fbpx
Wikipedia

Walking fish

January 01, 1970

A walking fish, or ambulatory fish, is a fish that is able to travel over land for extended periods of time. Some other modes of non-standard fish locomotion include "walking" along the sea floor, for example, in handfish or frogfish.

Periophthalmus gracilis, a species of mudskipper, perched on land. Mudskippers are one type of walking fish.

Types edit

Pacific leaping blenny (Alticus arnoldorum) hopping

Most commonly, walking fish are amphibious fish. Able to spend longer times out of water, these fish may use a number of means of locomotion, including springing, snake-like lateral undulation, and tripod-like walking. The mudskippers are probably the best land-adapted of contemporary fish and are able to spend days moving about out of water and can even climb mangroves, although to only modest heights.[1] The climbing gourami is often specifically referred to as a "walking fish", although it does not actually "walk", but rather moves in a jerky way by supporting itself on the extended edges of its gill plates and pushing itself by its fins and tail. Some reports indicate that it can also climb trees.[2]

The epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) tends to live in shallow waters where swimming is difficult, and can often be seen walking over rocks and sand by using its muscular pectoral fins.[3] It lives in areas of great variation in water depth, usually where the tide falls below its location. If it finds itself out of water, it can survive for several hours, and is capable of walking over land to get to water. This means that it is easily observed by beachgoers in its natural range.

There are a number of fish that are less adept at actual walking, such as the walking catfish. Despite being known for "walking on land", this fish usually wriggles and may use its pectoral fins to aid in its movement. Walking catfish have a respiratory system that allows them to live out of water for several days. Some are invasive species, for example, the northern snakehead in the U.S.[4] Polypterids have rudimentary lungs and can also move about on land, though rather clumsily. The mangrove rivulus can survive for months out of water and can move to places like hollow logs.[5][6][7]

Some species of fish can "walk" along the sea floor but not on land. One such animal is the flying gurnard (it does not actually fly, and should not be confused with flying fish). The batfishes of the family Ogcocephalidae (not to be confused with batfish of Ephippidae) are also capable of walking along the sea floor. Bathypterois grallator, also known as a "tripodfish", stands on three fins on the bottom of the ocean and hunts for food.[8] The African lungfish (P. annectens) can use its fins to "walk" along the bottom of its tank in a manner similar to the way amphibians and land vertebrates use their limbs on land.[9][10]

Evolutionary link to land vertebrates edit

Main article: Vertebrate land invasion
 
Tiktaalik (reconstruction)

Land vertebrates originate in the Devonian period and are descended from Sarcopterygian fish.[11] In 2006, a fossil, Tiktaalik roseae, was found which has many features of its wrist, elbow, and neck that resemble those of tetrapods, supporting the idea that it represents a sister group to tetrapods.[12]

Comparison of fish with tetrapod-like features edit

A number of fish, both extant and prehistoric, have featured some characteristics related to locomotion that are typical of tetrapods.

Species venturing onto land tetrapod-like spine tetrapod-like appendages digit-like bones
5 axial regions interlocking vertebrae fully ossified vertebrae shoulder & skull separation functional 'intra-fin' joints fins adapted for walking rather than swimming strong & muscled fins humerus, radius & ulna bones differentiated distal radial bones jointed distal radial bones
Panderichthys rhombolepis † ? No No No No ? No Yes Yes Yes[13] No
Sauripterus taylori † ? No No No No ? No Yes Yes Yes Yes[14]
Tiktaalik roseae † ? No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No
Tarrasius problematicus † ? Yes[15] No No No No No No No No No
Leptolepis koonwarriensis † ? No No Yes[16] No No No No No No No
Eastmanosteus pustulosus † ? No No No Yes[17] No No No No No No
Atractosteus spatula No No Yes Yes[18] No No No No No No No
Periophthalmus papilio Yes No No No No Yes[19][20] No No No No No
Brachionichthys hirsutus No No No No No No Yes No No No No
Ogcocephalus darwini No No No No No No Yes No No No No
Antennarius maculatus No No No No No No Yes No No No No
Protopterus annectens Yes No No No No No ?[10] No No No No
Latimeria chalumnae No No No No No No No Yes No No No
Polypterus bichir lapradei Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No
Chelidonichthys cuculus No No No No No No Yes (3 rays) No No ? (3 rays) No
Hemiscyllium ocellatum Yes No No No Yes[21] No ?[22] No No No No

Darwin fish edit

Another usage of the term walking fish is in reference to the "Darwin fish", a bumper sticker parody of the Ichthys, a symbol of Christianity.

Gallery edit

  • Alticus arnoldorum climbing up a vertical piece of Plexiglas
  •  
    An epaulette shark clambering over the sand on a beach
  •  
    Ogcocephalus parvus

