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White Wolf Publishing

January 01, 1970

White Wolf Entertainment AB, formerly White Wolf Publishing, was an American roleplaying game and book publisher. The company was founded in 1991 as a merger between Lion Rampant[3] and White Wolf Magazine (est. 1986 in Rocky Face, GA; it later became "White Wolf Inphobia"), and was initially led by Mark Rein-Hagen of the former and Steve Wieck and Stewart Wieck of the latter. White Wolf Publishing, Inc. merged with CCP Games in 2006.[4] White Wolf Publishing operated as an imprint of CCP hf, but ceased in-house production of any material, instead licensing their properties to other publishers. It was announced in October 2015 that White Wolf had been acquired from CCP by Paradox Interactive.[5] In November 2018, after most of its staff were dismissed[6] for making controversial statements, it was announced that White Wolf would no longer function as an entity separate from Paradox Interactive.

White Wolf Entertainment AB
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryRole-playing games
Founded1991 (White Wolf Corporation[1])
2016-05-25?[2] (White Wolf Entertainment AB trademark filing date)
HeadquartersStockholm, Sweden
Parent
Websitewww.white-wolf.com

The name "White Wolf" originates from Michael Moorcock's works.

Overview edit

White Wolf published a line of several different but overlapping games set in the "World of Darkness", a "modern gothic" world that, while seemingly similar to the real world, is home to supernatural terrors, ancient conspiracies, and several approaching apocalypses. The company also published the high fantasy Exalted RPG, the modern mythic Scion, and d20 system material under their Sword & Sorcery imprint, including such titles as the Dungeons & Dragons gothic horror campaign setting Ravenloft, and Monte Cook's Arcana Unearthed series. In order to complement the World of Darkness game line, a LARP system dubbed Mind's Eye Theatre has been published.

White Wolf also released several series of novels based on the Old World of Darkness, all of which are currently out of print (although many are coming back into availability via print-on-demand).

White Wolf also ventured in the collectible card game market with Arcadia, Rage, and Vampire: The Eternal Struggle (formerly Jyhad). V:TES, perhaps the most successful card game, was originally published by Wizards of the Coast in 1994, but was abandoned just two years later after a revamped base set, name change and three expansions were published. White Wolf acquired the rights to the game in 2000, even though no new material had been produced for the game in over four years. Since then, several V:TES expansions have been released, and the game was the only official source of material for the Old World of Darkness, until 2011 when the 20th Anniversary Edition of Vampire: The Masquerade was published and the Onyx Path was announced.[7]

Video games such as Vampire: The Masquerade - Redemption and Vampire: The Masquerade - Bloodlines are based on White Wolf's role-playing game Vampire: The Masquerade. There are also several Hunter: The Reckoning video games.

Merger and MMO edit

On Saturday, 11 November 2006, White Wolf and CCP Games, the Icelandic MMO development company responsible for EVE Online, announced a merger between the two companies during the keynote address at the EVE Online Fanfest 2006. It was also revealed that a World of Darkness MMORPG was already in the planning stages.[4] This game was cancelled in April 2014 after nine years of development.[8]

The Onyx Path edit

Main article: Onyx Path Publishing

At GenCon 2012 it was announced that CCP Games/White Wolf would not continue to produce table-top RPGs [citation needed]. Onyx Path Publishing, a new company by White Wolf Creative Director Richard Thomas, purchased the Trinity games and Scion from CCP and became licensee for the production of World of Darkness titles (classic and new), as well as Exalted. Onyx Path does not, however, hold a license to the Mind's Eye Theatre titles.

Purchase by Paradox Interactive edit

On Thursday, 29 October 2015, Paradox Interactive and CCP announced that Paradox had purchased White Wolf and all of its intellectual properties. Tobias Sjögren would serve as the CEO of the revived company, which would remain a subsidiary of Paradox. Martin Ericsson, formerly a developer on the World of Darkness MMO, served in the "Lead Storyteller" role for the company.[5]

In November 2018, as a result of backlash generated by material pertaining to "murder of gay Chechens" published in a Vampire: The Masquerade Fifth Edition source book as well as the inclusion of optional neo-Nazi aesthetic in the Brujah vampire clan,[9] it was announced that White Wolf would no longer function as an entity separate from its parent company, and would cease developing and publishing products internally.[10][11][12]

RPG products edit

The Old or Classic World of Darkness game lines edit

The games of this series use White Wolf's Storyteller System. Several games inspired spinoffs in the form of historical period settings such as the Dark Ages.

