Walter Dean Burnham (June 15, 1930 – October 4, 2022) was an American political scientist who was an expert on elections and voting patterns. He was known for his quantitative analysis of national trends and patterns in voting behavior, the development of the "Party Systems" model, and the assembling of county election returns for the entire country. He was a professor in the political science department at the University of Texas at Austin.
Burnham was a specialist in election returns, and the sources of data for the ICPSR. He interpreted data in terms of statistical patterns and trends. He was primarily involved in American election data from 1824 to 1960.[3] He died at the age of 92 in 2022.[4]
The Alabama U.S. Senate race of 1962edit
In 1964, Burnham published an article on the 1962 U.S. Senate election in Alabama, when Republicans made their first strong showing for federal office since Reconstruction in the state known as "The Heart of Dixie." The Republican James D. Martin of Gadsden, an oil products distributor, challenged veteran DemocratJ. Lister Hill of Montgomery and fell only a few thousand votes short of victory. Burnham describes the Martin campaign as an aberration from the customary issueless, personalist southern primary elections. Martin's campaign was a pacesetter for subsequent southern elections in that it was waged over national issues—mobilizing the white backlash against civil rights; stressing what he saw as "free enterprise," "local control," and "individual freedom"; decrying federal spending programs; shifting emphasis from opposition to desegregation to the preservation of "states rights." Burnham found it ironic that a Republican from the populist North Alabama ran strongly in the cities and Black Belt, while the Democratic senator from the capital city of Montgomery appealed to the northern hill country, where voters appreciated programs like the Tennessee Valley Authority and were less racially conscious because of the relatively small number of African Americans in their region. Martin fared best in those counties with non-voting blacks, prior to passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. All but one of the fifteen counties which showed a decline in the Republican vote between 1960 and 1962 were in the Appalachian section of North Alabama. Martin's showing along the Gulf Coast and the Florida Panhandle was paradoxical because southeast Alabama had been traditionally the most populist since the 1890s. Two years after the Hill-Martin race, Burnham correctly forecast that the inroads of presidential Republicanism would continue in the South, but competition at the state and local levels would take root slowly.[5]
Critical Electionsedit
Burnham's 1970 book Critical Elections and the Mainsprings of American Politics presented a theory of American political development that focused on the role of party systems that endure for several decades, only to be disrupted by a critical election. Such elections not only hand presidential and congressional power to the non-incumbent political party, but they do so in a dramatic way that repudiates the worn-out ideas of the old party and initiates a new era whose leaders govern on a new set of assumptions, ideologies, and public policies. The frequency of its citation in the footnotes of other works indicates that Burnham's article "The Changing Shape of the American Political Universe" (1965) was highly influential. The majority of citations focus on the themes of voter turnout decline, realignment in 1896, and explanations for voter decline. The theory of elite, capitalist control of the political system in the 20th century has gained less attention and support.[6]
"Political immunization and political confessionalism: the United States and Weimar Germany." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 3.1 (1972): 1-30 online.
"Theory and voting research: some reflections on Converse's “Change in the American Electorate”." American Political Science Review 68.3 (1974): 1002-1023.
"The Changing Shape of the American Political Universe" American Political Science Review 59.1 (1965): 7-28. in JSTOR
The American party systems: Stages of political development edited by William Nisbet Chambers and Burnham (1975)
"American politics in the 1970s: Beyond party." in The American Party Systems (1975) pp: 308-357.
"Insulation and responsiveness in congressional elections." Political Science Quarterly 90.3 (1975): 411-435.
Critical Elections and the Mainsprings of American Politics (1970) (summary)
Politics/America: The Cutting Edge of Change (1972)
The Current Crisis in American Politics (1982)
The Evolution of American Electoral Systems (Contributions in American History) with Paul Kleppner, et al. (1981)
with Richard Rose. "The appearance and disappearance of the American voter." in The political economy (1984) pp: 112-39.
