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Wisconsin dairy industry

August 18, 2023

Dairy is a major industry in the state of Wisconsin. Being known for its dairy production, the state is often called "America's Dairyland." The industry is prominent in official state symbols—being displayed on the state's license plates, state's slogan, and on the state quarter.

Dairy farm in Wisconsin

Dairying in Wisconsin includes the harvesting and processing of animal milk, usually from cows, and the processing into cheese, butter, or other dairy products. Dairy became an important industry in the late-19th century, following the invention of the refrigerated rail car. By 1915, Wisconsin had become the leading state for dairy production, only being surpassed by California in 1993.[1] As of 2018, Wisconsin ranks 2nd in the United States in dairy production,[2] with over 7000 dairy farms that produce 2.44 billion pounds (1.11×10^9 kg) of milk per month.[3]

Farming

 
Dairy cows at a Wisconsin family farm
Main article: Dairy farming

Dairy farming in Wisconsin became commercially viable in the late 19th century.[4] Since its founding, most dairy enterprises were family-owned farms.[5] Wisconsin dairy farms almost entirely hold dairy cows, typically in herds of over 100.[6] The cows are usually kept in a pasture and milked in the barn, two or three times per day. Most dairy farms grow much of their feed to offset the price of buying it wholesale.[7] Milking parlors, milking pipelines, and automated milking, while less common, are found in Wisconsin farms.[8] Many family farms also produce cheese or butter, alongside milk.[9]

Automatic milking systems were developed in the late 20th century and slowly introduced to Wisconsin farms.[10] Since its introduction, Intensive dairy farming, also called factory-farms, has allowed farmers to keep upwards of 750 cows. These large-scale operations have been forcing smaller family farms out of business.[11]

Products

Wisconsin dairies produce a variety of products from processing milk. The most notable are cheese and butter.

Cheese

Main article: Wisconsin cheese
 
A "cheese cave" used to age cheeses.

Wisconsin has been making cheese since the start of its dairy industry. In the 19th century, much of the milk was made into cheese, because it kept longer than milk or butter. In the latter half of the 19th century, cheese production moved from the farms to specialized factories, resulting in higher quality cheese. In 1921, Wisconsin became the first state to grade cheese by its quality.[12] As of 2020, Wisconsin produces 26% of all cheese in the US, totaling 3.39 billion pounds (1.54×10^9 kg) of cheese in the last year.[13]

 
A worker in a New Glarus cheese factory places a Wisconsin stamp on wheels of cheese (1922)

Wisconsin cheesemakers produce hundreds of varieties.[14] Settlers in Wisconsin brought their local cheese varieties with them. Swiss cheese being one of the first, alongside mozzarella and provolone. Some varieties were invented in Wisconsin, including brick and Colby cheese.[15] Varieties of cheese produced in Wisconsin include cheddar, muenster, and feta, in which it leads the US.[14] Within Wisconsin, mozzarella accounts for 31% of all cheese produced, while cheddar accounts for 21%.[16]

Wisconsin requires cheese production to be performed or supervised by a licensed cheesemaker, being the only state in the US to require certification.[17] The state also requires cheese sold to be graded for its quality, ranging from grade A to grade D. Producers must also label the age, moisture, and milkfat content.[18]

Butter

 
Land O'Lakes plant in Hillsboro, Wisconsin

Butter is another common dairy product produced in Wisconsin. As of 2008, Wisconsin produces 22% of butter in the US, totaling 361 million pounds (164×10^6 kg) of butter.[19] Wisconsin requires buttermakers to hold a license to produce butter, also being the only state in the US to require certification.[20][21]

History

The Wisconsin dairy industry began in the latter half of the 19th century. The first farms in Wisconsin exclusively produced wheat. At their peak, Wisconsin farms produced 27 million US bushels (950,000 m3) of wheat.[22] Rapidly, in the 1860s, the wheat farms began suffering mass soil depletion and insect infestations, lowering the quality and yield of the crop.[4] During the 1880s, with pressure from the Wisconsin Dairymen’s Association, farms across the state began switching to producing dairy.[23]

