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Wikipedia coverage of American politics

January 13, 2023

Coverage of American politics in Wikipedia is a subject that has received substantial attention from the media. Since its founding in 2001, Wikipedia has provided coverage of five United States presidential elections, and six mid-term elections at the federal level, as well as numerous "off-year" state elections and special elections.

Wikipedia has received both praise and criticism for elements of its political coverage, with some sources asserting that Wikipedia exhibits political neutrality and others asserting the presence of ideological bias on Wikipedia. A nonideological criticism leveled at Wikipedia is that the project's internal standards for notability tend to favor incumbents of either party over challengers, and tend to favor people in male-dominated professions over women. This results in incumbent candidates in prominent elections receiving large amounts of traffic, while challengers who are not already notable through some other achievement, such as being a professional athlete, have no article or are redirected to a generic article on the election. Substantial debates have occurred within the project over the appropriate point at which to create an article for a challenger, particularly where a challenger is the nominee of one of the two major parties that dominate American politics, where the office contested is particularly visible, and where sources consider the challenger to have a chance to win the election.

The capacity for Wikipedia to be edited by anyone has, conversely, led to circumstances where political figures, or those who work for them, have directly tried to change the content of their own articles, as well as of articles on their opponents. This has resulted in scrutiny of United States congressional staff edits to Wikipedia.

Editorial activity

2016 United States presidential election

In the early stages of the 2016 United States presidential election, The New York Observer reported that Wikipedia's article on Donald Trump was the busiest of the 2016 U.S. presidential candidates.[1] The New York Times noted that the article usually attracted more views than his Republican rivals.[2] In September 2016, Business Insider reported that the article subject was one of the 29 most controversial people on Wikipedia,[3] and the following month The New York Observer reported that the article entry was bulkier than either the articles on George W. Bush and Barack Obama,[4] while The Washington Post reported that the article had more than three times the number of edits than Hillary Clinton since January 2015.[5] The article was the second most edited English Wikipedia article of 2016. It was reported by Billboard,[6] PCMag,[7] The Verge,[8] and others.

Following Trump's election, his article was the second most viewed English Wikipedia article of 2017, at 29.6 million views, and was covered in reporting by Mashable,[9] Newshub,[10] VentureBeat,[11] and others. In 2018, the article was covered for image vandalism.[12]

Editing by political operatives

Main article: Political editing on Wikipedia

During the 2006 election cycle

Main article: United States congressional staff edits to Wikipedia

Some Wikipedia edits by staff of the United States Congress have created controversy, notably in early to mid-2006. Several such instances, such as those involving Marty Meehan, Norm Coleman, Conrad Burns,[13] Joe Biden, Tom Harkin, and Tom Coburn received significant media attention.[14] Others, such as those involving Gil Gutknecht,[15] David Davis,[16] and Mike Pence,[17] were reported but received less widespread coverage.

Biographical information on various politicians was edited by their own staff to remove undesirable information (including pejorative statements quoted, or broken campaign promises), add favorable information or "glowing" tributes, add negative information to opponents' biographies, or replace the article in part or whole by staff-authored biographies.[14]

On January 27, 2006, The Sun, published an article entitled "Rewriting history under the dome", which revealed the editing by Congressional staff members of Representative Marty Meehan's Wikipedia entry.[14][18] Further investigation by Wikipedia editors discovered over a thousand edits by IP addresses allocated to either the House of Representatives or the Senate. Wikipedia editors found that most of the edits were considered to be in good faith, but a minority of edits were considered improper. At least one of the addresses involved was prohibited from further editing.[19]

In 2011, vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin commented on the history of Paul Revere. This led to Palin supporters attempting to change the Wikipedia article about him to match Palin's comments.[20][21][22]

Ed Summers, a web developer, created a Twitter feed in 2014 to notify any changes made from IP addresses associated with the U.S. Congress: @congressedits was an automated Twitter account initiated in 2014 that tweeted anonymous changes to Wikipedia articles that originated from IP addresses belonging to the United States Congress. The changes were presumed to have been made by the staffs of US elected representatives and senators. In September 2018, an anonymous editor from Congress posted the personal information of several Republican senators into their articles,[23] leading to CongressEdits being banned from Twitter.

