 10973 x S2CID 5203133 a b Proust D Ochsenbein F Pettersen B R 1981 A catalogue of variable visual binary stars Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 44 179 Bibcode 1981A amp AS 44 179P a b Samus N N Durlevich O V et al 2009 VizieR Online Data Catalog General Catalogue of Variable Stars Samus 2007 2013 VizieR On line Data Catalog B GCVS Originally Published in 2009yCat 102025S 1 Bibcode 2009yCat 102025S a b c d Stothers R Leung K C 1971 Luminosities masses and periodicities of massive red supergiants Astronomy and Astrophysics 10 290 Bibcode 1971A amp A 10 290S a b c Messineo M Brown A G A 2019 A Catalog of Known Galactic K M Stars of Class I Candidate Red Supergiants in Gaia DR2 The Astronomical Journal 158 1 20 arXiv 1905 03744 Bibcode 2019AJ 158 20M doi 10 3847 1538 3881 ab1cbd S2CID 148571616 Norris Ryan P 2019 Seeing Stars Like Never Before A Long term Interferometric Imaging Survey of Red Supergiants PDF PhD Georgia State University ASAS SN Variable Stars Database ASAS SN Variable Stars Database ASAS SN Retrieved 6 January 2022 Percy John R Sato Hiromitsu 2009 Long Secondary Periods in Pulsating Red Supergiant Stars Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 103 1 11 Bibcode 2009JRASC 103 11P Reiter Megan Marengo Massimo Hora Joseph L Fazio Giovanni G 2015 A Spitzer IRAC characterization of Galactic AGB and RSG stars Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 447 4 3909 arXiv 1501 02749 Bibcode 2015MNRAS 447 3909R doi 10 1093 mnras stu2725 S2CID 118515353 Fok Thomas K T Nakashima Jun Ichi Yung Bosco H K Hsia Chih Hao Deguchi Shuji 2012 Maser Observations of Westerlund 1 and Comprehensive Considerations on Maser Properties of Red Supergiants Associated with Massive Clusters The Astrophysical Journal 760 1 65 arXiv 1209 6427 Bibcode 2012ApJ 760 65F doi 10 1088 0004 637X 760 1 65 S2CID 53393926 Verheyen L Messineo M Menten K M 2012 SiO maser emission from red supergiants across the Galaxy I Targets in massive star clusters Astronomy amp Astrophysics 541 A36 arXiv 1203 4727 Bibcode 2012A amp A 541A 36V doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201118265 S2CID 55630819 Mason B D et al 2014 The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog The Astronomical Journal 122 6 3466 Bibcode 2001AJ 122 3466M doi 10 1086 323920 retrieved 2016 09 04 Buss Richard H Snow Theodore P 1988 Hot components and circumstellar grains in M supergiant syncretic binaries Astrophysical Journal 335 331 Bibcode 1988ApJ 335 331B doi 10 1086 166931 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title XX Persei amp oldid 1126310287, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