Democracy in the Making: American Government and Politics (1986), textbook
"Constitutional Moments and Punctuated Equilibria" Yale Law Journal 108.8 (June 1999) 2237-2277.
Voting in American Elections with Thomas Ferguson and Louis Ferleger (2009)
Video by Burnhamedit
Burnham, Walter Dean. "Critical Realignments Revisited." April 5, 2006 video recording of Burnham retrospective on critical realignments
^Walter Dean Burnham, "The Alabama Senatorial Election of 1962: Return of Inter-Party Competition", Journal of Politics 26 (November 1964), pp. 811-815; 827-829; Bernard Cosman, Five States for Goldwater (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1966), pp. 60-63
Beck, Paul Allen. "Micropolitics in Macro Perspective: the Political History of Walter Dean Burnham." Social Science History 1986 10(3): 221-245. in JSTOR
Jensen, Richard. "The Changing Shape of Burnham's Political Universe," Social Science History 10 (1986) 209-19 in JSTOR
Roberts, Sam. "Walter Dean Burnham, Who Traced Political Parties’ Shifts, Dies at 92: A noted political scientist, he saw parties periodically realigning themselves in stark fashion, presaging the rise of Donald Trump" The New York Times October 13, 2022
Velasco, Jesús. "Walter Dean Burnham: An American Clockmaker." Norteamérica 12.2 (2017): 215-249. online
January 01, 1970
walter, dean, burnham, june, 1930, october, 2022, american, political, scientist, expert, elections, voting, patterns, known, quantitative, analysis, national, trends, patterns, voting, behavior, development, party, systems, model, assembling, county, election. Walter Dean Burnham June 15 1930 October 4 2022 was an American political scientist who was an expert on elections and voting patterns He was known for his quantitative analysis of national trends and patterns in voting behavior the development of the Party Systems model and the assembling of county election returns for the entire country He was a professor in the political science department at the University of Texas at Austin Walter Dean BurnhamBorn 1930 06 15 June 15 1930Columbus Ohio U S DiedOctober 4 2022 2022 10 04 aged 92 San Antonio Texas U S Alma materJohns Hopkins University Harvard UniversityOccupation s Political scientistProfessor at University of Texas at Austin Contents 1 Career 2 The Alabama U S Senate race of 1962 3 Critical Elections 4 Major publications 4 1 Video by Burnham 5 References 6 Further readingCareer editBurnham was born in 1930 in Columbus Ohio 1 In 1951 Burnham received his AB from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore Maryland He was awarded his Ph D in 1963 by Harvard University where he worked with political scientist V O Key Jr Prior to moving to Texas in 1988 he taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Washington University in St Louis Burnham was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and served as president of the Politics and History Section of the American Political Science Association Burnham retired in 2003 and was professor emeritus of government at the University of Texas at Austin where he held the Frank Erwin Centennial Chair in Government named for a former long term University of Texas regent 2 Burnham was a specialist in election returns and the sources of data for the ICPSR He interpreted data in terms of statistical patterns and trends He was primarily involved in American election data from 1824 to 1960 3 He died at the age of 92 in 2022 4 The Alabama U S Senate race of 1962 editIn 1964 Burnham published an article on the 1962 U S Senate election in Alabama when Republicans made their first strong showing for federal office since Reconstruction in the state known as The Heart of Dixie The Republican James D Martin of Gadsden an oil products distributor challenged veteran Democrat J Lister Hill of Montgomery and fell only a few thousand votes short of victory Burnham describes the Martin campaign as an aberration from the customary issueless personalist southern primary elections Martin s campaign was a pacesetter for subsequent southern elections in that it was waged over national issues mobilizing the white backlash against civil rights stressing what he saw as free enterprise local control and individual freedom decrying federal spending programs shifting emphasis from opposition to desegregation to the preservation of states rights Burnham found it ironic that a Republican from the populist North Alabama ran strongly in the cities and Black Belt while the Democratic senator from the capital city of Montgomery appealed to the northern hill country where voters appreciated programs like the Tennessee Valley Authority and were less