The invention and widespread use of the refrigerated rail car allowed many farms to switch to producing dairy products and raising feed crops instead of wheat.[24] They were highly successful, and by the start of the 20th century, over 90% of farms were dairy.[25]

During the late 19th century, cheesemakers in Wisconsin invented new varieties of cheese. These included brick and Colby, which are both derived from cheddar cheese. Brick cheese is created by using a higher temperature during the culturing process, leading to a softer texture. Brick cheese is traditional on Detroit-style pizza.[26] Colby cheese forgoes the cheddaring process, instead partially draining the whey and adding cold water to the curds. This process gives it a mild flavor and a texture that is moister and softer than cheddar. Traditionally, Colby is pressed into a cylindrical from called a longhorn. The cheese was invented by Joseph Steinwand and was named after the township of their cheese factory, Colby, Wisconsin.[27][28]

 
The first dairy school building at the University of Wisconsin

In 1890, Stephen Babcock from the University of Wisconsin–Madison developed a test to determine milkfat content.[29] This innovation led to higher quality milk and dairy products.[30] By 1915, Wisconsin became the leading state for dairy production, a lead it would maintain until 1993.[23]

In 1895, the Wisconsin legislature prohibited the sale of yellow margarine, fearing that it would disrupt the state's dairy industry.[31] So manufacturers switched to producing pink margarine. The margarine ban lasted for 75 years, until it was overturned in 1967. Wisconsin was the last state to repeal its margarine ban, the previous being Minnesota, which overturned theirs in 1963.[32] But it is still illegal for restaurants to serve margarine, unless the customer requests it. While the ban was never enforced, it carried a $6,000 fine.[33]

The state requires all butter and cheese makers to hold a license. These rules were created in 1929, because of the amount of substandard product in Wisconsin.[19]

In 1933, during the Great Depression, there was a series of strikes by Wisconsin dairy farmers attempting to raise the price of milk. The cooperative group of farmers attempted to coordinate their efforts with larger groups, including the Farmers' Holiday Association. However, the larger groups ended their strike early to avoid losses.[34]

When states, such as California, started to experiment with new factory-farms, they saw great success, compared to Wisconsin's family farms. Throughout the late 20th-century, California dairy production started to grow rapidly, replacing Wisconsin as the leading state for milk production in 1993.[1][35] Many of Wisconsin's family farms have been closing down, due to increased competition from large factory farms.[36] Since 2005, about half of the dairy farms have closed,[37] leaving Wisconsin with 7000 dairy farms in 2020.[3]

Rising tariffs on dairy products have also been a major contributor to the decrease in productivity in Wisconsin. In 2018, China and Mexico imposed large tariffs on the US, making it harder for farms to sell their dairy products. Farmers across Wisconsin lost an estimated $40,000 in yearly revenue due to these tariffs.[36] The number of immigrant dairy workers is rising, from 5% in 2000 to 40% in 2010. This increase is due to many farmers looking to increase the size of their herds, which requires more workers.[38] Another decrease of productivity resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, especially during 2020. The decrease in demand forced farmers to dump excess milk, since they were unable to sell it.[39][40] The industry quickly rebounded in late 2020, after Wisconsin loosened its lockdowns.[41]

Cultural significance

 
1987 Wisconsin license plate, displaying the farm graphic and the state's slogan.

The prominence of the dairy industry in Wisconsin has led to Wisconsin being known as "America's Dairyland",[42][43] which was made the official state slogan in 1940.[44] After it was designated as Wisconsin's official slogan, "America's Dairyland" was printed on the state's license plates, at first replacing the "Wisconsin" text, but later both were included.[45] In 1986 a graphic representing a dairy farm was added to the plate.[46][47]

In 1971, the dairy cow was designated as the official state domesticated animal.[48] Milk was designated as the official state beverage in 1987.[49][44] Every year since 1967, Madison has held the World Dairy Expo: a five day-event showcasing the dairy industry, ranging from dairy cattle to ice cream.[50] Since 1998, there has been an effort to make Colby the official state cheese, however no action has been taken.[51]

