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World Monuments Fund

February 05, 2023

World Monuments Fund (WMF) is a private, international, non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation of historic architecture and cultural heritage sites around the world through fieldwork, advocacy, grantmaking, education, and training.

World Monuments Fund
Founded1965
FounderJames A. Gray (1909–1994)
TypeArts and Culture
13-2571900
FocusArchitectural conservation, historic preservation, archaeology, cultural heritage management
Location
Area served
Global
MethodFieldwork, advocacy, grantmaking, education, training
Key people
Bénédicte de Montlaur, Chief Executive Officer[1]
Revenue
$16.3 million (2010)[2]
Websitewww.wmf.org
Formerly called
International Fund for Monuments (1965–1984)
WMF has affiliates in Cambodia, Peru, France, Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom

Founded in 1965, WMF is headquartered in New York, and has offices and affiliates around the world, including Cambodia, France, Peru, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom. In addition to hands-on management, the affiliates identify, develop, and manage projects, negotiate local partnerships, and attract local support to complement funds provided by donors.[3]

History

International Fund for Monuments (1965–1984)

The International Fund for Monuments (IFM) was an organization created by Colonel James A. Gray (1909–1994) after his retirement from the U.S. Army in 1960. Gray had conceived of a visionary project to arrest the settlement of the Leaning Tower of Pisa by freezing the soil underneath, and formed the organization in 1965 as a vehicle for the implementation of this idea. Even though this project did not materialize, an opportunity arose for the young organization to participate in the conservation of the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela in Ethiopia. In 1966 Gray secured the support of philanthropist Lila Acheson Wallace (1889–1984), who offered $150,000 to the International Fund for Monuments and UNESCO for this project. The project continued until the Communist overthrow of Haile Selassie I and the subsequent expulsion of foreigners from Ethiopia. After Ethiopia, Gray's interests shifted to Easter Island (Rapa Nui) in Chile. Gray formed the Easter Island Committee, with Norwegian ethnographer and adventurer Thor Heyerdahl (1914–2002) as its honorary chairman. Gray arranged to have one of the monolithic human figures known as moai exhibited in the United States. With the help of anthropologist William Mulloy (1917–1978), Gray selected an 8-foot-tall (2.4 m), five-ton head, which was exhibited in front of the Seagram Building in New York and in the Pan American Union building in Washington, D.C.

 
The Mahadev Temple in Gokarna, Nepal, a conservation project of the International Fund for Monuments.

An important chapter for the organization started with its involvement in the broad international effort led by UNESCO for the protection of the city of Venice, Italy from catastrophic flooding. After the extremely high tide of 4 November 1966, the city, including the historic Piazza San Marco, was inundated for more than twenty-four hours. The International Fund for Monuments set up a Venice Committee, with Professor John McAndrew (1904–1978) of Wellesley College as chairman and Gray as executive secretary. On the part of the committee, appeals were made to the American public, and local chapters set up in American cities. This early initiative led to the formation of the independent organization Save Venice in 1971.[4] These efforts helped establish a reputation for IFM. In Spain, the organization formed a Committee for Spain under the leadership of American diplomat and U.S. Ambassador to Spain in 1965–67 Angier Biddle Duke (1915–1995).

At the invitation of UNESCO in the 1970s IFM became involved in architectural conservation in Nepal, where the organization adopted the Mahadev temple complex in Gokarna, in Nepal's Kathmandu Valley. The 14th-century temple building was surveyed, rotten timbers were replaced, and the foundations were strengthened. Sculpted wooden architectural elements were painstakingly cleaned of layers of a motor oil coating that had been applied annually for protection.

 
Aerial view of the Citadelle Laferrière, in northern Haiti, a conservation project of the World Monuments Fund (1985–87).

