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William Swann

January 01, 1970

For other people named William Swann, see William Swann (disambiguation).

William B. Swann (born 1952) is a professor of social and personality psychology at the University of Texas at Austin. He is primarily known for his work on identity, self and self-esteem, but has also done research on relationships, social cognition, group processes, accuracy in person perception and interpersonal expectancy effects. He received his Ph.D. in 1978[2] from the University of Minnesota and undergraduate degree from Gettysburg College.[1]

William B. Swann
Born
New Jersey
Alma materGettysburg College
University of Minnesota
Known forSelf-verification theory Identity fusion Identity negotiation
AwardsResearch Scientist Development Award, National Institute of Mental Health (twice),[1] Distinguished Lifetime Career Award, International Society for Self and Identity, 2016, Career Contribution Award, Society of Personality and Social Psychology, 2018
Scientific career
FieldsSocial Psychology, Personality psychology
InstitutionsUniversity of Texas at Austin

Research edit

Self-verification theory edit

Swann devised self-verification theory,[3] which focuses on people's desire to be known and understood by others. Once people develop firmly held beliefs about themselves, the theory suggests that they will come to prefer that others see them as they see themselves—even if their self-views are negative. Swann and his colleagues have found this tendency in many experiments.[4][5] For example, married people with negative self-views are more committed to the relationship and less likely to divorce if their spouse views them negatively.[6] Recent research has applied this theory to understanding phenomena ranging from reactions to procedural justice in organizations,[7] the productivity of members of work groups and teams,[8] and extreme group behavior, such as fighting for one's group.[9]

There is a tension between self-enhancement (the drive for a positive self-image) and self-verification, which reinforces even the negative aspects of a self-image. Swann and colleagues have found that emotional reactions favor enhancement, while more thoughtful processes favor verification.[10][11] They also found that people are more likely to seek enhancement early on in a relationship, but verification as the relationship develops.[10]

Identity negotiation edit

More recently Swann has contributed to identity negotiation theory. Identity negotiation refers to the processes whereby people in relationships reach agreements regarding "who is who." Once reached, these agreements govern what people expect of one another and the way they relate to one another. As such, identity negotiation processes provide the interpersonal "glue" that holds relationships together.[12] Identity negotiation theory has been used to examine how people work or study together in groups, especially the role of diversity.[12]

Identity fusion edit

Identity fusion is a visceral sense of "oneness" with a group and its individual members that motivates personally costly, pro-group behaviors.[9][13] Past approaches, most notably social identity theory, have assumed that when people align with groups they are bound to the group by collective ties to the group category.[14][15] Fusion theory emphasizes the ways in which alignment to groups can be based on fit with the personal self and attachment to other group members. Strongly fused persons are especially inclined to endorse pro-group action when either the personal or the social self is salient, when physiological arousal is high, or when they perceive that group members share essential qualities (e.g., genes, core values) with one another.[16][17][18][19] Moreover, feelings of personal agency, perceptions of family-like ties to other group members, and a sense of group-related invulnerability mediate the link between identity fusion and pro-group behaviors. All of these effects emerge while controlling for identification, which predicted extreme sacrifice for the group weakly if at all. Moreover, identity fusion is associated with actual extreme behaviors, such as willingness to volunteer for front-line duty among Libyans during the 2011 revolution.[20] By specifying some of the key antecedents of extreme pro-group behavior as well as the role of the personal self and relational, family like ties in such behavior, the identity-fusion approach fills an important explanatory gap left largely unaddressed by earlier perspectives on group processes.

Academic service edit

Swann was the 2010 President of the Society of Experimental Social Psychology.[21]