"Cheeseheads" is a nickname for people from Wisconsin or fans of the Green Bay Packers NFL football franchise.[52] Cheese-wedge shaped hats are a common sight at Packers games, especially since 1994.[53] The dairy industry is prominently displayed on Wisconsin's state quarter, which features a round of cheese, head of a Holstein cow, and an ear of corn.[54]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Oncken, John (August 19, 2020). "Dairy farming – still a challenging industry". Wisconsin State Farmer. from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  2. ^ Dairy Business News Team DP (July 15, 2018). "Top Ten Milk Producing States in May 2018". Dairy Business News. from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved December 2, 2020. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  3. ^ a b "Our Farms". Dairy Farmers of Wisconsin. from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  4. ^ a b Elbing (1931), p. 2
  5. ^ Phelps, Nathan. "Most Wisconsin farms listed as 'family-owned' operations". Green Bay Press-Gazette. from the original on September 22, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  6. ^ "Wisconsin Monthly Dairy Farms Statistics". Wisconsin Cheese. from the original on May 19, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  7. ^ AbdulQuadri, Agbabiaka (April 12, 2022). "How To Feed Dairy Cows". Justagric. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
  8. ^ Kim, Hemi. "What Is Dairy Farming, How Does It Work, and Why Is It Bad?". Sentient Media. from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  9. ^ "How the smaller dairy businesses compete". WGBA. September 10, 2021. from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  10. ^ "Wisconsin Dairy Farmers Join Forces to Use Automatic Milking Robots - Farm Flavor". farmflavor.com. Retrieved October 10, 2022.
  11. ^ "Industrial dairy farming is taking over in Wisconsin, crowding out family operations and raising environmental concerns". Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel. from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  12. ^ "cheesemaking in Wisconsin". Wisconsin Historical Society. August 3, 2012. from the original on September 22, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  13. ^ "DATCP Home Wisconsin Agricultural Statistics". Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. from the original on March 27, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  14. ^ a b "DATCP Home Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board (dba Dairy Farmers of Wisconsin)". datcp.wi.gov. from the original on September 3, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  15. ^ "About us - Wisconsin Cheese". wisconsincheese.com. from the original on September 3, 2021. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
  16. ^ "WIsconsin Production Share by Variety". 2020. from the original on September 4, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  17. ^ Malina, Chris (June 1, 2016). "Want To Make Cheese In Wisconsin? It's Harder Than One Might Think". Wisconsin Public Radio. from the original on September 7, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  18. ^ "Wisconsin Legislature ATCP 81 – Cheese Grading, Packaging and Labeling". docs.legis.wisconsin.gov. from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  19. ^ a b Burns, Jane. "Amid a rise in artisanal butter, state to make it easier to get a buttermaker license". madison.com. from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  20. ^ "Wisconsin Legislature: Chapter ATCP 69". docs.legis.wisconsin.gov. July 2011. from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  21. ^ "Butter licensing in Wisconsin". madison.com. September 4, 2010. from the original on September 7, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  22. ^ Thompson (1909)
  23. ^ a b Brockman, Amber (September 3, 2020). "Dare I Say We're a Dairy State?". The Advance-Titan. University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh. from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  24. ^ Trewartha (1924)
  25. ^ "Dairy Industry in Wisconsin". Wisconsin Historical Society. August 3, 2012. from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
  26. ^ López-Alt, J. Kenji (February 28, 2017). "Detroit-Style Pizza Is the Best Thing You're Gonna Make This Year | The Food Lab". Serious Eats. from the original on April 14, 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
  27. ^ "Colby Info". New England Cheesemaking Supply Company. from the original on September 4, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  28. ^ White, Laurel (July 7, 2021). "Colby Angles To Be Wisconsin's Big Cheese". Wisconsin Public Radio. from the original on September 4, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  29. ^ "Sylvia Deserves Much Credit for the Milk Tester". Lancaster Teller. February 11, 1915. from the original on September 22, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