Also at the request of UNESCO, IFM launched a project for the preservation of the Citadelle Laferrière, a large mountaintop fortress near Milot, Haiti. The site was the keystone of a defensive system constructed in the early period of Haitian independence to protect the young state from French attempts to reclaim it as a colony. Local artisans reconstructed wooden and tile roofs over the grand gallery and batteries using traditional carpentry methods, and consolidated the stone galleries of the fortress. IFM also sponsored a traveling exhibition and a film about the history of the Citadelle, which was used for educational purposes in the United States.[5]

Programs

 
The ghost town of Craco, Italy, a conservation project of the World Monuments Fund (2010)

Through donations and matching funds, WMF has worked with local community and government partners worldwide to safeguard and conserve places of historic value for future generations. To date, WMF has worked at more than 500 sites in 91 countries, including many UNESCO World Heritage Sites. WMF has worked at internationally famous tourist attractions as well as lesser-known sites. Highly prominent projects are many temples at Angkor, Cambodia, starting in 1990, including Preah Khan and Phnom Bakheng; the Château de Chantilly in Chantilly, France; the ghost town of Craco, Italy; many structures in Rome, including the Temple of Hercules, Santa Maria Antiqua, and the House of Augustus; several sites on Easter Island; various sites at ancient Luxor in Egypt; Lalibela in Ethiopia; San Ignacio Miní in Argentina; the ancient Maya city of Naranjo, Guatemala; the Segovia Aqueduct in Segovia, Spain; as well as 25 projects in Venice, Italy, over 20 years. WMF has also participated in projects in the United States, including Ellis Island, Taos Pueblo, Mesa Verde National Park, the Mount Lebanon Shaker Society, and many sites in New Orleans and the Gulf Coast.

World Monuments Watch

Every two years WMF publishes the World Monuments Watch (formerly the World Monuments Watch List of 100 Most Endangered Sites). Since the first list was compiled in 1996, this program has drawn international attention to cultural heritage sites around the world threatened by neglect, vandalism, armed conflict, commercial development, natural disasters, and climate change. Through the World Monuments Watch, WMF fosters community support for the protection of endangered sites, and attracts technical and financial support for the sites. A detailed list of each event is available in the corresponding year: 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020.

The sites are nominated by international and local preservation groups and professionals, including local authorities. Sites of all types, including secular and religious architecture, archaeological sites, landscapes and townscapes, and dating from all time periods, from ancient to contemporary, are eligible. An independent panel of international experts reviews and selects the sites that make up the list.[6] In 2010 the panelists were Christina Cameron, Alfredo Conti, Pierre-André Lablaude, Jeanne Marie Teutonico, and Christopher Young.[7]

Special Initiatives

WMF also operates a number of special initiatives that transcend individual projects at specific sites and address broader themes in heritage preservation.

This video details WMF's site management plan for Babylon, a blueprint for working on the site today as well as planning for the future.

Iraq's Cultural Heritage

Following the Iraq War WMF created the Iraq Cultural Heritage Conservation Initiative to address the many threats to Iraq's cultural heritage resulting from the occupation and from a long period of political isolation and conflict. At the ancient city of Babylon WMF has launched a program with the support of the United States Department of State to develop a comprehensive site management plan, help local officials prepare a nomination for World Heritage listing, and establish site boundaries for the long-term protection of the ancient city.[8]

Modernism at Risk

In 2006, with the support of the Knoll furniture company, WMF launched Modernism at Risk, an advocacy and conservation program for Modernist architecture.[9] Through this initiative, the biennial World Monuments Fund / Knoll Modernism Prize was established in 2008. The inaugural prize was awarded to Brenne Gesellschaft von Architekten for the restoration of the former ADGB Trade Union School in Germany, which was inscribed as part of the Bauhaus World Heritage Site in July 2017.

Recipients of the World Monuments Fund / Knoll Modernism Prize
  • 2008: Brenne Gesellschaft von Architekten mbH for the restoration of the former ADGB Trade Union School in Bernau bei Berlin, Germany.[10]
  • 2010: Bierman Henket Architecten and Wessel de Jonge Architecten for the restoration of the Zonnestraal Sanatorium in Hilversum, the Netherlands.[11]
  • 2012: Architectural Consortium for Hizuchi Elementary School for the restoration of Hizuchi Elementary School in Hizuchi, Yawatahama, Ehime, Japan.[12]
  • 2014: Finnish Committee for the Restoration of Viipuri Library with the Central City Alvar Aalto Library for the restoration of the Viipuri Library in Vyborg, Russia.[13]
  • 2016 Molenaar & Co. architecten, Hebly Theunissen architecten, and Michael van Gessel landscapes for the rehabilitation of the Justus van Effencomplex in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.[14]
  • 2018 Agence Christiane Schmuckle-Mollard for the restoration of the Karl Marx School, Villejuif, France.[15]

Recipients of the Hadrian Award

Each year, the World Monuments Fund's Hadrian Gala honours Champions of Conservation for their passionate commitment and extraordinary contributions to preserving and protecting the world's shared cultural heritage.