In addition to those game lines a series of books was produced under the title World of Darkness. These provided stand-alone materials for multiple game lines with the focus on a specific region or theme, e.g. WoD: Blood-Dimmed Tides (about the oceans),[13] WoD: Combat (an alternative 'crossover' combat system to resolve contradictory mechanics and add some sophistication), WoD: Tokyo and WoD: Mafia.

For the Third Edition of Ars Magica, White Wolf connected that game's pseudohistorical setting to the future World of Darkness setting. This was a simple adjustment (since the core premise of both settings is 'Earth as we know it' + 'supernatural fiction is reality') and particularly suited to the 'Tremere connection' between a clan of vampires from the original Vampire and a House of magi in the Order of Hermes (the central organization of Ars Magica as well as one of the 'Traditions' in M:TA).

The Chronicles of Darkness game lines edit

The games of this series use White Wolf's newer Storytelling System. For over a decade it was also known as "World of Darkness," causing it to be referred to as the "new World of Darkness" or nWoD to distinguish it from the prior line of games. In December 2015, it was renamed "Chronicles of Darkness"[14] by its new publisher Onyx Path in order to more clearly distinguish the two given Paradox Entertainment's intention to reboot the original setting.

Age of Sorrows edit

Trinity Universe edit

Trinity was originally named Æon, but a trademark issue with Viacom related to the MTV show Æon Flux resulted in a name change.[15]

Other edit

Mind's Eye Theatre (LARP) edit

The majority of the Old World of Darkness games were adapted into the original Mind's Eye Theatre format for live-action roleplaying. Product lines in this era include:

Subsequently, the Mind's Eye Theatre was revamped for the New World of Darkness. A core Mind's Eye Theatre rulebook was published as the LARP analogue to the World of Darkness core rulebook, with several Mind's Eye Theatre adaptations following in suit: The Requiem, The Forsaken, and The Awakening each adapted their respective namesakes to the new system of MET rules. The license to produce Mind's Eye Theatre content was acquired by By Night Studios in 2013.

By Night Studios edit

At Midwinter Gaming Convention in 2013 it was announced that as a result of CCP Games' discontinuation of publishing, By Night Studios had acquired the license to all Mind's Eye Theatre titles. In May 2013, By Night Studios launched a successful Kickstarter campaign[16] to rebuild the Mind's Eye Theatre: Vampire The Masquerade product specifically for the Live-Action Role Play audience. The book was published in December 2013. This was followed by Mind's Eye Theatre: Werewolf the Apocalypse in October 2016 and Mind's Eye Theatre: Changeling the Dreaming in 2020.

In 2019, By Night Studios released Mind's Eye Theatre: Vampire the Masquerade, Volume II: Issue 1, intended to be the first in a series of releases featuring new character options. Eventually each of these releases would be collected within a full edition of Volume II. This plan was eventually scrapped in favor of releasing the full version of Mind's Eye Theatre: Vampire the Masquerade, Volume 2 in October 2021, featuring the additional new rules that were slated to appear in Issues 2 and 3.[17]

After publication of Vampire the Masquerade, Volume 2, work began Mind's Eye Theatre: Werewolf the Apocalypse, Volume 2, which was written but never scheduled for formal release. In February 2023, the manuscript was released on the By Night Studios website for free.[18]

In May 2023, By Night Studios announced a new Laws of the Night, featuring new live action rules based on Vampire: The Masquerade, Fifth Edition. A crowdfunding campaign was launched and successfully raised $111,165 with a target goal of $25,000. The PDF version of the book was released online in September 2023, with physical copies scheduled to ship in 2024.[19]

By Night Studios also published Mind's Eye Theatre: Vampire the Masquerade: War of Ages in 2023, which took the setting for Vampire the Masquerade, Fifth Edition and re-imagined the game in the style of Nordic Live action role-playing games, focusing less on game mechanics in favor of a deeper focus on immersive role-playing.[20]

Fiction edit

In the 1990s, White Wolf also published fiction. This included novels and anthologies based on White Wolf's games, as well as general fantasy and horror fiction.[21] White Wolf printed several Elric of Melniboné collections by Michael Moorcock.[22] The company also put out general fiction collections by Harlan Ellison, as well as several paperback editions of the "Borderlands" anthologies edited by Thomas F. Monteleone.[23]

Imprints and labels edit

White Wolf had different imprints under which various books are published, most notably:

Black Dog Game Factory was also a fictional company in the World of Darkness, as detailed in the Subsidiaries: A Guide to Pentex game supplement.

