White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia
White Sulphur Springs is a city in Greenbrier County in southeastern West Virginia, United States. The population was 2,231 at the 2020 census.[3] The city emblem consists of five dandelion flowers and the citizens celebrate spring with an annual Dandelion Festival.[5]
White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia | |
|---|---|
| Nickname: Spa City | |
| Motto: Home of the Greenbrier Resort | |
Location of White Sulphur Springs in Greenbrier County, West Virginia | |
| Coordinates: 37°47′54″N 80°18′01″W / 37.79833°N 80.30028°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Greenbrier |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Lloyd Haynes |
| • City Council | Bobby Sams Bruce Bowling GP Parker Lynn Swann |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1.90 sq mi (4.91 km2) |
| • Land | 1.87 sq mi (4.85 km2) |
| • Water | 0.02 sq mi (0.06 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,850 ft (560 m) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 2,231 |
| • Estimate (2021)[3] | 2,198 |
| • Density | 1,255.21/sq mi (484.56/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 24986 |
| Area code(s) | 304, 681 |
| FIPS code | 54-86812 [4] |
| GNIS feature ID | 2390673[2] |
| Website | Official website |
History edit
White Sulphur Springs grew in the first half of the nineteenth century as the southern "Queen of the Watering Places". The springs resort first became the standard summer destination for wealthy Virginia Low Country residents seeking reprieve from heat, humidity, and disease of the "sickly season". As its popularity increased and it gained status as a socially exclusive site, the springs attracted elite guests from all over.
The resort, now known as The Greenbrier, remains one of the country's most luxurious and exclusive resorts. For many years, Sam Snead was the resort's golf pro and later golf pro emeritus. The resort has another significant place in golf history; in 1979, it hosted the first Ryder Cup to feature the current competitive setup of the United States and European sides. Golf in the United States began near White Sulphur Springs when the Montague family founded Oakhurst Links in 1884, making it the oldest organized golf club in the country. In 2010, the Greenbrier hosted the inaugural PGA Greenbrier Classic.[6]
In 1992 The Washington Post reported that, during the Cold War, the resort had been the site of a "bunker", the Emergency Relocation Center known as Project Greek Island, which was intended to house and protect the U.S. Congress in the event of a nuclear attack.[7]
In June 2016, there was a historic severe flood in West Virginia that impacted White Sulphur Springs.[8][9][10]
The Greenbrier has also served as a training camp location for the Houston Texans and New Orleans Saints.
Geography edit
White Sulphur Springs is located along Howard Creek and is served by I-64 and US Route 60.[11]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.98 square miles (5.13 km2), of which 1.95 sq mi (5.05 km2) is land and 0.03 sq mi (0.08 km2) is water.[12] It is also within the National Radio Quiet Zone. Services with AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, and U.S. Cellular is allowed within the area under lower tower frequencies.
Climate edit
White Sulphur Springs has a humid continental climate (Koppen Dfa).
| Climate data for White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1895–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 77 (25) | 79 (26) | 88 (31) | 96 (36) | 96 (36) | 99 (37) | 102 (39) | 100 (38) | 103 (39) | 93 (34) | 82 (28) | 77 (25) | 103 (39) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 40.7 (4.8) | 44.7 (7.1) | 53.3 (11.8) | 65.4 (18.6) | 72.7 (22.6) | 79.1 (26.2) | 82.7 (28.2) | 81.9 (27.7) | 76.6 (24.8) | 66.1 (18.9) | 54.6 (12.6) | 44.4 (6.9) | 63.5 (17.5) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 30.8 (−0.7) | 33.7 (0.9) | 40.9 (4.9) | 51.1 (10.6) | 59.7 (15.4) | 67.2 (19.6) | 71.1 (21.7) | 70.3 (21.3) | 64.2 (17.9) | 52.8 (11.6) | 41.8 (5.4) | 34.4 (1.3) | 51.5 (10.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 20.9 (−6.2) | 22.8 (−5.1) | 28.4 (−2.0) | 36.9 (2.7) | 46.7 (8.2) | 55.3 (12.9) | 59.6 (15.3) | 58.7 (14.8) | 51.9 (11.1) | 39.4 (4.1) | 29.1 (−1.6) | 24.4 (−4.2) | 39.5 (4.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −19 (−28) | −16 (−27) | −8 (−22) | 12 (−11) | 21 (−6) | 30 (−1) | 36 (2) | 36 (2) | 26 (−3) | 9 (−13) | −1 (−18) | −34 (−37) | −34 (−37) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.05 (77) | 2.79 (71) | 2.70 (69) | 3.66 (93) | 4.52 (115) | 3.71 (94) | 4.15 (105) | 3.34 (85) | 3.58 (91) | 2.70 (69) | 2.57 (65) | 3.26 (83) | 41.03 (1,042) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 5.6 (14) | 6.3 (16) | 3.4 (8.6) | 0.3 (0.76) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.4 (1.0) | 2.0 (5.1) | 18.1 (46) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 12.6 | 11.3 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 14.4 | 13.4 | 12.6 | 12.2 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 12.1 | 142.4 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 3.2 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2.3 | 10.8 |
| Source: NOAA[13][14] | |||||||||||||