Partners

Some of WMF's long-term partners have included American Express, Knoll, the Robert W. Wilson Challenge to Conserve Our Heritage, the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, and Tiffany & Co. The Samuel H. Kress Foundation's relationship with the organization dates almost to the inception of the International Fund for Monuments.

In 2009, WMF agreed to share approximately 2,000 images of architecture, sites, and monuments from around the world to be made available by Artstor.[16]

WMF has partnered with Williamsburg High School for Architecture and Design, the only high school in the United States with a four-year comprehensive historic preservation curriculum.[17]

In May 2022, WMF announced a collaboration of digital work for the 2024 reopening of the Metropolitan Museum of Art's African, ancient American, and Oceanic art galleries. The digital project "aims to bolster the understanding of several historic sites in sub-Saharan Africa," in particular sites that have been minimally explored by Western museums.[18]

References

  1. ^ "World Monuments Fund Names Bénédicte de Montlaur Next CEO". Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  2. ^ "World Monuments Fund 2010 Annual Report" (PDF). Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  3. ^ World Monuments Fund. What we do. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  4. ^ "History & Mission: History". Save Venice. savevenice.org. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  5. ^ World Monuments Fund. 1996. World Monuments Fund: The First Thirty Years. New York, NY: World Monuments Fund , p. 10-21.
  6. ^ Press Release: World Monuments Watch List 21 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "2010 World Monuments Watch Panelist Bios" (PDF). Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  8. ^ John Noble Wilford. "After Years of War and Abuse, New Hope for Ancient Babylon." New York Times, March 22, 2010.
  9. ^ ""World Monuments Fund Responds to Modern Buildings at Risk: New Initiative Launched With Major Gift From Knoll as Program's Founding Sponsor," June 9, 2006". Knoll.com. 9 June 2006. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  10. ^ 2008 World Monuments Fund/Knoll Modernism Prize. Retrieved 31 December 2018
  11. ^ 2010 World Monuments Fund/Knoll Modernism Prize. Retrieved 31 December 2018
  12. ^ World Monuments Fund press release (3 October 2012) 2012 World Monuments Fund/Knoll Prize for Modernism awarded to architectural consortium. Retrieved 31 December 2018
  13. ^ 2014 World Monuments Fund/Knoll Prize of Modernism. Retrieved 31 December 2018
  14. ^ 2016 World Monuments Fund/Knoll Modernism Prize. Retrieved 31 December 2018
  15. ^ 2018 World Monuments Fund/Knoll Modernism Prize. Retrieved 31 December 2018
  16. ^ "World Monuments Fund". ARTstor. 20 August 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2010.
  17. ^ "Preservation Arts Training Williamsburg High School | World Monuments Fund". Retrieved 2 December 2010.
  18. ^ Gabriella Angeleti (24 May 2022). "The Met creates digital project tied to $70m upgrade of African, ancient American and Oceanic art galleries". The Art Newspaper.

External links

  • World Monuments Fund
  • World Monuments Fund Britain
  • Description of WMF activities in Cambodia by the official Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap (APSARA)
  • Description of partnership between ARTstor and WMF