Reception edit

White Wolf won the 2004 Silver Ennie Award for "Best Publisher".[24]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Trademark Search". tmsearch.uspto.gov.
  2. ^ "WHITE WOLF - White Wolf Entertainment Ab Trademark Registration". USPTO.report.
  3. ^ A Brief History of Game #10: Lion Rampant: 1987-1990, RPGnet (Retrieved 14 June 2007)
  4. ^ a b . ccpgames.com. 11 November 2006. Archived from the original on 4 April 2010.
  5. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  6. ^ "Paradox reins in White Wolf after offensive passages in Vampire: The Masquerade RPG". Polygon. 16 November 2018.
  7. ^ "White Wolf Release Schedule 2011-2012". White Wolf Publishing. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
  8. ^ Ian G Williams (5 June 2014). "World of Darkness - the inside story on the death of a game". the Guardian.
  9. ^ Hall, Charlie (2018-07-13). "Vampire: The Masquerade maker responds to accusations it caters to neo-Nazi groups". Polygon. Retrieved 2020-01-31.
  10. ^ Shams Jorjani. "A Message From White Wolf". White Wolf.
  11. ^ Batchelor, James (19 November 2018). "Paradox taking control of White Wolf after Vampire: The Masquerade LGBTQ+ controversy". GamesIndustry.biz. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
  12. ^ Hall, Charlie (22 December 2018). "White Wolf hands over Vampire tabletop RPG to new leadership". Polygon. Retrieved 2019-02-14.
  13. ^ "Pyramid Pick: Blood-Dimmed Tides". Pyramid. June 1999.
  14. ^ "Announcing Chronicles of Darkness!". theonyxpath.com. 12 December 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
  15. ^ Melville, Sean (February 1998). "MTV forces Æon name change". InQuest. No. 34. Wizard Entertainment. p. 20.
  16. ^ Night Studios. "Mind's Eye Theatre: Vampire The Masquerade Kickstarter". Kickstarter.
  17. ^ "Volume 2 - MET: VTM". By Night Studios.
  18. ^ "It's grrrreat! Werewolf 2 is out- FOR FREE!". By Night Studios.
  19. ^ Night Studios (18 June 2023). "Laws of the Night - BackerKit". BackerKit.
  20. ^ "Mind's Eye Theatre: Vampire The Masquerade: War of Ages - By Night Studios | Storytellers Vault". www.storytellersvault.com.
  21. ^ Neil Barron, Fantasy and Horror: A Critical and Historical Guide to Literature, Illustration, Film, TV, Radio, and the Internet, Scarecrow Press, 1999 ISBN 0810835967 (p.431)
  22. ^ Diana Tixier Herald, Fluent in Fantasy: A Guide to Reading Interests. Libraries Unlimited, 1999 ISBN 1563086557 (p.20).
  23. ^ "Monteleone, Thomas F(rancis)", by Don D'Ammassa in David Pringle, St. James Guide to Horror, Ghost & Gothic Writers. London : St. James Press, 1998, ISBN 978-1-55862-206-7 (pp. 414-5).
  24. ^ . www.ennie-awards.com. Archived from the original on 17 August 2009. Retrieved 27 April 2022.

External links edit

  • White Wolf - Official web site.

