Acanthurus nigricans, the goldrim surgeonfish, velvet surgeon, whitecheek surgeonfish, yellow-banded surgeonfish or yellowrimmed surgeonfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the familyAcanthuridae, the surgeonfishes, unicornfishes and tangs. This species is found from the central Indo-Pacific area to the eastern Pacific coast, Hawaii included.[3]
Acanthurus nigricans was first formally described by Linnaeus in the 10th edition of the Systema Naturae published in 1758 with the type locality given as the Red Sea but it is actually thought to be Indonesia.[4] This species forms a species complex with three other species in the genus Acanthurus, A. achilles, A. japonicus and A. leucosernon, these three all having parapatric distributions in respect to each other but all within the range of A. nigricans which frequently hybridises with the other three species.[5] The genus Acanthurus is one of two genera in the tribe Acanthurini which is one of three tribes in the subfamilyAcanthurinae which is one of two subfamilies in the family Acanthuridae.[6]
Etymologyedit
Acanthurus nigricans has the specific namenigricans which means "swarthy" or "blackish", a reference to the bluish-black colour of this fish's body.[7]
Descriptionedit
Acanthurus nigricans has a body which is shaped like an elongated oval, with a steep dorsal profile to the head and an eye positioned high on the head. It has a small protrusible mouth with between 8 and 28 small teeth on the jaws which have flattened, notched tips.[8] The dorsal fin is supported by 9 spines and between 28 and 31 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 26 to 28 soft rays.[2] The overall colour is bluish-black or black broken by a large patch of white below the eye. There is a yellow band at the base of both the dorsal and anal fins and this widens as it approaches the caudal fin. The caudal peduncle has a patch of yellow around the spine and its sheath. The caudal fin is white with a slender yellow submarginal band.[8] This species has a maximum published fork length of 36 cm (14 in).[2]
Distribution and habitatedit
Acanthrus nigricans is found as far east as the Chagos Islands in the British Indian Ocean Territory in the central Indian Ocean, Christams Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands in the eastern Indian Ocean. In the Pacific Ocena it is more widespread and is found from the Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan south to the Great Barrier Reef and east across the Pacific to the eastern coasts of Central and South American between the Gulf of California and Ecuador.[1] It is a benthopelagic fish with the adults being found at depths from the surface down to 67 m (220 ft) over hard substrates in clear waters in lagoons and over seaward reefs. The juveniles hide among large corals.[2]
Referencesedit
^ abAbesamis, R.; Clements, K.D.; Choat, J.H.; et al. (2012). "Acanthurus nigricans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T177969A1506081. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T177969A1506081.en. Retrieved 8 January 2022.
^ abcdFroese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2023). "Acanthurus nigricans" in FishBase. June 2023 version.
^Kaithefishguy (11 April 2015). "Speciation and hybridisation of the Acanthurus nigricans complex". Reef Builders. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
^J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN978-1-118-34233-6.
^Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (12 January 2021). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 2): Families EPHIPPIDAE, LEIOGNATHIDAE, SCATOPHAGIDAE, ANTIGONIIDAE, SIGANIDAE, CAPROIDAE, LUVARIDAE, ZANCLIDAE and ACANTHURIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
^ ab"Species: Acanthurus nigricans, Goldrimmed surgeonfish, Whitecheek surgeonfish". Shorefishes of the Eastern Pacific online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
External linksedit
Media related to Acanthurus nigricans at Wikimedia Commons
acanthurus, nigricans, goldrim, surgeonfish, velvet, surgeon, whitecheek, surgeonfish, yellow, banded, surgeonfish, yellowrimmed, surgeonfish, species, marine, finned, fish, belonging, family, acanthuridae, surgeonfishes, unicornfishes, tangs, this, species, f. Acanthurus nigricans the goldrim surgeonfish velvet surgeon whitecheek surgeonfish yellow banded surgeonfish or yellowrimmed surgeonfish is a species of marine ray finned fish belonging to the family Acanthuridae the surgeonfishes unicornfishes and tangs This species is found from the central Indo Pacific area to the eastern Pacific coast Hawaii included 3 Acanthurus nigricans Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Acanthuriformes Family Acanthuridae Genus Acanthurus Species A nigricans Binomial name Acanthurus nigricans Linnaeus 1758 Synonyms 2 Chaetodon nigricans Linnaeus 1758Acanthurus glaucopareius Cuvier 1829Acanthurus aliala Lesson 1831 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Etymology 3 Description 4 Distribution and habitat 5 References 6 External linksTaxonomy editAcanthurus nigricans was first formally described by Linnaeus in the 10th edition of the Systema Naturae published in 1758 with the type locality given as the Red Sea but it is actually thought to be Indonesia 4 This species forms a species complex with three other species in the genus Acanthurus A achilles A japonicus and A leucosernon these three all having parapatric distributions in respect to each other but all within the range of A nigricans which frequently hybridises with the other three species 5 The genus Acanthurus is one of two genera in the tribe Acanthurini which is one of three tribes in the subfamily Acanthurinae which is one of two subfamilies in the family Acanthuridae 6 Etymology editAcanthurus nigricans has the specific name nigricans which means swarthy or blackish a reference to the bluish black colour of this fish s body 7 Description editAcanthurus nigricans has a body which is shaped like an elongated oval with a steep dorsal profile to the head and an eye positioned high on the head It has a small protrusible mouth with between 8 and 28 small teeth on the jaws which have flattened notched tips 8 The dorsal fin is supported by 9 spines and between 28 and 31 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 26 to 28 soft rays 2 The overall colour is bluish black or black broken by a large patch of white below the eye There is a yellow band at the base of both the dorsal and anal fins and this widens as it approaches the caudal fin The caudal peduncle has a patch of yellow around the spine and its sheath The caudal fin is white with a slender yellow submarginal band 8 This species has a maximum published fork length of 36 cm 14 in 2 Distribution and habitat editAcanthrus nigricans is found as far east as the Chagos Islands in the British Indian Ocean Territory in the central Indian Ocean Christams Island and the Cocos Keeling Islands in the eastern Indian Ocean In the Pacific Ocena it is more widespread and is found from the Ryukyu Islands of southern Japan south to the Great Barrier Reef and east across the Pacific to the eastern coasts of Central and South American between the Gulf of California and Ecuador 1 It is a benthopelagic fish with the adults being found at depths from the surface down to 67 m 220 ft over hard substrates in clear waters in lagoons and over seaward reefs The juveniles hide among large corals 2 References edit a b Abesamis R Clements K D Choat J H et al 2012 Acanthurus nigricans IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012 e T177969A1506081 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2012 RLTS T177969A1506081 en Retrieved 8 January 2022 a b c d Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2023 Acanthurus nigricans in FishBase June 2023 version Acanthurus nigricans Distribution Encyclopedia of Life Retrieved 3 May 2014 Eschmeyer William N Fricke Ron amp van der Laan Richard eds Species in the genus Acanthurus Catalog of Fishes California Academy of Sciences Retrieved 23 September 2023 Kaithefishguy 11 April 2015 Speciation and hybridisation of the Acanthurus nigricans complex Reef Builders Retrieved 23 September 2023 J S Nelson T C Grande M V H Wilson 2016 Fishes of the World 5th ed Wiley pp 497 502 ISBN 978 1 118 34233 6 Christopher Scharpf amp Kenneth J Lazara eds 12 January 2021 Order ACANTHURIFORMES part 2 Families EPHIPPIDAE LEIOGNATHIDAE SCATOPHAGIDAE ANTIGONIIDAE SIGANIDAE CAPROIDAE LUVARIDAE ZANCLIDAE and ACANTHURIDAE The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Retrieved 23 September 2023 a b Species Acanthurus nigricans Goldrimmed surgeonfish Whitecheek surgeonfish Shorefishes of the Eastern Pacific online information system Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Retrieved 23 September 2023 External links edit nbsp Media related to Acanthurus nigricans at Wikimedia Commons Photos of Acanthurus nigricans on Sealife Collection failed verification Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Acanthurus nigricans amp oldid 1219530433, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