February 05, 2023
world, monuments, fund, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, jul. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources World Monuments Fund news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message World Monuments Fund WMF is a private international non profit organization dedicated to the preservation of historic architecture and cultural heritage sites around the world through fieldwork advocacy grantmaking education and training World Monuments FundFounded1965FounderJames A Gray 1909 1994 TypeArts and CultureTax ID no 13 2571900FocusArchitectural conservation historic preservation archaeology cultural heritage managementLocationEmpire State BuildingNew York NYArea servedGlobalMethodFieldwork advocacy grantmaking education trainingKey peopleBenedicte de Montlaur Chief Executive Officer 1 Revenue 16 3 million 2010 2 Websitewww wbr wmf wbr orgFormerly calledInternational Fund for Monuments 1965 1984 WMF has affiliates in Cambodia Peru France Spain Portugal and the United KingdomFounded in 1965 WMF is headquartered in New York and has offices and affiliates around the world including Cambodia France Peru Portugal Spain and the United Kingdom In addition to hands on management the affiliates identify develop and manage projects negotiate local partnerships and attract local support to complement funds provided by donors 3 Contents 1 History 1 1 International Fund for Monuments 1965 1984 2 Programs 2 1 World Monuments Watch 2 2 Special Initiatives 2 2 1 Iraq s Cultural Heritage 2 2 2 Modernism at Risk 2 2 2 1 Recipients of the World Monuments Fund Knoll Modernism Prize 2 2 3 Recipients of the Hadrian Award 3 Partners 4 References 5 External linksHistory EditInternational Fund for Monuments 1965 1984 Edit The International Fund for Monuments IFM was an organization created by Colonel James A Gray 1909 1994 after his retirement from the U S Army in 1960 Gray had conceived of a visionary project to arrest the settlement of the Leaning Tower of Pisa by freezing the soil underneath and formed the organization in 1965 as a vehicle for the implementation of this idea Even though this project did not materialize an opportunity arose for the young organization to participate in the conservation of the rock hewn churches of Lalibela in Ethiopia In 1966 Gray secured the support of philanthropist Lila Acheson Wallace 1889 1984 who offered 150 000 to the International Fund for Monuments and UNESCO for this project The project continued until the Communist overthrow of Haile Selassie I and the subsequent expulsion of foreigners from Ethiopia After Ethiopia Gray s interests shifted to Easter Island Rapa Nui in Chile Gray formed the Easter Island Committee with Norwegian ethnographer and adventurer Thor Heyerdahl 1914 2002 as its honorary chairman Gray arranged to have one of the monolithic human figures known as moai exhibited in the United States With the help of anthropologist William Mulloy 1917 1978 Gray selected an 8 foot tall 2 4 m five ton head which was exhibited in front of the Seagram Building in New York and in the Pan American Union building in Washington D C The Mahadev Temple in Gokarna Nepal a conservation project of the International Fund for Monuments An important chapter for the organization started with its involvement in the broad international effort led by UNESCO for the protection of the city of Venice Italy from catastrophic flooding After the extremely high tide of 4 November 1966 the city including the historic Piazza San Marco was inundated for more than twenty four hours The International Fund for Monuments set up a Venice Committee with Professor John McAndrew 1904 1978 of Wellesley College as chairman and Gray as executive secretary On the part of the committee appeals were made to the American public and local chapters set up in American cities This early initiative led to the formation of the independent organization Save Venice in 1971 4 These efforts helped establish a reputation for IFM In Spain the organization formed a Committee for Spain under the leadership of American diplomat and U S Ambassador to Spain in 1965 67 Angier Biddle Duke 1915 1995 At the invitation of UNESCO in the 1970s IFM became involved in architectural conservation in Nepal where the organization adopted the Mahadev temple complex in Gokarna in Nepal s Kathmandu Valley The 14th century temple building was surveyed rotten timbers were replaced and the foundations were strengthened Sculpted wooden architectural elements were painstakingly cleaned of layers of a motor oil coating that had been applied annually for protection Aerial view of the Citadelle Laferriere in northern Haiti a conservation project of the World Monuments Fund 1985 87 Also at the request of UNESCO IFM launched a project for the preservation of the Citadelle Laferriere a large mountaintop fortress near Milot Haiti The site was the keystone of a defensive