References edit

  1. ^ a b http://www.mccombs.utexas.edu/execed/faculty/bios/swann.asp [dead link]
  2. ^ Nosek, Brian A.; Jesse Graham; Nicole M. Lindner; Selin Kesebir; Carlee Beth Hawkins; Cheryl Hahn; Kathleen Schmidt; Matt Motyl; Jennifer Joy-Gaba; Rebecca Frazier; Elizabeth R. Tenney (2010). "Cumulative and Career-Stage Citation Impact of Social-Personality Psychology Programs and Their Members". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 36 (10): 1283–1300. doi:10.1177/0146167210378111. PMID 20668215. S2CID 5662937.
  3. ^ Jackson, Ronald L. (29 June 2010). "Self-Enhancement Theory". Encyclopedia of Identity. SAGE Publications. p. 367. ISBN 978-1-4129-5153-1. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
  4. ^ Kassin, Saul; Fein, Steven; Markus, Hazel Rose (29 January 2010). Social Psychology. Cengage Learning. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-495-81240-1. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
  5. ^ Hauf, Petra; Försterling, Friedrich (2007). Making minds: the shaping of human minds through social context. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 69. ISBN 978-90-272-2234-3. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
  6. ^ Swann, William B.; Rentfrow, Peter J.; Guinn, Jennifer S. (13 July 2005). "Self-verification: the search for coherence". In Mark R. Leary, June Price Tangney (ed.). Handbook of self and identity. Guilford Press. pp. 367–383. ISBN 978-1-59385-237-5. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
  7. ^ North, Rebecca; Swann, William (2009). "Self-verification 360°: Illuminating the Light and Dark Sides". Self and Identity. 8 (2): 131–146. doi:10.1080/15298860802501516. ISSN 1529-8868. S2CID 13017456.
  8. ^ Swann, William B.; Kwan, Virginia S. Y.; Polzer, Jeffrey T.; Milton, Laurie P. (2003). "Fostering Group Identification and Creativity in Diverse Groups: The Role of Individuation and Self-Verification". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 29 (11): 1396–1406. doi:10.1177/0146167203256868. ISSN 0146-1672. PMID 15189577. S2CID 11200102.
  9. ^ a b Swann, William B.; Gómez, Ángel; Seyle, D. Conor; Morales, J. Francisco; Huici, Carmen (2009). "Identity fusion: The interplay of personal and social identities in extreme group behavior". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 96 (5): 995–1011. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.596.6883. doi:10.1037/a0013668. ISSN 1939-1315. PMID 19379032.
  10. ^ a b Sorrentino, Richard M.; Yamaguchi, Susumu (2 June 2008). Handbook of motivation and cognition across cultures. Academic Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-12-373694-9. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
  11. ^ Kwang, T.; Swann, W. B. (2010). "Do People Embrace Praise Even When They Feel Unworthy? A Review of Critical Tests of Self-Enhancement Versus Self-Verification". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 14 (3): 263–280. doi:10.1177/1088868310365876. ISSN 1088-8683. PMID 20435799. S2CID 10975254.
  12. ^ a b Swann, William B. (1987). "Identity negotiation: Where two roads meet". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 53 (6): 1038–1051. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.323.4130. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.6.1038. ISSN 1939-1315. PMID 3320335. S2CID 6759432.
  13. ^ Swann, W.B.; Jetten, J.; Gomez, A.; Whitehouse, H.; Bastian, B (2012). "When group membership gets personal: A theory of identity fusion". Psychological Review. 119 (3): 441–456. doi:10.1037/a0028589. PMID 22642548.
  14. ^ Tajfel, H.; Turner, J.C. (1979). "An integrative theory of intergroup conflict.". In William, G.A. (ed.). The social psychology of intergroup relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. pp. 33–47. ISBN 978-0818502781.
  15. ^ Turner, J.C.; Hogg, M.A.; Oakes, P.J.; Reicher, S.D.; Wetherell, M.S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: self-categorization theory. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 9780631148067.
  16. ^ Swann, W.B.; Gomez, A; Dovidio, J.F.; Hart, S; Jetten, J. (2010). "Dying and Killing for One's Group". Psychological Science. 21 (8): 1176–1183. doi:10.1177/0956797610376656. PMID 20622141. S2CID 16751081.
  17. ^ Swann, W.B.; Buhrmester, M.D.; Gomez, A; Jetten, J; Bastian, B; Vazquez, A; Ariyanto, A; Besta, T; Christ, O (2014). "What makes a group worth dying for? Identity fusion fosters perception of familial ties, promoting self-sacrifice". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 106 (6): 912–926. doi:10.1037/a0036089. PMID 24841096.
  18. ^ Swann, W.B.; Gomez, A; Burhmester, M.D.; Lopez-Rodriguez, L.; Jiménez, J.; Vázquez, A. (2014). "Contemplating the ultimate sacrifice: Identity fusion channels pro-group affect, cognition, and moral decision making". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 106 (5): 713–727. doi:10.1037/a0035809. PMID 24749820.
  19. ^ Swann, W.B.; Gomez, A.; Huici, C., C.; Morales, J.F.; Hixon, J.G. (2010). "Identity fusion and self-sacrifice: Arousal as a catalyst of pro-group fighting, dying, and helping behavior". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 99 (5): 824–841. doi:10.1037/a0020014. PMID 20649370.
  20. ^ Whitehouse, H.; McQuinn, B.; Buhrmester, M.D.; Swann, W.B. (2014). "Brothers in arms: Libyan revolutionaries bond like family". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (20): 17783–17785. doi:10.1073/pnas.1416284111. PMC 4273349. PMID 25385591.
  21. ^ "SESP Officers and Committees". www.sesp.org. Society for Experimental Social Psychology. Retrieved 2 January 2011.