  30. ^ Robson, James. "Dairy important to Wisconsin's past, future". Green Bay Press-Gazette. from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved March 23, 2021.
  31. ^ Eschner, Kat. "The 1870s Dairy Lobby Turned Margarine Pink So People Would Buy Butter". Smithsonian Magazine. from the original on May 18, 2021. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
  32. ^ Foran, Chris. "Wisconsin banned selling yellow margarine for 72 years, so residents smuggled it in from Illinois". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  33. ^ "Wisconsin's wacky butter laws spread over centuries". OnMilwaukee. January 9, 2019. from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  34. ^ Jacobs (1951), p. 30–35
  35. ^ Barboza, David (June 28, 2001). "America's Cheese State Fights to Stay that Way; Wisconsin Struggles to Keep Pace with West". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. from the original on April 17, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  36. ^ a b Barrett, Rick (February 18, 2020). "'Struggling to Tread Water': Dairy Farmers Are Caught in an Economic System with No Winning Formula". Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel. from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  37. ^ "'America's Dairyland': Wisconsin's farmers see bleak future". the Guardian. February 23, 2020. from the original on June 26, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  38. ^ Kushner, Jacobs (May 26, 2010). "Wisconsin dairy farms are growing — along with their immigrant work forces". Wisconsin Watch. from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  39. ^ Barrett, Rick (April 3, 2020). "Wisconsin Farmers Forced to Dump Milk as Coronavirus Slams a Fragile Dairy Economy". USA Today. from the original on June 1, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  40. ^ Clauss, Olivia (March 31, 2020). "Dairy Farmers Grapple with Economic Fallout of COVID-19". The Badger Herald. from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  41. ^ Alexander, McKenna (November 16, 2020). "COVID-19 Impact on Wisconsin Dairy Farmers". Eau Claire, Wisconsin: WQOW-TV. from the original on November 17, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  42. ^ "What is Wisconsin Known For?". WorldAtlas. October 24, 2018. from the original on September 7, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  43. ^ Urdang, Laurence (1988). Names and Nicknames of Places and Things. Penguin Group USA. p. 8. ISBN 9780452009073. from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved May 25, 2015 – via Google Books. 'America's Dairyland' A nickname of Wisconsin
  44. ^ a b "Wisconsin State Symbols". Wisconsin Historical Society. May 23, 2012. from the original on September 7, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  45. ^ "Passenger Vehicles, 1905-1941 - The Wisconsin Pages - The Andrew Turnbull License Plate Gallery". www.andrewturnbull.net. from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
  46. ^ Journal, Bill Novak | Wisconsin State. "'America's Dairyland' will stay on Wisconsin license plates, governor says". madison.com. from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  47. ^ "The Evolution of Wisconsin License Plates". La Crosse County Historical Society. from the original on May 6, 2021. Retrieved May 6, 2021.
  48. ^ "Wisconsin State Domesticated Animal | Dairy Cow". State Symbols USA. from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2021.
  49. ^ "Wisconsin State Beverage | Milk". statesymbolsusa.org. from the original on January 16, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2021.
  50. ^ Journal, Mitchell Schmidt | Wisconsin State (August 20, 2021). "The cream of the crop: Judges rank World Dairy Expo submissions for cheese, milk, butter and ice cream". madison.com. from the original on September 8, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
  51. ^ Karnopp, Hope (July 7, 2021). "A bill to make Colby the official state cheese is getting another chance at becoming a law". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. from the original on July 8, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  52. ^ Kapler, Joseph Jr. (Spring 2002). "On Wisconsin Icons: When You Say 'Wisconsin', What Do You Say?". The Wisconsin Magazine of History. Vol. 85, no. 3. pp. 18–31. JSTOR 4636969. from the original on December 26, 2018.
  53. ^ . Archived from the original on July 14, 2014.
  54. ^ Walters, Steven. . Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 21, 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2007.