system constructed in the early period of Haitian independence to protect the young state from French attempts to reclaim it as a colony Local artisans reconstructed wooden and tile roofs over the grand gallery and batteries using traditional carpentry methods and consolidated the stone galleries of the fortress IFM also sponsored a traveling exhibition and a film about the history of the Citadelle which was used for educational purposes in the United States 5 Programs Edit The ghost town of Craco Italy a conservation project of the World Monuments Fund 2010 Through donations and matching funds WMF has worked with local community and government partners worldwide to safeguard and conserve places of historic value for future generations To date WMF has worked at more than 500 sites in 91 countries including many UNESCO World Heritage Sites WMF has worked at internationally famous tourist attractions as well as lesser known sites Highly prominent projects are many temples at Angkor Cambodia starting in 1990 including Preah Khan and Phnom Bakheng the Chateau de Chantilly in Chantilly France the ghost town of Craco Italy many structures in Rome including the Temple of Hercules Santa Maria Antiqua and the House of Augustus several sites on Easter Island various sites at ancient Luxor in Egypt Lalibela in Ethiopia San Ignacio Mini in Argentina the ancient Maya city of Naranjo Guatemala the Segovia Aqueduct in Segovia Spain as well as 25 projects in Venice Italy over 20 years WMF has also participated in projects in the United States including Ellis Island Taos Pueblo Mesa Verde National Park the Mount Lebanon Shaker Society and many sites in New Orleans and the Gulf Coast World Monuments Watch Edit Every two years WMF publishes the World Monuments Watch formerly the World Monuments Watch List of 100 Most Endangered Sites Since the first list was compiled in 1996 this program has drawn international attention to cultural heritage sites around the world threatened by neglect vandalism armed conflict commercial development natural disasters and climate change Through the World Monuments Watch WMF fosters community support for the protection of endangered sites and attracts technical and financial support for the sites A detailed list of each event is available in the corresponding year 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 and 2020 The sites are nominated by international and local preservation groups and professionals including local authorities Sites of all types including secular and religious architecture archaeological sites landscapes and townscapes and dating from all time periods from ancient to contemporary are eligible An independent panel of international experts reviews and selects the sites that make up the list 6 In 2010 the panelists were Christina Cameron Alfredo Conti Pierre Andre Lablaude Jeanne Marie Teutonico and Christopher Young 7 Special Initiatives Edit WMF also operates a number of special initiatives that transcend individual projects at specific sites and address broader themes in heritage preservation source source source source source source source source This video details WMF s site management plan for Babylon a blueprint for working on the site today as well as planning for the future Iraq s Cultural Heritage Edit Following the Iraq War WMF created the Iraq Cultural Heritage Conservation Initiative to address the many threats to Iraq s cultural heritage resulting from the occupation and from a long period of political isolation and conflict At the ancient city of Babylon WMF has launched a program with the support of the United States Department of State to develop a comprehensive site management plan help local officials prepare a nomination for World Heritage listing and establish site boundaries for the long term protection of the ancient city 8 Modernism at Risk Edit In 2006 with the support of the Knoll furniture company WMF launched Modernism at Risk an advocacy and conservation program for Modernist architecture 9 Through this initiative the biennial World Monuments Fund Knoll Modernism Prize was established in 2008 The inaugural prize was awarded to Brenne Gesellschaft von Architekten for the restoration of the former ADGB Trade Union School in Germany which was inscribed as part of the Bauhaus World Heritage Site in July 2017 Recipients of the World Monuments Fund Knoll Modernism Prize Edit 2008 Brenne Gesellschaft von Architekten mbH for the restoration of the former ADGB Trade Union School in Bernau bei Berlin Germany 10 2010 Bierman Henket Architecten and Wessel de Jonge Architecten for the restoration of the Zonnestraal Sanatorium in Hilversum the Netherlands 11 2012 Architectural Consortium for Hizuchi Elementary School for the restoration of Hizuchi Elementary School in Hizuchi Yawatahama Ehime Japan 12 2014 Finnish Committee for the Restoration of Viipuri Library with the Central City Alvar Aalto Library for