Ways to Strength and Beauty

Ways to Strength and Beauty (German: Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit) is a 1925 German cultural film directed by Wilhelm Prager. The 125 minute full-length silent film was produced by Ufa-Kulturabteilung of Weimar Germany.^[2] The film was first screened on 16 March 1925 and in a revised version on 11 June 1926 in the Ufa-Palast am Zoo in Berlin.

Ways to Strength and Beauty – A film about modern physical culture
German theatrical release poster design: Wilhelm Tank, 1926^[1]
Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit – Ein Film über moderne Körperkultur
Directed by	Wilhelm Prager
Written by	Nicholas Kaufmann
Screenplay by	Wilhelm Prager Nicholas Kaufmann Ernst Krieger
Produced by	Alfred Stern, Ufa-Kulturabteilung
Starring	Dussia Bereska (Rudolf von Laban Dance School, Hamburg) Rudolf Bode Kitty Cauer Jack Dempsey David Lloyd George Jenny Hasselquist Gerhart Hauptmann Camilla Horn Niddy Impekoven Baku Ishii Konami Ishii La Jana Tamara Karsavina Nick Kaufmann (Father of the film script writer) Rocky Knight Rudolf Kobs Rudolf von Laban and his dance group Eva Liebenberg Hans Luber Bess Mensendieck Loren Murchison Benito Mussolini Ellen Petz Arthur Porrit Leni Riefenstahl Babe Ruth Carolina de la Riva Hertha von Walther Johnny Weissmuller Mary Wigman and her dance group Carr Wills Helen Wills Peter Wladimiroff
Cinematography	Friedrich Weinmann Eugen Herich Friedrich Paulmann Jakob Schatzow (slow motion) Erich Stöcker (slow motion)
Music by	Giuseppe Becce
Production companies	Ufa-Kulturabteilung Universum-Film Aktiengesellschaft (Ufa)
Distributed by	Oefa-Film Verleih
Release date	16 March 1925 (1925-03-16) (Berlin)
Running time	125 minutes
Country	Germany
Languages	Silent film, German intertitles

The documentary was an idealized, somewhat naive depiction of health and beauty in conformity with nature. The film offered a contrast to the rather hopeless lifestyles available in Berlin and other large cities of Germany during the 1920s and became an immediate success. It was the most popular and important German kulturfilm (cultural film) of this period.

Plot

The full-length silent film conceived in the UFA's cultural department shows sport, gymnastics and dance performances, but also the Roman bathing culture, in order to demonstrate not only intellectual education but also physical fitness based on the example of ancient gymnasiums and personal grooming. Physical exercise in the great outdoors was intended for preventive healthcare and prevent postural damage in adults caused by imbalanced seated occupations and the health promotion of children, but it was also a life-reforming (Lebensreform) alternative to the decadence of city life with anxieties, lack of exercise and tobacco consumption as well as national movement based on the model of gymnastics father Friedrich Ludwig Jahn. The film's scientific advisor was the German physician Nicholas Kaufmann, who also wrote the script. In contrast to traditional military sports, the film expressly addresses women, for example with gymnastics according to Bess Mensendieck, and shows sports training in a civilian function, for example for self-defense or rescue swimming.

Aesthetically, the film stages the human body in the style of classical antiquity by recreating numerous ancient scenarios and shows it extremely freely for the time. Studies in slow motion illustrate the muscular effect of individual exercises and movement sequences. The film features the first on-camera appearance of Leni Riefenstahl.

The film is divided into six parts with the titles:

• Part one: The Ancient Greeks and the New Era
• Part two: physical training for the sake of health: hygienic gymnastics
• Part three: rhythmic gymnastics
• Part four: the dance
• Part five: sport
• Part six: fresh air, sun and water

In the fifth part, numerous athletes of their time are shown, for example:

• High jump: Leroy Brown (U.S.), 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, 1.96 meters
• Charlie Paddock, America's best sprinter training
• Hubert Houben (Germany) beats the Olympic champions Paddock and Murchison (U.S.) as well as Porritt and Carr (Australia) in the 100-meter sprint
• H.H. Meyer, America's best hurdler
• Fencing: The Nadis' from Livorno, a family of famous fencers
  • Aldo Nadi, the Italian champion
  • Nedo Nadi, the world champion, winner of the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm and 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp

In the sixth part "a good example of national leaders" like:

• Arthur James Balfour playing tennis and
• David Lloyd George playing golf, as well
• John D. Rockefeller playing golf at the age of 85
• the Norwegian royal family on skis
• Benito Mussolini on horseback (later cut out) as well as
• the German poet and Nobel Prize in Literature Gerhart Hauptmann and his wife on the beach in Rapallo

Reception

As an expression of body awareness that enjoyed general popularity since 1900 in the form of Freikörperkultur (free body culture),^[3] the Lebensreform (life-reform) movement^[4] and naturism, the film reached a mass audience in the Weimar Republic and was recognized as a rashly popular "large-scale advertising film". Various advisory journals on the subject of physical culture appeared at the same time.