In August 2014, the Cato Institute suggested that Congressional staffers should spend spare time editing Wikipedia. A panel hosted by the institute endorsed the idea so that congressional staffers could use their time to write neutral and informative articles about proposed legislation to better educate the public. Experts on the panel considered the two main obstacles to doing this as being skepticism towards Wikipedia and the history of biased editing from Congressional staffers. The Cato Institute suggested one way to overcome these issues would be for the staffers to create user accounts and user profile pages disclosing their connections with Congress.[24]

On September 27 2018, the disambiguation page for "Devil's Triangle" was edited from a House of Representatives IP address to describe it as a drinking game, matching the testimony of Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh regarding his use of the term in his high school yearbook.[25][26]

Assessments of bias and impartiality

Main article: Ideological bias on Wikipedia

In a September 2010 issue of the conservative weekly Human Events, Rowan Scarborough presented a critique of Wikipedia's coverage of American politicians prominent in the approaching U.S. midterm elections as evidence of systemic liberal bias. Scarborough compares the biographical articles of liberal and conservative opponents in Senate races in the Alaska Republican primary and the Delaware and Nevada general election, emphasizing the quantity of negative coverage of Tea Party movement-endorsed candidates. He also cites criticism by writer Lawrence Solomon and quotes in full the lead section of Wikipedia's article on Conservapedia as evidence of an underlying bias.[27]

In Is Wikipedia Biased? (2012), the authors examined a sample of 28,382 articles related to U.S. politics as of January 2011, measuring their degree of bias on a "slant index" based on a method developed by economists Matthew Gentzkow and Jesse Shapiro in 2010, to measure bias in newspaper media.[28] This slant index purports to measure an ideological lean toward either Democratic or Republican based on key phrases within the text such as "war in Iraq", "civil rights", "trade deficit", "economic growth", "illegal immigration" and "border security". Each phrase is assigned a slant index based on how often it is used by Democratic vs. Republican members of U.S. Congress and this lean rating is assigned to a Wikipedia contribution that includes the same key phrase. The authors concluded that older articles from the early years of Wikipedia leaned Democratic, whereas those created more recently held more balance. They suggest that articles did not change their bias significantly due to revision, but rather that over time newer articles containing opposite points of view were responsible for centering the average overall.[29][30][31]: 4–5 

In a more extensive American follow-up study, Do Experts or Collective Intelligence Write with More Bias? Evidence from Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia (2018), Greenstein and Zhu directly compare about 4,000 articles related to U.S. politics between Wikipedia (written by an online community) and the matching articles from Encyclopædia Britannica (written by experts) using similar methods as their 2010 study to measure "slant" (Democratic vs. Republican) and to quantify the degree of "bias". The authors found that "Wikipedia articles are more slanted towards Democratic views than are Britannica articles, as well as more biased", particularly those focusing on civil rights, corporations, and government. Entries about immigration trended toward Republican. They further found that "(t)he difference in bias between a pair of articles decreases with more revisions" and, when articles were substantially revised, the difference in bias compared to Britannica was statistically negligible. The implication, per the authors, is that "many contributions are needed to reduce considerable bias and slant to something close to neutral".[32][33][34][35][36]

During the 2020 United States presidential election, Vox wrote: "In yet another election cycle defined by copious amounts of misinformation from a variety of sources, Wikipedia wants — and is set up — to be a carefully curated resource of impartial facts".[37] During the same period, Wired noted: "Owing in part to its reputation for evenhandedness, and the way it conveniently bundles sources for readers, Wikipedia has played a growing role in American politics, too. It is not unusual for Senate candidates—including many of the high-profile candidates running right now—to see several thousand visits to their page on any given day".[38] Wired further states that in the area of politics, "Wikipedia developed a special standard, which in theory is applied equally to all: No challenger running for office automatically enjoys notability, no matter the race—even for US Senate. All candidates are inherently 'non-notable' unless they have held previous elected office or have achieved notability in their private life".[38] Wired found that this practice provided an advantage to incumbents and a disadvantage to challengers, further stating that "Wikipedia's notability litmus test doesn't just advantage political incumbents; it advantages the kind of people—insiders, celebrities, men—who already enjoy notable status in a social and economic hierarchy that others in politics may wish to democratize".[38]