Sources

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dairy farms in Wisconsin.
  • Janus, Edward. (2011). Creating Dairyland: How Caring for Cows Saved Our Soil, Created Our Landscape, Brought Prosperity to Our State, and Still Shapes Our Way of Life in Wisconsin. Madison: Wisconsin Historical Society Press. ISBN 978-0-87020-509-5. OCLC 809669842. from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  • Lampard, Eric E (1963). The Rise of the Dairy Industry In Wisconsin: a Study In Agricultural Change, 1820-1920. State Historical Society of Wisconsin. from the original on September 8, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
  • Elbing, Walter H (1931). Wisconsin Dairying. from the original on September 8, 2021. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
  • Jacobs, Herbert (1951). "The Wisconsin Milk Strikes". The Wisconsin Magazine of History. Vol. 35, no. 1. ISSN 0043-6534. JSTOR 4632334.
  • Trewartha, Glenn Thomas (1924). The Dairy Industry of Wisconsin as a Geographic Adjustment. University of Wisconsin–Madison. from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2020 – via Google Books.
  • Thompson, John Giffin (1909). The Rise and Decline of the Wheat Growing Industry in Wisconsin (PDF).

August 18, 2023
wisconsin, dairy, industry, dairy, major, industry, state, wisconsin, being, known, dairy, production, state, often, called, america, dairyland, industry, prominent, official, state, symbols, being, displayed, state, license, plates, state, slogan, state, quar. Dairy is a major industry in the state of Wisconsin Being known for its dairy production the state is often called America s Dairyland The industry is prominent in official state symbols being displayed on the state s license plates state s slogan and on the state quarter Dairy farm in Wisconsin Dairying in Wisconsin includes the harvesting and processing of animal milk usually from cows and the processing into cheese butter or other dairy products Dairy became an important industry in the late 19th century following the invention of the refrigerated rail car By 1915 Wisconsin had become the leading state for dairy production only being surpassed by California in 1993 1 As of 2018 Wisconsin ranks 2nd in the United States in dairy production 2 with over 7000 dairy farms that produce 2 44 billion pounds 1 11 10 9 kg of milk per month 3 Contents 1 Farming 2 Products 2 1 Cheese 2 2 Butter 3 History 4 Cultural significance 5 See also 6 References 6 1 SourcesFarming Edit Dairy cows at a Wisconsin family farmMain article Dairy farming Dairy farming in Wisconsin became commercially viable in the late 19th century 4 Since its founding most dairy enterprises were family owned farms 5 Wisconsin dairy farms almost entirely hold dairy cows typically in herds of over 100 6 The cows are usually kept in a pasture and milked in the barn two or three times per day Most dairy farms grow much of their feed to offset the price of buying it wholesale 7 Milking parlors milking pipelines and automated milking while less common are found in Wisconsin farms 8 Many family farms also produce cheese or butter alongside milk 9 Automatic milking systems were developed in the late 20th century and slowly introduced to Wisconsin farms 10 Since its introduction Intensive dairy farming also called factory farms has allowed farmers to keep upwards of 750 cows These large scale operations have been forcing smaller family farms out of business 11 Products EditWisconsin dairies produce a variety of products from processing milk The most notable are cheese and butter Cheese Edit Main article Wisconsin cheese A cheese cave used to age cheeses Wisconsin has been making cheese since the start of its dairy industry In the 19th century much of the milk was made into cheese because it kept longer than milk or butter In the latter half of the 19th century cheese production moved from the farms to specialized factories resulting in higher quality cheese In 1921 Wisconsin became the first state to grade cheese by its quality 12 As of 2020 Wisconsin produces 26 of all cheese in the US totaling 3 39 billion pounds 1 54 10 9 kg of cheese in the last year 13 A worker in a New Glarus cheese factory places a Wisconsin stamp on wheels of cheese 1922 Wisconsin cheesemakers produce hundreds of varieties 14 Settlers in Wisconsin brought their local cheese varieties with them Swiss cheese being one of the first alongside mozzarella and provolone Some varieties were invented in Wisconsin including brick and Colby cheese 15 Varieties of cheese produced in Wisconsin include cheddar muenster and feta in which it leads the US 14 Within Wisconsin mozzarella accounts for 