January 01, 1970
white, wolf, publishing, white, wolf, entertainment, formerly, american, roleplaying, game, book, publisher, company, founded, 1991, merger, between, lion, rampant, white, wolf, magazine, 1986, rocky, face, later, became, white, wolf, inphobia, initially, mark. White Wolf Entertainment AB formerly White Wolf Publishing was an American roleplaying game and book publisher The company was founded in 1991 as a merger between Lion Rampant 3 and White Wolf Magazine est 1986 in Rocky Face GA it later became White Wolf Inphobia and was initially led by Mark Rein Hagen of the former and Steve Wieck and Stewart Wieck of the latter White Wolf Publishing Inc merged with CCP Games in 2006 4 White Wolf Publishing operated as an imprint of CCP hf but ceased in house production of any material instead licensing their properties to other publishers It was announced in October 2015 that White Wolf had been acquired from CCP by Paradox Interactive 5 In November 2018 after most of its staff were dismissed 6 for making controversial statements it was announced that White Wolf would no longer function as an entity separate from Paradox Interactive White Wolf Entertainment ABCompany typeSubsidiaryIndustryRole playing gamesFounded1991 White Wolf Corporation 1 2016 05 25 2 White Wolf Entertainment AB trademark filing date HeadquartersStockholm SwedenParentIndependent 1991 2006 CCP Games 2006 2015 Paradox Interactive 2015 present Websitewww wbr white wolf wbr com The name White Wolf originates from Michael Moorcock s works Contents 1 Overview 1 1 Merger and MMO 1 2 The Onyx Path 1 3 Purchase by Paradox Interactive 2 RPG products 2 1 The Old or Classic World of Darkness game lines 2 2 The Chronicles of Darkness game lines 2 3 Age of Sorrows 2 4 Trinity Universe 2 5 Other 3 Mind s Eye Theatre LARP 3 1 By Night Studios 4 Fiction 4 1 Imprints and labels 5 Reception 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksOverview editWhite Wolf published a line of several different but overlapping games set in the World of Darkness a modern gothic world that while seemingly similar to the real world is home to supernatural terrors ancient conspiracies and several approaching apocalypses The company also published the high fantasy Exalted RPG the modern mythic Scion and d20 system material under their Sword amp Sorcery imprint including such titles as the Dungeons amp Dragons gothic horror campaign setting Ravenloft and Monte Cook s Arcana Unearthed series In order to complement the World of Darkness game line a LARP system dubbed Mind s Eye Theatre has been published White Wolf also released several series of novels based on the Old World of Darkness all of which are currently out of print although many are coming back into availability via print on demand White Wolf also ventured in the collectible card game market with Arcadia Rage and Vampire The Eternal Struggle formerly Jyhad V TES perhaps the most successful card game was originally published by Wizards of the Coast in 1994 but was abandoned just two years later after a revamped base set name change and three expansions were published White Wolf acquired the rights to the game in 2000 even though no new material had been produced for the game in over four years Since then several V TES expansions have been released and the game was the only official source of material for the Old World of Darkness until 2011 when the 20th Anniversary Edition of Vampire The Masquerade was published and the Onyx Path was announced 7 Video games such as Vampire The Masquerade Redemption and Vampire The Masquerade Bloodlines are based on White Wolf s role playing game Vampire The Masquerade There are also several Hunter The Reckoning video games Merger and MMO edit On Saturday 11 November 2006 White Wolf and CCP Games the Icelandic MMO development company responsible for EVE Online announced a merger between the two companies during the keynote address at the EVE Online Fanfest 2006 It was also revealed that a World of Darkness MMORPG was already in the planning stages 4 This game was cancelled in April 2014 after nine years of development 8 The Onyx Path edit Main article Onyx Path Publishing At GenCon 2012 it was announced that CCP Games White Wolf would not continue to produce table top RPGs citation needed Onyx Path Publishing a new company by White Wolf Creative Director Richard Thomas purchased the Trinity games and Scion from CCP and became licensee for the production of World of Darkness titles classic and new as well as Exalted Onyx Path does not however hold a license to the Mind s Eye Theatre titles Purchase by Paradox Interactive edit On Thursday 29 October 2015 Paradox Interactive and CCP announced that Paradox had purchased White Wolf and all of its intellectual properties Tobias Sjogren would serve as the CEO of the revived company which would remain a subsidiary of Paradox Martin Ericsson formerly a developer on the World of Darkness MMO served in the Lead Storyteller role for the company 5 In November 2018 as a result of backlash