References

  1. ^ Dale, Brady (January 22, 2016). "Donald Trump's Wikipedia Page Is the Busiest of the Cadidates". Observer.
  2. ^ Merrill, Jeremy B. (February 1, 2016). "On Wikipedia, Donald Trump Reigns and Facts Are Open to Debate". The New York Times.
  3. ^ McAlone, Nathan (September 25, 2016). "The 29 most controversial people on Wikipedia — including Donald Trump, Michael Jackson, and Albert Einstein". Business Insider.
  4. ^ Dale, Brady (October 12, 2016). "Donald Trump Has a Bulkier Wikipedia Entry Than Either Presidents Bush or Obama". Observer.
  5. ^ Alcantara, Chris (October 27, 2016). "Wikipedia editors are essentially writing the election guide millions of voters will read". The Washington Post.
  6. ^ Schneider, Marc (December 23, 2016). "Death, Donald Trump and Kanye West Had Year's Most Edited Wikipedia Articles". Billboard.
  7. ^ Moscaritolo, Angela (December 22, 2016). "Death and Donald Trump: Wikipedia's Most-Edited Pages of 2016". PC Magazine.
  8. ^ Vincent, James (December 23, 2016). "Death and Donald Trump were the most edited Wikipedia pages of 2016". The Verge.
  9. ^ Gilmer, Marcus (January 4, 2018). "Death and Donald Trump lead Wikipedia's top searches of 2017". Mashable.
  10. ^ Satherley, Dan (January 5, 2018). "Wikipedia's most-read articles of 2017: Death, Trump and Game of Thrones". Newshub.
  11. ^ O'Brien, Chris (January 3, 2018). "Deaths, Donald, and Bitcoin: The 50 most popular Wikipedia articles of 2017". VentureBeat.
  12. ^ Brandon, Russell (November 24, 2018). "Wikipedia's Trump penis vandals have struck again". The Verge.
  13. ^ Williams, Walt (2007-01-01). "Burns' office may have tampered with Wikipedia entry". Bozeman Daily Chronicle. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
  14. ^ a b c Anderson, Nate (January 30, 2006). "Congressional staffers edit boss's bio on Wikipedia". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2008-04-28. The activities documented included:
    • rewriting Norm Coleman's article to make more favorable, said to be "correcting errors";
    • removing from Conrad Burns' article quoted pejorative statements he had made, and replacing them with "glowing tributes" such as "the voice of the farmer"; and
    • removal of unfavorable information from Joe Biden's article.
  15. ^ Diaz, Kevin (August 16, 2006). . Star Tribune. Archived from the original on August 21, 2006.
  16. ^ article Entries on Wikipedia edited by Davis aide published August 11, 2007.
  17. ^ Carter, Zach (August 18, 2011). "Did Mike Pence's Office Edit His Wikipedia Page To Make It More Flattering?". Huffington Post.
  18. ^ Lehmann, Evan (January 27, 2006). "Rewriting history under the dome". The Lowell Sun.
  19. ^ Wikipedia editors made a fairly extensive survey of edits from Congressional IP ranges: "Wikipedia:Congressional Staffer Edits". Wikipedia. Retrieved June 22, 2006.
  20. ^ Cohen, Noam (13 June 2011). "Shedding Hazy Light on a Midnight Ride". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  21. ^ Weiner, Rachel (6 June 2011). "Fight brews over Sarah Palin on Paul Revere Wikipedia page". Washington Post. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
  22. ^ Goode, Erich (2015). The Handbook of Deviance. John Wiley & Sons. p. 306. ISBN 978-1-118-70142-3.
  23. ^ Papenfuss, Mary (28 September 2018). "Judiciary Committee Members Doxxed During Kavanaugh Testimony". The Huffington Post. Oath. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  24. ^ Schwab, Nikki (August 18, 2014). "Cato Institute Experts Call on Staffers to Edit Wikipedia". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
  25. ^ Wolf, Zach Byron (September 27, 2018). "Wikipedia entry for 'Devil's Triangle' changed to match Kavanaugh's answer". CNN. Perhaps sensing that it needed an online presence, someone on Capitol Hill, operating from a congressional IP address, decided to update Wikipedia to include an entry for "* "Devil's Triangle", a popular drinking game enjoyed by friends of Judge Brett Kavanaugh."
  26. ^ @congressedits (September 27, 2018). (Tweet). Archived from the original on September 27, 2018 – via Twitter.
  27. ^ Scarborough, Rowan (September 27, 2010). . Human Events. Archived from the original on December 7, 2010. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
  28. ^ Gentzkow, M; Shapiro, J. M. (January 2010). "What Drives Media Slant? Evidence From U.S. Daily Newspapers" (PDF). Econometrica. The Econometric Society. 78 (1): 35–71. doi:10.3982/ECTA7195. (PDF) from the original on 2019-03-14. Retrieved 2019-06-04.
  29. ^ Greenstein, Shane; Zhu, Feng (May 2012). "Is Wikipedia Biased?". American Economic Review. American Economic Association. 102 (3): 343–348. doi:10.1257/aer.102.3.343.
  30. ^ Khimm, Suzy (June 18, 2012). "Study: Wikipedia perpetuates political bias". The Washington Post. from the original on May 23, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  31. ^ Shi, Feng; Teplitskiy, Misha; Duede, Eamon; Evans, James A. (2019). "The wisdom of polarized crowds". Nature Human Behaviour. 3 (4): 329–336. arXiv:1712.06414. doi:10.1038/s41562-019-0541-6. PMID 30971793. S2CID 8947252.
  32. ^ Fitts, Alexis Sobel (June 21, 2017). "Welcome to the Wikipedia of the Alt-Right". Backchannel. Wired. from the original on January 17, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
  33. ^ Greenstein, Shane; Zhu, Feng (September 2018). "Do Experts or Collective Intelligence Write with More Bias? Evidence from Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia". MIS Quarterly. 42 (3): 945–959. doi:10.25300/MISQ/2018/14084.
  34. ^ "Is Collective Intelligence Less Biased?". BizEd. AACSB. May 1, 2015. from the original on May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  35. ^ Bhattacharya, Ananya (November 6, 2016). "Wikipedia's not as biased as you might think". Quartz. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  36. ^ Guo, Jeff (October 25, 2016). "Wikipedia is fixing one of the Internet's biggest flaws". The Washington Post. from the original on May 23, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  37. ^ Morrison, Sara (November 2, 2020). "How Wikipedia is preparing for Election Day". Vox.
  38. ^ a b c Wofford, Benjamin. "The Senate Race That Could be Pivotal for America—and Wikipedia". Wired.