the restoration of the Viipuri Library in Vyborg Russia 13 2016 Molenaar amp Co architecten Hebly Theunissen architecten and Michael van Gessel landscapes for the rehabilitation of the Justus van Effencomplex in Rotterdam the Netherlands 14 2018 Agence Christiane Schmuckle Mollard for the restoration of the Karl Marx School Villejuif France 15 Recipients of the Hadrian Award Edit Each year the World Monuments Fund s Hadrian Gala honours Champions of Conservation for their passionate commitment and extraordinary contributions to preserving and protecting the world s shared cultural heritage 1988 Carlo De Benedetti 1989 Paul Mellon 1990 His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales 1991 Brooke Astor 1992 Marella and Gianni Agnelli 1993 Dominique de Menil 1994 David Rockefeller 1995 Jacob Rothschild 4th Baron Rothschild 1996 His Highness The Aga Khan IV 1997 Phyllis Lambert 1998 Richard Hampton Jenrette 1999 The Sainsbury Brothers Tim Sainsbury John Sainsbury Simon Sainsbury 2000 Harvey Golub 2001 James Wolfensohn 2002 Helene and Michel David Weill 2003 Eugene V Thaw 2004 Carlos Slim 2005 John Julius Cooper 2nd Viscount Norwich 2006 His Highness Gajsingh The Maharaja of Jodhpur 2007 Rahmi Koc Semahat Arsel Suna Kirac and the Koc family 2008 Houghton Doreen and Graeme Freeman and the Freeman Foundation 2009 David Rockefeller Jr Video 2010 Ratan Naval Tata and the Tata family Video 2011 Ronald and Jo Carole Lauder 2012 Kenneth Chenault 2013 Roberto Hernandez Ramirez 2014 Ellsworth Kelly and Mica Ertegun 2015 Her Majesty Queen Sofia 2016 Tomas Maier and the Stavros Niarchos Foundation 2017 Deborah Lehr and Frank Stella 2018 Prince Amyn Aga Khan and Dr Eusebio Leal Spengler 2019 Thomas KaplanPartners EditSome of WMF s long term partners have included American Express Knoll the Robert W Wilson Challenge to Conserve Our Heritage the Samuel H Kress Foundation and Tiffany amp Co The Samuel H Kress Foundation s relationship with the organization dates almost to the inception of the International Fund for Monuments In 2009 WMF agreed to share approximately 2 000 images of architecture sites and monuments from around the world to be made available by Artstor 16 WMF has partnered with Williamsburg High School for Architecture and Design the only high school in the United States with a four year comprehensive historic preservation curriculum 17 In May 2022 WMF announced a collaboration of digital work for the 2024 reopening of the Metropolitan Museum of Art s African ancient American and Oceanic art galleries The digital project aims to bolster the understanding of several historic sites in sub Saharan Africa in particular sites that have been minimally explored by Western museums 18 References Edit World Monuments Fund Names Benedicte de Montlaur Next CEO Retrieved 6 October 2019 World Monuments Fund 2010 Annual Report PDF Retrieved 17 August 2011 World Monuments Fund What we do Retrieved 2 January 2019 History amp Mission History Save Venice savevenice org Retrieved 21 November 2018 World Monuments Fund 1996 World Monuments Fund The First Thirty Years New York NY World Monuments Fund p 10 21 Press Release World Monuments Watch List Archived 21 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine 2010 World Monuments Watch Panelist Bios PDF Retrieved 18 November 2010 John Noble Wilford After Years of War and Abuse New Hope for Ancient Babylon New York Times March 22 2010 World Monuments Fund Responds to Modern Buildings at Risk New Initiative Launched With Major Gift From Knoll as Program s Founding Sponsor June 9 2006 Knoll com 9 June 2006 Retrieved 18 November 2010 2008 World Monuments Fund Knoll Modernism Prize Retrieved 31 December 2018 2010 World Monuments Fund Knoll Modernism Prize Retrieved 31 December 2018 World Monuments Fund press release 3 October 2012 2012 World Monuments Fund Knoll Prize for Modernism awarded to architectural consortium Retrieved 31 December 2018 2014 World Monuments Fund Knoll Prize of Modernism Retrieved 31 December 2018 2016 World Monuments Fund Knoll Modernism Prize Retrieved 31 December 2018 2018 World Monuments Fund Knoll Modernism Prize Retrieved 31 December 2018 World Monuments Fund ARTstor 20 August 2009 Retrieved 18 November 2010 Preservation Arts Training Williamsburg High School World Monuments Fund Retrieved 2 December 2010 Gabriella Angeleti 24 May 2022 The Met creates digital project tied to 70m upgrade of African ancient American and Oceanic art galleries The Art Newspaper External links EditWorld Monuments Fund World Monuments Fund Britain Description of WMF activities in Cambodia by the official Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap APSARA Description of partnership between ARTstor and WMF Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title World Monuments Fund amp oldid 1126118568, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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