31 of all cheese produced while cheddar accounts for 21 16 Wisconsin requires cheese production to be performed or supervised by a licensed cheesemaker being the only state in the US to require certification 17 The state also requires cheese sold to be graded for its quality ranging from grade A to grade D Producers must also label the age moisture and milkfat content 18 Butter Edit Land O Lakes plant in Hillsboro WisconsinButter is another common dairy product produced in Wisconsin As of 2008 Wisconsin produces 22 of butter in the US totaling 361 million pounds 164 10 6 kg of butter 19 Wisconsin requires buttermakers to hold a license to produce butter also being the only state in the US to require certification 20 21 History EditThe Wisconsin dairy industry began in the latter half of the 19th century The first farms in Wisconsin exclusively produced wheat At their peak Wisconsin farms produced 27 million US bushels 950 000 m3 of wheat 22 Rapidly in the 1860s the wheat farms began suffering mass soil depletion and insect infestations lowering the quality and yield of the crop 4 During the 1880s with pressure from the Wisconsin Dairymen s Association farms across the state began switching to producing dairy 23 The invention and widespread use of the refrigerated rail car allowed many farms to switch to producing dairy products and raising feed crops instead of wheat 24 They were highly successful and by the start of the 20th century over 90 of farms were dairy 25 During the late 19th century cheesemakers in Wisconsin invented new varieties of cheese These included brick and Colby which are both derived from cheddar cheese Brick cheese is created by using a higher temperature during the culturing process leading to a softer texture Brick cheese is traditional on Detroit style pizza 26 Colby cheese forgoes the cheddaring process instead partially draining the whey and adding cold water to the curds This process gives it a mild flavor and a texture that is moister and softer than cheddar Traditionally Colby is pressed into a cylindrical from called a longhorn The cheese was invented by Joseph Steinwand and was named after the township of their cheese factory Colby Wisconsin 27 28 The first dairy school building at the University of WisconsinIn 1890 Stephen Babcock from the University of Wisconsin Madison developed a test to determine milkfat content 29 This innovation led to higher quality milk and dairy products 30 By 1915 Wisconsin became the leading state for dairy production a lead it would maintain until 1993 23 In 1895 the Wisconsin legislature prohibited the sale of yellow margarine fearing that it would disrupt the state s dairy industry 31 So manufacturers switched to producing pink margarine The margarine ban lasted for 75 years until it was overturned in 1967 Wisconsin was the last state to repeal its margarine ban the previous being Minnesota which overturned theirs in 1963 32 But it is still illegal for restaurants to serve margarine unless the customer requests it While the ban was never enforced it carried a 6 000 fine 33 The state requires all butter and cheese makers to hold a license These rules were created in 1929 because of the amount of substandard product in Wisconsin 19 In 1933 during the Great Depression there was a series of strikes by Wisconsin dairy farmers attempting to raise the price of milk The cooperative group of farmers attempted to coordinate their efforts with larger groups including the Farmers Holiday Association However the larger groups ended their strike early to avoid losses 34 When states such as California started to experiment with new factory farms they saw great success compared to Wisconsin s family farms Throughout the late 20th century California dairy production started to grow rapidly replacing Wisconsin as the leading state for milk production in 1993 1 35 Many of Wisconsin s family farms have been closing down due to increased competition from large factory farms 36 Since 2005 about half of the dairy farms have closed 37 leaving Wisconsin with 7000 dairy farms in 2020 3 Rising tariffs on dairy products have also been a major contributor to the decrease in productivity in Wisconsin In 2018 China and Mexico imposed large tariffs on the US making it harder for farms to sell their dairy products Farmers across Wisconsin lost an estimated 40 000 in yearly revenue due to these tariffs 36 The number of immigrant dairy workers is rising from 5 in 2000 to 40 in 2010 This increase is due to many farmers looking to increase the size of their herds which requires more workers 38 Another decrease of productivity resulted from the COVID 19 pandemic especially during 2020 The decrease in demand forced farmers to dump excess milk since they were unable to sell it 39 40 The industry quickly rebounded in late 2020 after Wisconsin loosened its lockdowns 41 Cultural significance Edit 1987 Wisconsin license plate displaying the farm graphic and the state s slogan The prominence of the dairy industry in Wisconsin has led to Wisconsin being known as America s Dairyland 42 43 which was made the official state slogan in 1940 44 After it was designated as Wisconsin s official slogan America s Dairyland was printed on the state s license plates at first replacing the Wisconsin text but later both were included 45 In 1986 a graphic representing a dairy farm was added to the plate 46 47 In 1971 the dairy cow was designated as the official state domesticated animal 48 Milk was designated as the official state beverage in 1987 49 44 Every year since 1967 Madison has held the World Dairy Expo a five day event showcasing the dairy industry ranging from dairy cattle to ice cream 50 Since 1998 there has been an effort to make Colby the official state cheese however no action has been taken 51 Cheeseheads is a nickname for people from Wisconsin or fans of the Green Bay Packers NFL football franchise 52 Cheese wedge shaped hats are a common sight at Packers games especially since 1994 53 The dairy industry is prominently displayed on Wisconsin s state quarter which features a round of cheese head of a Holstein cow and an ear of corn 54 See also Edit1933 Wisconsin milk strike Agriculture in Wisconsin Minnesota Wisconsin price Wisconsin dairy barnReferences Edit a b Oncken John August 19 2020 Dairy farming still a challenging industry Wisconsin State Farmer Archived from the original on October 1 2020 Retrieved December 2 2020 Dairy Business News Team DP July 15 2018 Top Ten Milk Producing States in May 2018 Dairy Business News Archived from the original on January 22 2021 Retrieved December 2 2020 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a author has generic name help a b Our Farms Dairy Farmers of Wisconsin Archived from the original on December 5 2020 Retrieved December 2 2020 a b Elbing 1931 p 2 Phelps Nathan Most Wisconsin farms listed as family owned operations Green Bay Press Gazette Archived from the original on September 22 2021 Retrieved May 19 2021 Wisconsin Monthly Dairy Farms Statistics Wisconsin Cheese Archived from the original on May 19 2021 Retrieved May 19 2021 AbdulQuadri Agbabiaka April 12 2022 How To Feed Dairy Cows Justagric Retrieved October 10 2022 Kim Hemi What Is Dairy Farming How Does It Work and Why Is It Bad Sentient Media Archived from the original on September 10 2021 Retrieved September 10 2021 How the smaller dairy businesses compete WGBA September 10 2021 Archived from the original on September 10 2021 Retrieved September 10 2021 Wisconsin Dairy Farmers Join Forces to Use Automatic Milking Robots Farm Flavor farmflavor com Retrieved October 10 2022 Industrial dairy farming is taking over in Wisconsin crowding out family operations and raising environmental concerns Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Archived from the original on November 22 2020 Retrieved March 23 2021 cheesemaking in Wisconsin Wisconsin Historical Society August 3 2012 Archived from the original on September 22 2021 Retrieved March 27 2021 DATCP Home Wisconsin Agricultural Statistics Department of Agriculture Trade and Consumer Protection Archived from the original on March 27 2021 Retrieved May 12 2021 a b DATCP Home Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board dba Dairy Farmers of Wisconsin datcp wi gov Archived from the original on September 3 2021 Retrieved September 3 2021 About us Wisconsin Cheese wisconsincheese com Archived from the original on September 3 2021 Retrieved September 3 2021 WIsconsin Production Share by Variety 2020 Archived from the original on September 4 2021 Retrieved September 4 2021 Malina Chris June 1 2016 Want To Make Cheese In Wisconsin It s Harder Than One Might Think Wisconsin Public Radio Archived from the original on September 7 2021 Retrieved September 7 2021 Wisconsin Legislature ATCP 81 Cheese Grading Packaging and Labeling docs legis wisconsin gov Archived from the original on January 30 2021 Retrieved September 7 2021 a b Burns Jane Amid a rise in artisanal butter state to make it easier to get a buttermaker license madison com Archived from the original on May 7 2021 Retrieved May 6 2021 Wisconsin Legislature Chapter ATCP 69 docs legis wisconsin gov July 2011 Archived from the original on January 30 2021 Retrieved September 7 2021 Butter licensing in Wisconsin madison com September 4 2010 Archived from the original on September 7 2021 Retrieved September 7 2021 Thompson 1909 a b Brockman Amber September 3 2020 Dare I Say We re a Dairy State The Advance Titan University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Archived from the original on November 29 2020 Retrieved December 5 2020 Trewartha 1924 Dairy Industry in Wisconsin Wisconsin Historical Society August 3 2012 Archived from the original on November 11 2020 Retrieved December 2 2020 Lopez Alt J Kenji February 28 2017 Detroit Style Pizza Is the Best Thing You re Gonna Make This Year The Food Lab Serious Eats Archived from the original on April 14 2020 Retrieved April 22 2020 Colby Info New England Cheesemaking Supply Company Archived from the original on September 4 2021 Retrieved September 4 2021 White Laurel July 7 2021 Colby Angles To Be Wisconsin s Big Cheese Wisconsin Public Radio Archived from the original on September 4 2021 Retrieved September 4 2021 Sylvia Deserves Much Credit for the Milk Tester Lancaster Teller February 11 1915 Archived from the original on September 22 2021 Retrieved April 29 2021 Robson James Dairy important to Wisconsin s past future Green Bay Press Gazette Archived from the original on March 31 2021 Retrieved March 23 2021 Eschner Kat The 1870s Dairy Lobby Turned Margarine Pink So People Would Buy Butter Smithsonian Magazine Archived from the original on May 18 2021 Retrieved May 18 2021 Foran Chris Wisconsin banned selling yellow margarine for 72 years so residents smuggled it in from Illinois Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Archived from the original on May 17 2021 Retrieved May 17 2021 Wisconsin s wacky butter laws spread over centuries OnMilwaukee January 9 2019 Archived from the original on May 17 2021 Retrieved May 17 2021 Jacobs 1951 p 30 35 Barboza David June 28 2001 America s Cheese State Fights to Stay that Way Wisconsin Struggles to Keep Pace with West The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on April 17 2016 Retrieved December 8 2020 a b Barrett Rick February 18 2020 Struggling to Tread Water Dairy Farmers Are Caught in an Economic System with No Winning Formula Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Archived from the original on December 11 2020 Retrieved December 8 2020 America s Dairyland Wisconsin s farmers see bleak future the Guardian February 23 2020 Archived from the original on June 26 2021 Retrieved May 17 2021 Kushner Jacobs May 26 2010 Wisconsin dairy farms are growing along with their immigrant work forces Wisconsin Watch Archived from the original on March 14 2021 Retrieved March 27 2021 Barrett Rick April 3 2020 Wisconsin Farmers Forced to Dump Milk as Coronavirus Slams a Fragile Dairy Economy USA Today Archived from the original on June 1 2020 Retrieved December 8 2020 Clauss Olivia March 31 2020 Dairy Farmers Grapple with Economic Fallout of COVID 19 The Badger Herald Archived from the original on January 22 2021 Retrieved December 8 2020 Alexander McKenna November 16 2020 COVID 19 Impact on Wisconsin Dairy Farmers Eau Claire Wisconsin WQOW TV Archived from the original on November 17 2020 Retrieved December 8 2020 What is Wisconsin Known For WorldAtlas October 24 2018 Archived from the original on September 7 2021 Retrieved September 7 2021 Urdang Laurence 1988 Names and Nicknames of Places and Things Penguin Group USA p 8 ISBN 9780452009073 Archived from the original on September 6 2015 Retrieved May 25 2015 via Google Books America s Dairyland A nickname of Wisconsin a b Wisconsin State Symbols Wisconsin 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milk butter and ice cream madison com Archived from the original on September 8 2021 Retrieved September 8 2021 Karnopp Hope July 7 2021 A bill to make Colby the official state cheese is getting another chance at becoming a law Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Archived from the original on July 8 2021 Retrieved December 16 2021 Kapler Joseph Jr Spring 2002 On Wisconsin Icons When You Say Wisconsin What Do You Say The Wisconsin Magazine of History Vol 85 no 3 pp 18 31 JSTOR 4636969 Archived from the original on December 26 2018 The Big Cheese Cheesehead inventor profits from insults Archived from the original on July 14 2014 Walters Steven Doyle flips decision puts cow on quarter Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Archived from the original on March 21 2007 Retrieved March 30 2007 Sources Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dairy farms in Wisconsin Janus Edward 2011 Creating Dairyland How Caring for Cows Saved Our Soil Created Our Landscape Brought Prosperity to Our State and Still Shapes Our 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