January 13, 2023
wikipedia, coverage, american, politics, coverage, american, politics, wikipedia, subject, that, received, substantial, attention, from, media, since, founding, 2001, wikipedia, provided, coverage, five, united, states, presidential, elections, term, elections. Coverage of American politics in Wikipedia is a subject that has received substantial attention from the media Since its founding in 2001 Wikipedia has provided coverage of five United States presidential elections and six mid term elections at the federal level as well as numerous off year state elections and special elections Wikipedia has received both praise and criticism for elements of its political coverage with some sources asserting that Wikipedia exhibits political neutrality and others asserting the presence of ideological bias on Wikipedia A nonideological criticism leveled at Wikipedia is that the project s internal standards for notability tend to favor incumbents of either party over challengers and tend to favor people in male dominated professions over women This results in incumbent candidates in prominent elections receiving large amounts of traffic while challengers who are not already notable through some other achievement such as being a professional athlete have no article or are redirected to a generic article on the election Substantial debates have occurred within the project over the appropriate point at which to create an article for a challenger particularly where a challenger is the nominee of one of the two major parties that dominate American politics where the office contested is particularly visible and where sources consider the challenger to have a chance to win the election The capacity for Wikipedia to be edited by anyone has conversely led to circumstances where political figures or those who work for them have directly tried to change the content of their own articles as well as of articles on their opponents This has resulted in scrutiny of United States congressional staff edits to Wikipedia Contents 1 Editorial activity 1 1 2016 United States presidential election 2 Editing by political operatives 2 1 During the 2006 election cycle 3 Assessments of bias and impartiality 4 ReferencesEditorial activity Edit2016 United States presidential election Edit In the early stages of the 2016 United States presidential election The New York Observer reported that Wikipedia s article on Donald Trump was the busiest of the 2016 U S presidential candidates 1 The New York Times noted that the article usually attracted more views than his Republican rivals 2 In September 2016 Business Insider reported that the article subject was one of the 29 most controversial people on Wikipedia 3 and the following month The New York Observer reported that the article entry was bulkier than either the articles on George W Bush and Barack Obama 4 while The Washington Post reported that the article had more than three times the number of edits than Hillary Clinton since January 2015 5 The article was the second most edited English Wikipedia article of 2016 It was reported by Billboard 6 PCMag 7 The Verge 8 and others Following Trump s election his article was the second most viewed English Wikipedia article of 2017 at 29 6 million views and was covered in reporting by Mashable 9 Newshub 10 VentureBeat 11 and others In 2018 the article was covered for image vandalism 12 Editing by political operatives EditMain article Political editing on Wikipedia During the 2006 election cycle Edit Main article United States congressional staff edits to Wikipedia Some Wikipedia edits by staff of the United States Congress have created controversy notably in early to mid 2006 Several such instances such as those involving Marty Meehan Norm Coleman Conrad Burns 13 Joe Biden Tom Harkin and Tom Coburn received significant media attention 14 Others such as those involving Gil Gutknecht 15 David Davis 16 and Mike Pence 17 were reported but received less widespread coverage Biographical information on various politicians was edited by their own staff to remove undesirable information including pejorative statements quoted or broken campaign promises add favorable information or glowing tributes add negative information to opponents biographies or replace the article in part or whole by staff authored biographies 14 On January 27 2006 The Sun published an article entitled Rewriting history under the dome which revealed the editing by Congressional staff members of Representative Marty Meehan s Wikipedia entry 14 18 Further investigation by Wikipedia editors discovered over a thousand edits by IP addresses allocated to either the House of Representatives or the Senate Wikipedia editors found that most of the edits were considered to be in good faith but a minority of edits were considered improper At least one of the addresses involved was prohibited from further editing 19 In 2011 vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin commented on the history of Paul Revere This led to Palin supporters attempting to change the Wikipedia article about him to match Palin s comments 20 21 22 Ed Summers a web developer created a Twitter feed in 2014 to notify any changes made from IP addresses associated with the U S Congress congressedits was an automated Twitter account initiated in 2014 that tweeted anonymous changes to Wikipedia articles that originated from IP addresses belonging to the United States Congress The changes were presumed to have been made by the staffs of US elected representatives and senators In September 2018 an anonymous editor from Congress posted the personal information of several Republican senators into their articles 23 leading to CongressEdits being banned from Twitter In August 2014 the Cato Institute suggested that Congressional staffers should spend spare time editing Wikipedia A panel hosted by the institute endorsed the idea so that congressional staffers could use their time to write neutral and informative articles about proposed legislation to better educate the public Experts on the panel considered the two main obstacles to doing this as being skepticism towards Wikipedia and the history of biased editing from Congressional staffers The Cato Institute suggested one way to overcome these issues would be for the staffers to create user accounts and user profile pages disclosing their connections with Congress 24 On September 27 2018 the disambiguation page for Devil s Triangle was edited from a House of Representatives IP address to describe it as a drinking game matching the testimony of Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh regarding his use of the term in his high school yearbook 25 26 Assessments of bias and impartiality EditMain article Ideological bias on Wikipedia In a September 2010 issue of the conservative weekly Human Events Rowan Scarborough presented a critique of Wikipedia s coverage of American politicians prominent in the approaching U S midterm elections as evidence of systemic liberal bias Scarborough compares the biographical articles of liberal and conservative opponents in Senate races in the Alaska Republican primary and the Delaware and Nevada general election emphasizing the quantity of negative coverage of Tea Party movement endorsed candidates He also cites criticism by writer Lawrence Solomon and quotes in full the lead section of Wikipedia s article on Conservapedia as evidence of an underlying bias 27 In Is Wikipedia Biased 2012 the authors examined a sample of 28 382 articles related to U S politics as of January 2011 measuring their degree of bias on a slant index based on a method developed by economists Matthew Gentzkow and Jesse Shapiro in 2010 to measure bias in newspaper media 28 This slant index purports to measure an ideological lean toward either Democratic or Republican based on key phrases within the text such as war in Iraq civil rights trade deficit economic growth illegal immigration and border security Each phrase is assigned a slant index based on how often it is used by Democratic vs Republican members of U S Congress and this lean rating is assigned to a Wikipedia contribution that includes the same key phrase The authors concluded that older articles from the early years of Wikipedia leaned Democratic whereas those created more recently held more balance They suggest that articles did not change their bias significantly due to revision but rather that over time newer articles containing opposite points of view were responsible for centering the average overall 29 30 31 4 5 In a more extensive American follow up study Do Experts or Collective Intelligence Write with More Bias Evidence from Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia 2018 Greenstein and Zhu directly compare about 4 000 articles related to U S politics between Wikipedia written by an online community and the matching articles from Encyclopaedia Britannica written by experts using similar methods as their 2010 study to measure slant Democratic vs Republican and to quantify the degree of bias The authors found that Wikipedia articles are more slanted towards Democratic views than are Britannica articles as well as more biased particularly those focusing on civil rights corporations and government Entries about immigration trended toward Republican They further found that t he difference in bias between a pair of articles decreases with more revisions and when articles were substantially revised the difference in bias compared to Britannica was statistically negligible The implication per the authors is that many contributions are needed to reduce considerable bias and slant to something close to neutral 32 33 34 35 36 During the 2020 United States presidential election Vox wrote In yet another election cycle defined by copious amounts of misinformation from a variety of sources Wikipedia wants and is set up to be a carefully curated resource of impartial facts 37 During the same period Wired noted Owing in part to its reputation for evenhandedness and the way it conveniently bundles sources for readers Wikipedia has played a growing role in American politics too It is not unusual for Senate candidates including many of the high profile candidates running right now to see several thousand visits to their page on any given day 38 Wired further states that in the area of politics Wikipedia developed a special standard which in theory is applied equally to all No challenger running for office automatically enjoys notability no matter the race even for US Senate All candidates are inherently non notable unless they have held previous elected office or have achieved notability in their private life 38 Wired found that this practice provided an advantage to incumbents and a disadvantage to challengers further stating that Wikipedia s notability litmus test doesn t just advantage political incumbents it advantages the kind of people insiders celebrities men who already enjoy notable status in a social and economic hierarchy that others in politics may wish to democratize 38 References Edit Dale Brady January 22 2016 Donald Trump s Wikipedia Page Is the Busiest of the Cadidates Observer Merrill Jeremy B February 1 2016 On Wikipedia Donald Trump Reigns and Facts Are Open to Debate The New York Times McAlone Nathan September 25 2016 The 29 most controversial people on Wikipedia including Donald Trump Michael Jackson and Albert Einstein Business Insider Dale Brady October 12 2016 Donald Trump Has a Bulkier Wikipedia Entry Than Either Presidents Bush or Obama Observer Alcantara Chris October 27 2016 Wikipedia editors are essentially writing the election guide millions of voters will read The Washington Post Schneider Marc December 23 2016 Death Donald Trump and Kanye West Had Year s Most Edited Wikipedia Articles Billboard Moscaritolo Angela December 22 2016 Death and Donald Trump Wikipedia s Most Edited Pages of 2016 PC Magazine Vincent James December 23 2016 Death and Donald Trump were the most edited Wikipedia pages of 2016 The Verge Gilmer Marcus January 4 2018 Death and Donald Trump lead Wikipedia s top searches of 2017 Mashable Satherley Dan January 5 2018 Wikipedia s most read articles of 2017 Death Trump and Game of Thrones Newshub O Brien Chris January 3 2018 Deaths Donald and Bitcoin The 50 most popular Wikipedia articles of 2017 VentureBeat Brandon Russell November 24 2018 Wikipedia s Trump penis vandals have struck again The Verge Williams Walt 2007 01 01 Burns office may have tampered with Wikipedia entry Bozeman Daily Chronicle Retrieved 2007 02 13 a b c Anderson Nate January 30 2006 Congressional staffers edit boss s bio on Wikipedia Ars Technica Retrieved 2008 04 28 The activities documented included rewriting Norm Coleman s article to make more favorable said to be correcting errors removing from Conrad Burns article quoted pejorative statements he had made and replacing them with glowing tributes such as the voice of the farmer and removal of unfavorable information from Joe Biden s article Diaz Kevin August 16 2006 Gutknecht joins Wikipedia tweakers Star Tribune Archived from the original on August 21 2006 Knoxnews article Entries on Wikipedia edited by Davis aide published August 11 2007 Carter Zach August 18 2011 Did Mike Pence s Office Edit His Wikipedia Page To Make It More Flattering Huffington Post Lehmann Evan January 27 2006 Rewriting history under the dome The Lowell Sun Wikipedia editors made a fairly extensive survey of edits from Congressional IP ranges Wikipedia Congressional Staffer Edits Wikipedia Retrieved June 22 2006 Cohen Noam 13 June 2011 Shedding Hazy Light on a Midnight Ride The New York Times Retrieved 7 May 2021 Weiner Rachel 6 June 2011 Fight brews over Sarah Palin on Paul Revere Wikipedia page Washington Post Retrieved 7 May 2021 Goode Erich 2015 The Handbook of Deviance John Wiley amp Sons p 306 ISBN 978 1 118 70142 3 Papenfuss Mary 28 September 2018 Judiciary Committee Members Doxxed During Kavanaugh Testimony The Huffington Post Oath Retrieved 2 October 2018 Schwab Nikki August 18 2014 Cato Institute Experts Call on Staffers to Edit Wikipedia U S News amp World Report Retrieved August 18 2014 Wolf Zach Byron September 27 2018 Wikipedia entry for Devil s Triangle changed to match Kavanaugh s answer CNN Perhaps sensing that it needed an online presence someone on Capitol Hill operating from a congressional IP address decided to update Wikipedia to include an entry for Devil s Triangle a popular drinking game enjoyed by friends of Judge Brett Kavanaugh congressedits September 27 2018 Devil s Triangle disambiguation Wikipedia article edited anonymously from US House of Representatives en wikipedia org w index php diff 861497321 amp oldid 839322382 Tweet Archived from the original on September 27 2018 via Twitter Scarborough Rowan September 27 2010 Wikipedia Whacks the Right Human Events Archived from the original on December 7 2010 Retrieved October 3 2010 Gentzkow M Shapiro J M January 2010 What Drives Media Slant Evidence From U S Daily Newspapers PDF Econometrica The Econometric Society 78 1 35 71 doi 10 3982 ECTA7195 Archived PDF from the original on 2019 03 14 Retrieved 2019 06 04 Greenstein Shane Zhu Feng May 2012 Is Wikipedia Biased American Economic Review American Economic Association 102 3 343 348 doi 10 1257 aer 102 3 343 Khimm Suzy June 18 2012 Study Wikipedia perpetuates political bias The Washington Post Archived from the original on May 23 2018 Retrieved May 22 2018 Shi Feng Teplitskiy Misha Duede Eamon Evans James A 2019 The wisdom of polarized crowds Nature Human Behaviour 3 4 329 336 arXiv 1712 06414 doi 10 1038 s41562 019 0541 6 PMID 30971793 S2CID 8947252 Fitts Alexis Sobel June 21 2017 Welcome to the Wikipedia of the Alt Right Backchannel Wired Archived from the original on January 17 2018 Retrieved June 1 2018 Greenstein Shane Zhu Feng September 2018 Do Experts or Collective Intelligence Write with More Bias Evidence from Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia MIS Quarterly 42 3 945 959 doi 10 25300 MISQ 2018 14084 Is Collective Intelligence Less Biased BizEd AACSB May 1 2015 Archived from the original on May 22 2018 Retrieved May 17 2018 Bhattacharya Ananya November 6 2016 Wikipedia s not as biased as you might think Quartz Retrieved June 4 2018 Guo Jeff October 25 2016 Wikipedia is fixing one of the Internet s biggest flaws The Washington Post Archived from the original on May 23 2018 Retrieved May 17 2018 Morrison Sara November 2 2020 How Wikipedia is preparing for Election Day Vox a b c Wofford Benjamin The Senate Race That Could be Pivotal for America and Wikipedia Wired Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wikipedia coverage of American politics amp oldid 1123464556, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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