generated by material pertaining to murder of gay Chechens published in a Vampire The Masquerade Fifth Edition source book as well as the inclusion of optional neo Nazi aesthetic in the Brujah vampire clan 9 it was announced that White Wolf would no longer function as an entity separate from its parent company and would cease developing and publishing products internally 10 11 12 RPG products editThe Old or Classic World of Darkness game lines edit The games of this series use White Wolf s Storyteller System Several games inspired spinoffs in the form of historical period settings such as the Dark Ages Vampire The Masquerade including the spinoffs Vampire The Dark Ages Dark Ages Vampire and Victorian Age Vampire Werewolf The Apocalypse including the spinoffs Werewolf The Wild West and Werewolf The Dark Ages Dark Ages Werewolf Mage The Ascension including the spinoffs Mage The Sorcerer s Crusade and Dark Ages Mage Wraith The Oblivion including the spinoff Wraith The Great War Changeling The Dreaming including the spinoff Dark Ages Fae Kindred of the East including the spinoff Blood and Silk Hunter The Reckoning including the semi spinoff Dark Ages Inquisitor Mummy The Resurrection Demon The Fallen including the spinoff Dark Ages Devil s Due Orpheus In addition to those game lines a series of books was produced under the title World of Darkness These provided stand alone materials for multiple game lines with the focus on a specific region or theme e g WoD Blood Dimmed Tides about the oceans 13 WoD Combat an alternative crossover combat system to resolve contradictory mechanics and add some sophistication WoD Tokyo and WoD Mafia For the Third Edition of Ars Magica White Wolf connected that game s pseudohistorical setting to the future World of Darkness setting This was a simple adjustment since the core premise of both settings is Earth as we know it supernatural fiction is reality and particularly suited to the Tremere connection between a clan of vampires from the original Vampire and a House of magi in the Order of Hermes the central organization of Ars Magica as well as one of the Traditions in M TA The Chronicles of Darkness game lines edit The games of this series use White Wolf s newer Storytelling System For over a decade it was also known as World of Darkness causing it to be referred to as the new World of Darkness or nWoD to distinguish it from the prior line of games In December 2015 it was renamed Chronicles of Darkness 14 by its new publisher Onyx Path in order to more clearly distinguish the two given Paradox Entertainment s intention to reboot the original setting Vampire The Requiem Werewolf The Forsaken Mage The Awakening Promethean The Created Changeling The Lost Hunter The Vigil Geist The Sin Eaters Mummy The Curse Demon The Descent Beast The Primordial Age of Sorrows edit Exalted Trinity Universe edit Trinity was originally named AEon but a trademark issue with Viacom related to the MTV show AEon Flux resulted in a name change 15 Trinity science fiction and psychics Aberrant near future superheroes Adventure 1920s pulp heroes Other edit Pendragon Scion Street Fighter The Storytelling Game EngelMind s Eye Theatre LARP editThe majority of the Old World of Darkness games were adapted into the original Mind s Eye Theatre format for live action roleplaying Product lines in this era include Laws of the Night formerly Masquerade based on Vampire The Masquerade Laws of the Wild formerly Apocalypse based on Werewolf The Apocalypse Oblivion based on Wraith The Oblivion Laws of the Hunt focusing on mortals as characters The Long Night based on Vampire The Dark Ages The Shining Host based on Changeling The Dreaming Laws of the Wyld West based on Werewolf The Wild West Laws of Ascension based on Mage The Ascension Laws of the Reckoning based on Hunter The Reckoning Laws of Resurrection based on Mummy The Resurrection Laws of the East based on Kindred of the East Faith and Fire based on Dark Ages Vampire Vampire by Gaslight based on Victorian Age Vampire Subsequently the Mind s Eye Theatre was revamped for the New World of Darkness A core Mind s Eye Theatre rulebook was published as the LARP analogue to the World of Darkness core rulebook with several Mind s Eye Theatre adaptations following in suit The Requiem The Forsaken and The Awakening each adapted their respective namesakes to the new system of MET rules The license to produce Mind s Eye Theatre content was acquired by By Night Studios in 2013 By Night Studios edit At Midwinter Gaming Convention in 2013 it was announced that as a result of CCP Games discontinuation of publishing By Night Studios had acquired the license to all Mind s Eye Theatre titles In May 2013 By Night Studios launched a successful Kickstarter campaign 16 to rebuild the Mind s Eye Theatre Vampire The Masquerade product specifically for the Live Action Role Play audience The book was published in December 2013 This was followed by Mind s Eye Theatre Werewolf the Apocalypse in October 2016 and Mind s Eye Theatre Changeling the Dreaming in 2020 In 2019 By Night Studios released Mind s Eye Theatre Vampire the Masquerade Volume II Issue 1 intended to be the first in a series of releases featuring new character options Eventually each of these releases would be collected within a full edition of Volume II This plan was eventually scrapped in favor of releasing the full version of Mind s Eye Theatre Vampire the Masquerade Volume 2 in October 2021 featuring the additional new rules that were slated to appear in Issues 2 and 3 17 After publication of Vampire the Masquerade Volume 2 work began Mind s Eye Theatre Werewolf the Apocalypse Volume 2 which was written but never scheduled for formal release In February 2023 the manuscript was released on the By Night Studios website for free 18 In May 2023 By Night Studios announced a new Laws of the Night featuring new live action rules based on Vampire The Masquerade Fifth Edition A crowdfunding campaign was launched and successfully raised 111 165 with a target goal of 25 000 The PDF version of the book was released online in September 2023 with physical copies scheduled to ship in 2024 19 By Night Studios also published Mind s Eye Theatre Vampire the Masquerade War of Ages in 2023 which took the setting for Vampire the Masquerade Fifth Edition and re imagined the game in the style of Nordic Live action role playing games focusing less on game mechanics in favor of a deeper focus on immersive role playing 20 Fiction editIn the 1990s White Wolf also published fiction This included novels and anthologies based on White Wolf s games as well as general fantasy and horror fiction 21 White Wolf printed several Elric of Melnibone collections by Michael Moorcock 22 The company also put out general fiction collections by Harlan Ellison as well as several paperback editions of the Borderlands anthologies edited by Thomas F Monteleone 23 Imprints and labels edit White Wolf had different imprints under which various books are published most notably Arthaus products for which White Wolf serves as publisher not developer Black Dog Game Factory adult themed products defunct Sword and Sorcery Studios products compatible with the d20 system by Wizards of the Coast Black Dog Game Factory was also a fictional company in the World of Darkness as detailed in the Subsidiaries A Guide to Pentex game supplement Reception editWhite Wolf won the 2004 Silver Ennie Award for Best Publisher 24 See also editSword and Sorcery StudiosReferences edit Trademark Search tmsearch uspto gov WHITE WOLF White Wolf Entertainment Ab Trademark Registration USPTO report A Brief History of Game 10 Lion Rampant 1987 1990 RPGnet Retrieved 14 June 2007 a b Home CCP Games ccpgames com 11 November 2006 Archived from the original on 4 April 2010 a b Paradox Interactive Acquires White Wolf Publishing from CCP Games Archived from the original on 20 November 2015 Retrieved 20 November 2015 Paradox reins in White Wolf after offensive passages in Vampire The Masquerade RPG Polygon 16 November 2018 White Wolf Release Schedule 2011 2012 White Wolf Publishing Retrieved 2011 08 09 Ian G Williams 5 June 2014 World of Darkness the inside story on the death of a game the Guardian Hall Charlie 2018 07 13 Vampire The Masquerade maker responds to accusations it caters to neo Nazi groups Polygon Retrieved 2020 01 31 Shams Jorjani A Message From White Wolf White Wolf Batchelor James 19 November 2018 Paradox taking control of White Wolf after Vampire The Masquerade LGBTQ controversy GamesIndustry biz Retrieved 2019 02 14 Hall Charlie 22 December 2018 White Wolf hands over Vampire tabletop RPG to new leadership Polygon Retrieved 2019 02 14 Pyramid Pick Blood Dimmed Tides Pyramid June 1999 Announcing Chronicles of Darkness theonyxpath com 12 December 2015 Retrieved 2 April 2018 Melville Sean February 1998 MTV forces AEon name change InQuest No 34 Wizard Entertainment p 20 Night Studios Mind s Eye Theatre Vampire The Masquerade Kickstarter Kickstarter Volume 2 MET VTM By Night Studios It s grrrreat Werewolf 2 is out FOR FREE By Night Studios Night Studios 18 June 2023 Laws of the Night BackerKit BackerKit Mind s Eye Theatre Vampire The Masquerade War of Ages By Night Studios Storytellers Vault www storytellersvault com Neil Barron Fantasy and Horror A Critical and Historical Guide to Literature Illustration Film TV Radio and the Internet Scarecrow Press 1999 ISBN 0810835967 p 431 Diana Tixier Herald Fluent in Fantasy A Guide to Reading Interests Libraries Unlimited 1999 ISBN 1563086557 p 20 Monteleone Thomas F rancis by Don D Ammassa in David Pringle St James Guide to Horror Ghost amp Gothic Writers London St James Press 1998 ISBN 978 1 55862 206 7 pp 414 5 The ENnie Awards 2004 Awards www ennie awards com Archived from the original on 17 August 2009 Retrieved 27 April 2022 External links editWhite Wolf Official web site Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title White Wolf Publishing amp oldid 1204659233, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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