Demographics edit
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1910 | 338 | — | |
| 1920 | 837 | 147.6% | |
| 1930 | 1,484 | 77.3% | |
| 1940 | 2,093 | 41.0% | |
| 1950 | 2,643 | 26.3% | |
| 1960 | 2,676 | 1.2% | |
| 1970 | 2,869 | 7.2% | |
| 1980 | 3,371 | 17.5% | |
| 1990 | 2,779 | −17.6% | |
| 2000 | 2,595 | −6.6% | |
| 2010 | 2,444 | −5.8% | |
| 2020 | 2,231 | −8.7% | |
| 2021 (est.) | 2,198 | [3] | −1.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[15] | |||
2010 census edit
At the 2010 census there were 2,444 people, 1,131 households, and 647 families living in the city. The population density was 1,253.3 inhabitants per square mile (483.9/km2). There were 1,414 housing units at an average density of 725.1/sq mi (280.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 83.7% White, 13.5% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3%.[16]
Of the 1,131 households, 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.8% were non-families. 37.0% of households were one person and 16.2% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.72.
The median age was 45.8 years. 17.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.9% were from 25 to 44; 28.4% were from 45 to 64; and 22.8% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.1% male and 53.9% female.
2000 census edit
At the 2000 census there were 2,315 people, 1,127 households, and 648 families living in the city. The population density was 1,179.5 people per square mile (456.0/km2). There were 1,354 housing units at an average density of 689.9 per square mile (266.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 82.55% White, 14.95% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 1.90% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.04%.[4]
Of the 1,127 households 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.7% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.5% were non-families. 38.6% of households were one person and 17.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.05 and the average family size was 2.72.
The age distribution was 19.0% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 25.8% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 20.8% 65 or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.4 males.
The median household income was $26,694 and the median family income was $35,450. Males had a median income of $28,566 versus $19,868 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,822. About 15.7% of families and 17.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.9% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over.
Education edit
- White Sulphur Springs Elementary
- Greenbrier Episcopal School
Transportation edit
Amtrak, the national passenger rail service, provides service to White Sulphur Springs three times a week via the Cardinal route. The station is located at the entrance to The Greenbrier.
The Alleghany Subdivision of the main line of the former Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad (now part of CSX) runs through White Sulphur Springs. At one time in its history it was part of the limestone flux cargo route from Hinton, West Virginia to Clifton Forge, Virginia. Its affectionate nickname was "The Gravel Gertie" after the Dick Tracy character.[citation needed]
Buildings and structures edit
In 1987 the White Sulphur Springs Library was rebuilt from the old community house. The library is being redeveloped as an educational resource and one of the hearts of the town.[17] The building containing the library was renamed the Katherine Coleman Johnson Building in 2017, after White Sulphur Springs native and NASA scientist Katherine Coleman Johnson.[18]
References edit
- ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
- ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia
- ^ a b c d Bureau, US Census. "City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021". Census.gov. US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
- ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ . Wssmainstreet.org. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
- ^ "2010 The Greenbrier Classic results - PGA Golf Leaderboard". www.foxsports.com. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
- ^ "Greenbrier", The Washington Post, 25 July 1992
- ^ West Virginia flooding leaves at least 23 dead; CNN; June 25, 2016.
- ^ Flooding in Rainelle, Richwood, White Sulphur Springs and surrounding areas; Register Herald; June 24, 2016.
- ^ 10 images and video showing devastation from historic flooding in West Virginia; ABC7 tv; June 24, 2016.
- ^ White Sulfur Springs,WV, 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle, USGS, 1995
- ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
- ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
- ^ "Station: White Sulphur Springs, WV". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2021.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 24, 2013.
- ^ White Sulphur Springs Public Library
- ^ REPORTER, Tina Alvey REGISTER-HERALD. "Katherine Johnson marks 99th birthday in Spa City". Beckley Register-Herald. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
External links edit
- "Taking the Waters: 19th Century Mineral Springs: White Sulphur Springs." Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia