Warren K. Lewis
Warren Kendall Lewis (21 August 1882 – 9 March 1975) was an MIT professor who has been called the father of modern chemical engineering.[1] He co-authored an early major textbook on the subject[2] which essentially introduced the concept of unit operations. He also co-developed the Houdry process under contract to The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (now ExxonMobil) into modern fluid catalytic cracking with Edwin R. Gilliland, another MIT professor.
Life edit
Lewis was born in Laurel, Delaware, on 21 August 1882 and went to MIT to study engineering. He took the chemical engineering option from the department of chemistry, matriculating in 1901.[3] This so engaged him that he went for postgraduate study of physical chemistry in Breslau, Germany, receiving the degree of DSc in 1908.[1] Shortly after, he returned to MIT to join the teaching staff.[4]
In 1909 Lewis published a paper on "The Theory of Fractional Distillation"[5] which was the basis for subsequent chemical engineering calculation methods. (He later authored 19 patents on distillation.[1]) In 1920 he became the first head of the newly formed department of chemical engineering at MIT[1] a position he held for 13 years before returning to teaching and research.
In November 1942 Lewis was appointed to chair a committee to survey the Manhattan Project and review all aspects of the bomb research and development, partly because of du Pont's doubts about the plutonium process. Their report dated December 4 supported the plutonium project. It also recommended concentrating on the gaseous diffusion process for enriching uranium and building only a small electromagnetic plant. Conant supported building a large electromagnetic plant, which Nichols says was essential to dropping the bomb in August rather than months later. The committee also suggested suitable industrial organisations and ... furnished us with a blueprint for the complete industrial organization of the project which Groves mostly followed ... and gave us more confidence concerning the feasibility of producing sufficient quantities of fissionable material.[6] In April–May 1944 another committee under Lewis recommended construction of the S-50 thermal diffusion plant developed by Philip Abelson of the US Navy.
He was made professor emeritus in 1948 and continued to work within the department until his death on 9 March 1975.
Honors edit
- 1936 Perkin Medal of the Society of Chemical Industry[7]
- 1947 Lamme Medal of the American Society of Engineering Education
- 1947 Priestley Medal of the American Chemical Society. He was the first chemical engineer to achieve the Priestley Medal.[8]
- 1949 American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal
- 1957 E. V. Murphree Award
- He is commemorated in the Warren K. Lewis Award for Chemical Engineering Education[9] of the AIChE and in the Warren K. Lewis Lectureship at MIT.[10]
References edit
- ^ a b c d Biographical Memoirs, National Academy of Science
- ^ W. H. Walker, W. K. Lewis & W. H. McAdams (1923) Principles of Chemical Engineering New York, McGraw–Hill
- ^ Hapgood, Fred (May 10, 2006). "The Catalyst: MIT professor Warren "Doc" Lewis helped shape modern chemical engineering". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
- ^ "Arthur D. Little, William H. Walker, and Warren K. Lewis". Science History Institute. June 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
- ^ Lewis, W. K. (1909). "The theory of fractional distillation". The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 1 (8): 522–533. doi:10.1021/ie50008a008.
- ^ Kenneth D. Nichols; The Road to Trinity: A Personal Account of How America's Nuclear Policies Were Made pp. 65–68 (1987, Morrow, New York) ISBN 0-688-06910-X
- ^ "SCI Perkin Medal". Science History Institute. 2016-05-31. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- ^ Chemical & Engineering News 86 (14) April 7, 2008 (special edition on Priestley Medal) 1947: Warren K. Lewis (1882–1975)
- ^ Warren K. Lewis Award
- ^ Lewis lecture