Further reading edit

  • Goleman, Daniel (October 15, 1991). "Happy or Sad, a Mood Can Prove Contagious". New York Times. Retrieved 2 January 2011.

External links edit

  • William Swann's Webpage at the University of Texas
  • Social Psychology Network Professional Profile

January 01, 1970
william, swann, other, people, named, disambiguation, william, swann, born, 1952, professor, social, personality, psychology, university, texas, austin, primarily, known, work, identity, self, self, esteem, also, done, research, relationships, social, cognitio. For other people named William Swann see William Swann disambiguation William B Swann born 1952 is a professor of social and personality psychology at the University of Texas at Austin He is primarily known for his work on identity self and self esteem but has also done research on relationships social cognition group processes accuracy in person perception and interpersonal expectancy effects He received his Ph D in 1978 2 from the University of Minnesota and undergraduate degree from Gettysburg College 1 William B SwannBornNew JerseyAlma materGettysburg CollegeUniversity of MinnesotaKnown forSelf verification theory Identity fusion Identity negotiationAwardsResearch Scientist Development Award National Institute of Mental Health twice 1 Distinguished Lifetime Career Award International Society for Self and Identity 2016 Career Contribution Award Society of Personality and Social Psychology 2018Scientific careerFieldsSocial Psychology Personality psychologyInstitutionsUniversity of Texas at Austin Contents 1 Research 1 1 Self verification theory 1 2 Identity negotiation 1 3 Identity fusion 2 Academic service 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksResearch editSelf verification theory edit Swann devised self verification theory 3 which focuses on people s desire to be known and understood by others Once people develop firmly held beliefs about themselves the theory suggests that they will come to prefer that others see them as they see themselves even if their self views are negative Swann and his colleagues have found this tendency in many experiments 4 5 For example married people with negative self views are more committed to the relationship and less likely to divorce if their spouse views them negatively 6 Recent research has applied this theory to understanding phenomena ranging from reactions to procedural justice in organizations 7 the productivity of members of work groups and teams 8 and extreme group behavior such as fighting for one s group 9 There is a tension between self enhancement the drive for a positive self image and self verification which reinforces even the negative aspects of a self image Swann and colleagues have found that emotional reactions favor enhancement while more thoughtful processes favor verification 10 11 They also found that people are more likely to seek enhancement early on in a relationship but verification as the relationship develops 10 Identity negotiation edit More recently Swann has contributed to identity negotiation theory Identity negotiation refers to the processes whereby people in relationships reach agreements regarding who is who Once reached these agreements govern what people expect of one another and the way they relate to one another As such identity negotiation processes provide the interpersonal glue that holds relationships together 12 Identity negotiation theory has been used to examine how people work or study together in groups especially the role of diversity 12 Identity fusion edit Identity fusion is a visceral sense of oneness with a group and its individual members that motivates personally costly pro group behaviors 9 13 Past approaches most notably social identity theory have assumed that when people align with groups they are bound to the group by collective ties to the group category 14 15 Fusion theory emphasizes the ways in which alignment to groups can be based on fit with the personal self and attachment to other group members Strongly fused persons are especially inclined to endorse pro group action when either the personal or the social self is salient when physiological arousal is high or when they perceive that group members share essential qualities e g genes core values with one another 16 17 18 19 Moreover feelings of personal agency perceptions of family like ties to other group members and a sense of group related invulnerability mediate the link between identity fusion and pro group behaviors All of these effects emerge while controlling for identification which predicted extreme sacrifice for the group weakly if at all Moreover identity fusion is associated with actual extreme behaviors such as willingness to volunteer for front line duty among Libyans during the 2011 revolution 20 By specifying some of the key antecedents of extreme pro group behavior as well as the role of the personal self and relational family like ties in such behavior the identity fusion approach fills an important explanatory gap left largely unaddressed by earlier perspectives on group processes Academic service editSwann was the 2010 President of the Society