Lycogala epidendrum, commonly known as wolf's milk or groening's slime, is a cosmopolitan species of myxogastrid amoeba which is often mistaken for a fungus. The aethalia, or fruiting bodies, occur either scattered or in groups on damp rotten wood, especially on large logs, from June to November. These aethalia are small, pink to brown cushion-like blobs. They may ooze a pink "paste" if the outer wall is broken before maturity. When mature, the colour tends to become more brownish. When not fruiting, single celled individuals move about as very small, red amoeba-like organisms called plasmodia, masses of protoplasm that engulf bacteria, as well as fungal and plant spores, protozoa, and particles of non-living organic matter through phagocytosis (see slime mould for more information).
During the plasmodial stage, individuals are reddish in colour, but these are almost never seen. When conditions change, the individuals aggregate by means of chemical signalling to form an aethalium, or fruiting body. These appear as small cushion-like blobs measuring about 3–15 millimetres (0.12–0.59 in) in diameter. Colour is quite variable, ranging from pinkish grey to yellowish brown or greenish black, with mature individuals tending towards the darker end. They may be either round or somewhat compressed with a warted or rough texture. While immature they are filled with a pink, paste-like fluid. With maturity the fluid becomes a powdery mass of minute grey spores. The spores measure 6 to 7.5 μm and are round in shape with a netted texture and appearing ochre to lavender in colour. The pseudocapillitia, sterile elements in the spore mass, are long, flattened, branching tubes with transverse wrinkles and folds.[1]
Lycogalinoside A contains a 2-deoxy-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl-(1-4)-6-deoxy-beta-D-gulopyranosyl unit.
Lycogalinoside B contains a beta-D-olivopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl unit.
Taxonomyedit
This species is classified in the family Tubiferaceae,[6] although it is accepted in the Reticulariaceae family by the Integrated Taxonomic Information System.[7]
^Frode, R.; et al. (1994). "Isolation and synthesis of 3,4-bis(Indol-3-Yl)pyrrole-2,5-dicarboxylic acid-derivatives from the slime-mold Lycogala epidendrum". Tetrahedron Letters. 35: 1689–1690. doi:10.1016/0040-4039(94)88320-3.
^Hosoya, T.; et al. (2005). "New cytotoxic bisindole alkaloids with protein tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity from a myxomycete Lycogala epidendrum". Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 15 (11): 2776–2780.
Stephenson, Steven L & Stempen, Henry (2000). Myxomycetes. A Handbook of Slime Molds. Portland : Timber Press. ISBN0-88192-439-3.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lycogala epidendrum.
"Photos of Lycogala epidendrum". Sociedad Micólogica de Madrid. 2006-10-17.
January 01, 1970
lycogala, epidendrum, commonly, known, wolf, milk, groening, slime, cosmopolitan, species, myxogastrid, amoeba, which, often, mistaken, fungus, aethalia, fruiting, bodies, occur, either, scattered, groups, damp, rotten, wood, especially, large, logs, from, jun. Lycogala epidendrum commonly known as wolf s milk or groening s slime is a cosmopolitan species of myxogastrid amoeba which is often mistaken for a fungus The aethalia or fruiting bodies occur either scattered or in groups on damp rotten wood especially on large logs from June to November These aethalia are small pink to brown cushion like blobs They may ooze a pink paste if the outer wall is broken before maturity When mature the colour tends to become more brownish When not fruiting single celled individuals move about as very small red amoeba like organisms called plasmodia masses of protoplasm that engulf bacteria as well as fungal and plant spores protozoa and particles of non living organic matter through phagocytosis see slime mould for more information Lycogala epidendrum Fruiting bodies of L epidendrum Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Phylum Amoebozoa Class Myxogastria Order Liceales Family Tubiferaceae Genus Lycogala Species L epidendrum Binomial name Lycogala epidendrumLinnaeus amp Fries 1829 Contents 1 Description 1 1 Similar species 2 Natural products found in this species 3 Taxonomy 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Sources 6 External linksDescription edit nbsp Aethalia on decaying wood During the plasmodial stage individuals are reddish in colour but these are almost never seen When conditions change the individuals aggregate by means of chemical signalling to form an aethalium or fruiting body These appear as small cushion like blobs measuring about 3 15 millimetres 0 12 0 59 in in diameter Colour is quite variable ranging from pinkish grey to yellowish brown or greenish black with mature individuals tending towards the darker end They may be either round or somewhat compressed with a warted or rough texture While immature they are filled with a pink paste like fluid With maturity the fluid becomes a powdery mass of minute grey spores The spores measure 6 to 7 5 mm and are round in shape with a netted texture and appearing ochre to lavender in colour The pseudocapillitia sterile elements in the spore mass are long flattened branching tubes with transverse wrinkles and folds 1 Similar species edit Similar species include Hemitrichia calyculata Physarum cinereum Physarum nutans and Trichia varia 2 Natural products found in this species editStaurosporine analogues Lycogarubin C also known as chromopyrrolic acid 3 6 hydroxystaurosporinone 5 6 dihydroxyarcyriaflavin A 4 Antimicrobal lactones Chemically these are polypropionate lactone glycosides 5 Lycogalinoside A contains a 2 deoxy alpha L fucopyranosyl 1 4 6 deoxy beta D gulopyranosyl unit Lycogalinoside B contains a beta D olivopyranosyl 1 4 beta D fucopyranosyl unit Taxonomy editThis species is classified in the family Tubiferaceae 6 although it is accepted in the Reticulariaceae family by the Integrated Taxonomic Information System 7 See also editEnteridium lycoperdon the false puffball slime mouldReferences edit Lincoff Gary H 1981 National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mushrooms New York Random House p 848 ISBN 0 394 51992 2 Davis R Michael Sommer Robert Menge John A 2012 Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America Berkeley University of California Press p 411 ISBN 978 0 520 95360 4 OCLC 797915861 Frode R et al 1994 Isolation and synthesis of 3 4 bis Indol 3 Yl pyrrole 2 5 dicarboxylic acid derivatives from the slime mold Lycogala epidendrum Tetrahedron Letters 35 1689 1690 doi 10 1016 0040 4039 94 88320 3 Hosoya T et al 2005 New cytotoxic bisindole alkaloids with protein tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity from a myxomycete Lycogala epidendrum Bioorg Med Chem Lett 15 11 2776 2780 Rezanka Tomas Dvorakova Radmila 2003 Polypropionate lactones of deoxysugars glycosides from slime mold Lycogala epidendrum Phytochemistry 63 8 945 952 doi 10 1016 S0031 9422 03 00214 0 ISSN 0031 9422 The Global Biodiversity Information Facility GBIF Backbone Taxonomy 2013 07 01 Accessed via https www gbif org species 3213352 on 2013 11 10 Integrated Taxonomic Information System Internet 2013 updated 2013 April cited 2013 Nov 10 Available from https www itis gov servlet SingleRpt SingleRpt search topic TSN amp search value 181336 Sources edit Stephenson Steven L amp Stempen Henry 2000 Myxomycetes A Handbook of Slime Molds Portland Timber Press ISBN 0 88192 439 3 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lycogala epidendrum Photos of Lycogala epidendrum Sociedad Micologica de Madrid 2006 10 17 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lycogala epidendrum amp oldid 1224059133, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