racially conscious because of the relatively small number of African Americans in their region Martin fared best in those counties with non voting blacks prior to passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 All but one of the fifteen counties which showed a decline in the Republican vote between 1960 and 1962 were in the Appalachian section of North Alabama Martin s showing along the Gulf Coast and the Florida Panhandle was paradoxical because southeast Alabama had been traditionally the most populist since the 1890s Two years after the Hill Martin race Burnham correctly forecast that the inroads of presidential Republicanism would continue in the South but competition at the state and local levels would take root slowly 5 Critical Elections editBurnham s 1970 book Critical Elections and the Mainsprings of American Politics presented a theory of American political development that focused on the role of party systems that endure for several decades only to be disrupted by a critical election Such elections not only hand presidential and congressional power to the non incumbent political party but they do so in a dramatic way that repudiates the worn out ideas of the old party and initiates a new era whose leaders govern on a new set of assumptions ideologies and public policies The frequency of its citation in the footnotes of other works indicates that Burnham s article The Changing Shape of the American Political Universe 1965 was highly influential The majority of citations focus on the themes of voter turnout decline realignment in 1896 and explanations for voter decline The theory of elite capitalist control of the political system in the 20th century has gained less attention and support 6 Major publications editPresidential Ballots 1836 1892 1955 annotated compilation of county election results Political immunization and political confessionalism the United States and Weimar Germany Journal of Interdisciplinary History 3 1 1972 1 30 online Theory and voting research some reflections on Converse s Change in the American Electorate American Political Science Review 68 3 1974 1002 1023 The Changing Shape of the American Political Universe American Political Science Review 59 1 1965 7 28 in JSTOR The American party systems Stages of political development edited by William Nisbet Chambers and Burnham 1975 American politics in the 1970s Beyond party in The American Party Systems 1975 pp 308 357 Insulation and responsiveness in congressional elections Political Science Quarterly 90 3 1975 411 435 Critical Elections and the Mainsprings of American Politics 1970 summary Politics America The Cutting Edge of Change 1972 The Current Crisis in American Politics 1982 The Evolution of American Electoral Systems Contributions in American History with Paul Kleppner et al 1981 with Richard Rose The appearance and disappearance of the American voter in The political economy 1984 pp 112 39 Democracy in the Making American Government and Politics 1986 textbook Constitutional Moments and Punctuated Equilibria Yale Law Journal 108 8 June 1999 2237 2277 Voting in American Elections with Thomas Ferguson and Louis Ferleger 2009 Video by Burnham edit Burnham Walter Dean Critical Realignments Revisited April 5 2006 video recording of Burnham retrospective on critical realignmentsReferences edit Utter Glenn H Lockhart Charles Wildavsky Aaron 1993 American Political Scientists A Dictionary Santa Barbara California Greenwood Publishing Group p 38 ISBN 0313278490 Charles Lockhartand Glenn H Utter eds American Political Scientists A Dictionary 2nd ed 2002 pp 52 54 Jensen 1986 Walter Dean Burnham s obituary Walter Dean Burnham The Alabama Senatorial Election of 1962 Return of Inter Party Competition Journal of Politics 26 November 1964 pp 811 815 827 829 Bernard Cosman Five States for Goldwater Tuscaloosa University of Alabama Press 1966 pp 60 63 Beck 1986 Further reading editBeck Paul Allen Micropolitics in Macro Perspective the Political History of Walter Dean Burnham Social Science History 1986 10 3 221 245 in JSTOR Jensen Richard The Changing Shape of Burnham s Political Universe Social Science History 10 1986 209 19 in JSTOR Roberts Sam Walter Dean Burnham Who Traced Political Parties Shifts Dies at 92 A noted political scientist he saw parties periodically realigning themselves in stark fashion presaging the rise of Donald Trump The New York Times October 13 2022 Velasco Jesus Walter Dean Burnham An American Clockmaker Norteamerica 12 2 2017 215 249 online Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Walter Dean Burnham amp oldid 1158372422, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