of Experimental Social Psychology 21 References edit a b http www mccombs utexas edu execed faculty bios swann asp dead link Nosek Brian A Jesse Graham Nicole M Lindner Selin Kesebir Carlee Beth Hawkins Cheryl Hahn Kathleen Schmidt Matt Motyl Jennifer Joy Gaba Rebecca Frazier Elizabeth R Tenney 2010 Cumulative and Career Stage Citation Impact of Social Personality Psychology Programs and Their Members Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 36 10 1283 1300 doi 10 1177 0146167210378111 PMID 20668215 S2CID 5662937 Jackson Ronald L 29 June 2010 Self Enhancement Theory Encyclopedia of Identity SAGE Publications p 367 ISBN 978 1 4129 5153 1 Retrieved 22 March 2011 Kassin Saul Fein Steven Markus Hazel Rose 29 January 2010 Social Psychology Cengage Learning p 92 ISBN 978 0 495 81240 1 Retrieved 22 March 2011 Hauf Petra Forsterling Friedrich 2007 Making minds the shaping of human minds through social context John Benjamins Publishing Company p 69 ISBN 978 90 272 2234 3 Retrieved 22 March 2011 Swann William B Rentfrow Peter J Guinn Jennifer S 13 July 2005 Self verification the search for coherence In Mark R Leary June Price Tangney ed Handbook of self and identity Guilford Press pp 367 383 ISBN 978 1 59385 237 5 Retrieved 22 March 2011 North Rebecca Swann William 2009 Self verification 360 Illuminating the Light and Dark Sides Self and Identity 8 2 131 146 doi 10 1080 15298860802501516 ISSN 1529 8868 S2CID 13017456 Swann William B Kwan Virginia S Y Polzer Jeffrey T Milton Laurie P 2003 Fostering Group Identification and Creativity in Diverse Groups The Role of Individuation and Self Verification Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29 11 1396 1406 doi 10 1177 0146167203256868 ISSN 0146 1672 PMID 15189577 S2CID 11200102 a b Swann William B Gomez Angel Seyle D Conor Morales J Francisco Huici Carmen 2009 Identity fusion The interplay of personal and social identities in extreme group behavior Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 96 5 995 1011 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 596 6883 doi 10 1037 a0013668 ISSN 1939 1315 PMID 19379032 a b Sorrentino Richard M Yamaguchi Susumu 2 June 2008 Handbook of motivation and cognition across cultures Academic Press p 134 ISBN 978 0 12 373694 9 Retrieved 22 March 2011 Kwang T Swann W B 2010 Do People Embrace Praise Even When They Feel Unworthy A Review of Critical Tests of Self Enhancement Versus Self Verification Personality and Social Psychology Review 14 3 263 280 doi 10 1177 1088868310365876 ISSN 1088 8683 PMID 20435799 S2CID 10975254 a b Swann William B 1987 Identity negotiation Where two roads meet Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53 6 1038 1051 CiteSeerX 10 1 1 323 4130 doi 10 1037 0022 3514 53 6 1038 ISSN 1939 1315 PMID 3320335 S2CID 6759432 Swann W B Jetten J Gomez A Whitehouse H Bastian B 2012 When group membership gets personal A theory of identity fusion Psychological Review 119 3 441 456 doi 10 1037 a0028589 PMID 22642548 Tajfel H Turner J C 1979 An integrative theory of intergroup conflict In William G A ed The social psychology of intergroup relations Monterey CA Brooks Cole pp 33 47 ISBN 978 0818502781 Turner J C Hogg M A Oakes P J Reicher S D Wetherell M S 1987 Rediscovering the social group self categorization theory Oxford UK Basil Blackwell ISBN 9780631148067 Swann W B Gomez A Dovidio J F Hart S Jetten J 2010 Dying and Killing for One s Group Psychological Science 21 8 1176 1183 doi 10 1177 0956797610376656 PMID 20622141 S2CID 16751081 Swann W B Buhrmester M D Gomez A Jetten J Bastian B Vazquez A Ariyanto A Besta T Christ O 2014 What makes a group worth dying for Identity fusion fosters perception of familial ties promoting self sacrifice Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 106 6 912 926 doi 10 1037 a0036089 PMID 24841096 Swann W B Gomez A Burhmester M D Lopez Rodriguez L Jimenez J Vazquez A 2014 Contemplating the ultimate sacrifice Identity fusion channels pro group affect cognition and moral decision making Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 106 5 713 727 doi 10 1037 a0035809 PMID 24749820 Swann W B Gomez A Huici C C Morales J F Hixon J G 2010 Identity fusion and self sacrifice Arousal as a catalyst of pro group fighting dying and helping behavior Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 99 5 824 841 doi 10 1037 a0020014 PMID 20649370 Whitehouse H McQuinn B Buhrmester M D Swann W B 2014 Brothers in arms Libyan revolutionaries bond like family Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 20 17783 17785 doi 10 1073 pnas 1416284111 PMC 4273349 PMID 25385591 SESP Officers and Committees www sesp org Society for Experimental Social Psychology Retrieved 2 January 2011 Further reading editGoleman Daniel October 15 1991 Happy or Sad a Mood Can Prove Contagious New York Times Retrieved 2 January 2011 External links editWilliam Swann s Webpage at the University of Texas Social Psychology Network Professional Profile Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title William Swann amp oldid 1219037193, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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