The film was largely positively received in contemporary reviews,^[5] at most as too long and kitschy in some scenes. All in all, the film is about "the endeavors to ensure the proper care and training of the body" in large parts of the population, especially women with office activities in the expanding service sector.^[6] It is said to be of a "pure basic mood" and "far removed from arousing any offensive feelings with a fine tact"^[7] or to appear too instructive.

Because of its "overall immoral effect" especially on young people through a "glorification of nude culture and nude exercises", the Bavarian government, to which the governments of Baden and Hesse had joined, applied for the revocation of admission to public screening in the German Reich, at least in Bavaria and before the youth. The application was rejected by the Film Review Office, in regard to the protection of minors, only two film scenes had to be cut out "with the sheer display of naked female body beauty, that up to 'undressed' intensifies". For the normally perceived adult observer, if the film is viewed in an unbiased manner, there is no overall sexual incentive.^[8]

In retrospect, due to its "idolatry"^[9] of the human body, the film is regarded as the ideological forerunner of the National Socialist body cult, as celebrated not least in Leni Riefenstahl's later propaganda films. In Ways to Strength and Beauty, Riefenstahl made an appearance as an extra in a group of dancers. The entire opening sequences of both parts of Riefenstahl's later Olympic film are almost "a copy of Ways to Strength and Beauty".^[10]

As a historical documentary film about the emergence of rhythmic gymnastics as a mass sport, which marked such a fundamental change in movement behaviour at the beginning of the 20th century that it triggered a new physical culture, the film stylized physical exercise and represents "an interesting document in terms of film history".^[11]

Film technical specifications

• Aspect ratio: 1.33:1
• Sound type: Silent
• Colour type: Black and white
• Width: 35 mm
• Frames per second: 18
• Length in metres: 2567
• Length in minutes: 125
• Reels: 6 rolls

Bibliography

• "Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit : Ein Film über moderne Körperkultur (1925)" [Ways to Strength and Beauty – A film about modern physical culture]. Stockholm: The Swedish Film Database: Swedish Film Institute. Retrieved 14 January 2022.

References

1. "Filmplakat: Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit (1926)". Das Archiv für Filmposter, Köln. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
2. "Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit: Ein Film über moderne Körperkultur (1925)" [Ways to Strength and Beauty – A film about modern physical culture]. Stockholm: The Swedish Film Database: Swedish Film Institute. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
3. Becker, Claudia (6 August 2013). "Geschichte, FKK in Deutschland: Nacktgymnastik ist die beste Triebsteuerung" [History, FKK in Germany: Nude gymnastics is the best drive control] (in German). Berlin: DIE WELT. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
4. Klose-Lewerentz, Cornelia (17 August 2007). Natürliche Körper? Körper in der Lebensreformbewegung [Natural Bodies? Body in the Life Reform Movement] (masterThesis) (in German). Berlin: Humboldt University of Berlin. doi:10.18452/14099. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
5. "SPIGEL Gesischichte, Kalenderblatt: 16.3.1925: FKK im Kino" [Spiegel History, Calendar Page: 16.3.1925: FKK in the cinema] (in German). Hamburg: Der Spiegel. 16 March 2008. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
6. Klose-Lewerentz (21 March 1925). "Filmkritik "Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit"; Reichsfilmblatt, 21. März 1925" [Film review "Ways to Strength and Beauty"; Reichsfilmblatt, 21 March 1925] (PDF) (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Deutsches Filminstitut. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
7. Filmkritik "Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit"; Der Film, Ausgabe Nr. 21/1925 [Film review "Ways to Strength and Beauty"; Issue No. 21/1925] (in German). Berlin: Der Film. Zeitschrift für die Gesamtinteressen der Kinematographie (The Film. Magazine for the General Interests of Cinematography). 1925. p. 10.
8. "Niederschrift der Verhandlung vor der Film-Oberprüfstelle Berlin, 26. September 1926" [Transcript of the proceedings before the Film Review Office Berlin, 26 September 1926] (PDF) (in German). Berlin: Film Review Office. 26 September 1926. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
9. according to the Lexikon des internationalen Films [de] (Lexicon of International Films) in its review of Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit, Volume 1 (in German).
10. Töteberg, Michael (2006). Film-Klassiker. 120 Filme [Movie Classics. 120 Movies] (in German). Stuttgart: Metzler. p. 104. ISBN 9783476021724. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
11. Lexikon des internationalen Films [de] (Lexicon of International Films) in its review of Wege zu Kraft und Schönheit, Volume 1 (in German).

External links

• Ways to Strength and Beauty at IMDb