The Windic March (German: Windische Mark; also known as Wendish March) was a medieval frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire, roughly corresponding to the Lower Carniola (Slovene: Dolenjska) region in present-day Slovenia. In Slovenian historiography, it is known as the Slovene March (Slovene: Slovenska marka or Slovenska krajina).
The name Windic is derived from Wends (German: Wenden), the name for Western Slavs settling in the Germania Slavica contact zone. The medieval German term Windisch referred to the Slovene language, but also to Slavic languages in general. It has the same etymology as Wendische, the historic German term for the Sorbian-speaking population in Lusatia. In the 6th and 7th century the term was used by Bavarian settlers to refer to the Slavic population in the East Alpine principality of Carantania. The medieval geographic term windisches Land referred also to the region of Slavonia.[1][self-published source] In this usage, March is defined as a frontier or border area between two countries or territories.
After Margrave William of Soune had been killed by the deposed Carinthian duke Adalbero in 1036, the Windic march was separated from Carinthia and reattached to the newly established March of Carniola, which was thereafter sometimes called "Carniola and the Windic March". In 1077 King Henry IV of Germany put Carniola and the Windic March under the direction of the Patriarch of Aquileia. From 1127 to 1131 the margravial territory was further expanded in several campaigns by the Counts of Weichselburg (or Weichselberg, modern Višnja Gora) against Croatia in the union with Hungary. Backed by the Archbishop of Salzburg, they conquered the territory around Metlika up to the Kolpa River in the southeast, the later White Carniola (Bela krajina) region.
13th century
Until 1209 the Counts of Weichselburg held extended possessions in the Windic March. Through a marriage to the last heiress Sophia of Weichselburg, the Counts of Andechs, then at the peak of their power as Margraves of Istria and Dukes of Merania came to dominate the territory. It was part of the dowry of Agnes of Merania, daughter of Duke Otto I of Andechs-Merania, upon her marriage with the Frederick II of Babenberg, son of Duke Leopold VI of Austria, in 1229. Frederick II thereafter called himself a dominus Carniole (Lord of Carniola) and succeeded his father as Duke of Austria and Styria in the following year.
In 1248 the title was picked up by Duke Ulrich III of Carinthia, who had married Agnes of Merania after Frederick's death in 1246. When Duke Ulrich died in 1269, King Ottokar II of Bohemia occupied and unified Carniola, the Windic March, the valley of the Savinja, and the Slovenj Gradec as "the march" of his vast kingdom extending from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic. After 1282, despite King Rudolf I's grant to his sons, Carniola and the Windic march were united under the control of the Meinhardiner duke Meinhard of Carinthia. During this period, the entity became known as the County in the March and Möttlig (Metlika). After 1374, the Windic March fell to the House of Habsburg. The Habsburgs however soon pawned it to the Counts of Cilli who remained the de facto rulers of the territory until their extinction in 1456. The Habsburgs retook the Windic March together with all other Cilli possessions in the Holy Roman Empire. They immediately reunited it with Carniola, and the Windic March thus ceased to be a separate political entity.
^August Dimitz (2013). History of Carniola Volume II: From Ancient Times to the Year 1813 with Special Consideration of Cultural Development. Xlibris Corporation. p. 229. ISBN9781483604114.
^Revue des études slaves. Vol. 70. Imprimerie Nationale. 1998. p. 116.
^Matej Bor; Jožef Šavli; Jožko Šavli; Ivan Tomažič (1989). Veneti: naši davni predniki. Editiones Veneti. p. 160.
^Slovene Studies. Vol. 12. Society for Slovene Studies. 1990. [Sclaui coinomento] Winidi (623), marca Winedorum (631), Walluc dux Winedorum (631), exercitum Winitorum (631)
External links
Media related to Windic March at Wikimedia Commons
windic, march, confused, with, slovene, march, kingdom, hungary, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, new. Not to be confused with Slovene March Kingdom of Hungary This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Windic March news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Windic March German Windische Mark also known as Wendish March was a medieval frontier march of the Holy Roman Empire roughly corresponding to the Lower Carniola Slovene Dolenjska region in present day Slovenia In Slovenian historiography it is known as the Slovene March Slovene Slovenska marka or Slovenska krajina Map of the Duchy of Carniola Windic March and Istria by Johann Homann 1663 1724 after Johann Weikhard von Valvasor 1641 1693 Lower Carniola and Windic March in green Arms of the Windic March featuring a traditional Slovene hat Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2 1 Earliest mentions 2 2 8th 10th century 2 3 11th 12th century 2 4 13th century 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksEtymology EditThe name Windic is derived from Wends German Wenden the name for Western Slavs settling in the Germania Slavica contact zone The medieval German term Windisch referred to the Slovene language but also to Slavic languages in general It has the same etymology as Wendische the historic German term for the Sorbian speaking population in Lusatia In the 6th and 7th century the term was used by Bavarian settlers to refer to the Slavic population in the East Alpine principality of Carantania The medieval geographic term windisches Land referred also to the region of Slavonia 1 self published source In this usage March is defined as a frontier or border area between two countries or territories History EditEarliest mentions Edit The Chronicle of Fredegar mentions Sclavos coinomento Winedorum in 623 2 Samo s tribal union included the Windic March Marca Vinedorum of Duke Valuk Wallucus Dux located in the Eastern Alps 3 in 631 4 8th 10th century Edit The territory of the Windic march was contained within the larger March of Carniola in Carolingian times but under King Otto I of Germany from about 960 on it was separated from Upper Carniola Gorenjska and integrated into the March of Savinja or Soune In 976 it was attached to the newly founded Duchy of Carinthia 11th 12th century Edit After Margrave William of Soune had been killed by the deposed Carinthian duke Adalbero in 1036 the Windic march was separated from Carinthia and reattached to the newly established March of Carniola which was thereafter sometimes called Carniola and the Windic March In 1077 King Henry IV of Germany put Carniola and the Windic March under the direction of the Patriarch of Aquileia From 1127 to 1131 the margravial territory was further expanded in several campaigns by the Counts of Weichselburg or Weichselberg modern Visnja Gora against Croatia in the union with Hungary Backed by the Archbishop of Salzburg they conquered the territory around Metlika up to the Kolpa River in the southeast the later White Carniola Bela krajina region 13th century Edit Until 1209 the Counts of Weichselburg held extended possessions in the Windic March Through a marriage to the last heiress Sophia of Weichselburg the Counts of Andechs then at the peak of their power as Margraves of Istria and Dukes of Merania came to dominate the territory It was part of the dowry of Agnes of Merania daughter of Duke Otto I of Andechs Merania upon her marriage with the Frederick II of Babenberg son of Duke Leopold VI of Austria in 1229 Frederick II thereafter called himself a dominus Carniole Lord of Carniola and succeeded his father as Duke of Austria and Styria in the following year In 1248 the title was picked up by Duke Ulrich III of Carinthia who had married Agnes of Merania after Frederick s death in 1246 When Duke Ulrich died in 1269 King Ottokar II of Bohemia occupied and unified Carniola the Windic March the valley of the Savinja and the Slovenj Gradec as the march of his vast kingdom extending from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic After 1282 despite King Rudolf I s grant to his sons Carniola and the Windic march were united under the control of the Meinhardiner duke Meinhard of Carinthia During this period the entity became known as the County in the March and Mottlig Metlika After 1374 the Windic March fell to the House of Habsburg The Habsburgs however soon pawned it to the Counts of Cilli who remained the de facto rulers of the territory until their extinction in 1456 The Habsburgs retook the Windic March together with all other Cilli possessions in the Holy Roman Empire They immediately reunited it with Carniola and the Windic March thus ceased to be a separate political entity The head of the House of Habsburg continued carrying the title of Lord on the Windic March in the grand title of the Emperor of Austria See also EditSlovene Lands History of Slovenia Inner AustriaReferences Edit August Dimitz 2013 History of Carniola Volume II From Ancient Times to the Year 1813 with Special Consideration of Cultural Development Xlibris Corporation p 229 ISBN 9781483604114 Revue des etudes slaves Vol 70 Imprimerie Nationale 1998 p 116 Matej Bor Jozef Savli Jozko Savli Ivan Tomazic 1989 Veneti nasi davni predniki Editiones Veneti p 160 Slovene Studies Vol 12 Society for Slovene Studies 1990 Sclaui coinomento Winidi 623 marca Winedorum 631 Walluc dux Winedorum 631 exercitum Winitorum 631 External links Edit Media related to Windic March at Wikimedia Commons Coordinates 45 48 7 2 N 14 49 53 55 E 45 802000 N 14 8315417 E 45 802000 14 8315417 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Windic March amp oldid 1089968585, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