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ . Cairns Museum. Archived from the original on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on 29 August 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2009. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |website= ignored (help)
  3. ^ "Why Do Sharks Expose their Dorsal Fins?". elasmo-research.org.
  4. ^ , National Geographic News July 12, 2002
  5. ^ Taylor, Anna-Louise (8 January 2012). . BBC Nature. Archived from the original on 8 June 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
  6. ^ "Tropical fish can live for months out of water". Reuters. 15 November 2007.
  7. ^ Mehta, Aalok (6 November 2007). . nationalgeographic.com. Archived from the original on July 15, 2019.
  8. ^ Jones, Anthony T; Sulak, Kenneth J (1990). "First Central Pacific Plate and Hawaiian Record of the Deep-sea Tripod Fish Bathypterois grallator (Pisces: Chlorophthalmidae)". Pacific Science. 44 (3): 254–257. hdl:10125/1281.
  9. ^ "Fish uses fins to walk and bound". 13 December 2011 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
  10. ^ a b King, H. M.; Shubin, N. H.; Coates, M. I.; Hale, M. E. (27 December 2011). "Behavioral evidence for the evolution of walking and bounding before terrestriality in sarcopterygian fishes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (52): 21146–21151. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10821146K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1118669109. PMC 3248479. PMID 22160688.
    • "A small step for lungfish, a big step for the evolution of walking". ScienceDaily (Press release). December 13, 2011.
  11. ^ King, Heather M.; Shubin, Neil H.; Coates, Michael I.; Hale, Melina E. (27 December 2011). "Behavioral evidence for the evolution of walking and bounding before terrestriality in sarcopterygian fishes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (52): 21146–21151. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10821146K. doi:10.1073/pnas.1118669109. PMC 3248479. PMID 22160688.
  12. ^ Daeschler, E.B.; Shubin, N.H.; Jenkins, F.A. Jr (6 April 2006). "A Devonian tetrapod-like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body plan". Nature. 440 (7085): 757–763. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..757D. doi:10.1038/nature04639. PMID 16598249.
  13. ^ C. A. Boisvert; E. Mark-Kurik; P. E. Ahlberg (4 December 2008). "The pectoral fin of Panderichthys and the origin of digits". Nature. 456 (7222): 636–638. Bibcode:2008Natur.456..636B. doi:10.1038/nature07339. PMID 18806778. S2CID 2588617.
  14. ^ E. B. Daeschler; N. H. Shubin (8 January 1998). "Fish with Fingers?". Nature. 391 (6663): 133. Bibcode:1998Natur.391..133D. doi:10.1038/34317. S2CID 4386457.
  15. ^ Lauren Cole Sallan (23 May 2012). "Tetrapod-like axial regionalization in an early ray-finned fish". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 279 (1741): 3264–3271. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0784. PMC 3385743. PMID 22628471.
  16. ^ Shukla, J.P. (2007). Fish & Fisheries. Rastogi Publications. pp. 24–25. ISBN 978-81-7133-800-9.
  17. ^ K. Trinajstic; et al. (12 July 2013). "Fossil Musculature of the Most Primitive Jawed Vertebrates". Science. 341 (6142): 160–164. Bibcode:2013Sci...341..160T. doi:10.1126/science.1237275. PMID 23765280. S2CID 39468073.
  18. ^ Olsen, Stanley J. (1968). Fish, Amphibian and Reptile Remains from Archaeological Sites. Acme Bookbinding. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-87365-163-9.
  19. ^ Kawano, S. M.; Blob, R. W. (1 August 2013). "Propulsive Forces of Mudskipper Fins and Salamander Limbs during Terrestrial Locomotion: Implications for the Invasion of Land". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 53 (2): 283–294. doi:10.1093/icb/ict051. PMID 23667046.
  20. ^ Pace, C. M.; Gibb, A. C. (15 July 2009). "Mudskipper pectoral fin kinematics in aquatic and terrestrial environments". Journal of Experimental Biology. 212 (14): 2279–2286. doi:10.1242/jeb.029041. PMID 19561218.
  21. ^ Hanken, James; Hall, Brian K. (1993). The Skull, Volume 2: Patterns of Structural and Systematic Diversity. University of Chicago Press. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-226-31570-6.
  22. ^ Goto, T.; Nishida, K.; Nakaya, K. (Sep 1999). "Internal morphology and function of paired fins in the epaulette shark, Hemiscyllium ocellatum". Ichthyological Research. 46 (3): 281–287. doi:10.1007/BF02678514. S2CID 1339099.

January 01, 1970
walking, fish, walking, fish, ambulatory, fish, fish, that, able, travel, over, land, extended, periods, time, some, other, modes, standard, fish, locomotion, include, walking, along, floor, example, handfish, frogfish, periophthalmus, gracilis, species, mudsk. A walking fish or ambulatory fish is a fish that is able to travel over land for extended periods of time Some other modes of non standard fish locomotion include walking along the sea floor for example in handfish or frogfish Periophthalmus gracilis a species of mudskipper perched on land Mudskippers are one type of walking fish Contents 1 Types 2 Evolutionary link to land vertebrates 3 Comparison of fish with tetrapod like features 4 Darwin fish 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 ReferencesTypes edit source source source source source Pacific leaping blenny Alticus arnoldorum hopping Most commonly walking fish are amphibious fish Able to spend longer times out of water these fish may use a number of means of locomotion including springing snake like lateral undulation and tripod like walking The mudskippers are probably the best land adapted of contemporary fish and are able to spend days moving about out of water and can even climb mangroves although to only modest heights 1 The climbing gourami is often specifically referred to as a walking fish although it does not actually walk but rather moves in a jerky way by supporting itself on the extended edges of its gill plates and pushing itself by its fins and tail Some reports indicate that it can also climb trees 2 The epaulette shark Hemiscyllium ocellatum tends to live in shallow waters where swimming is difficult and can often be seen walking over rocks and sand by using its muscular pectoral fins 3 It lives in areas of great variation in water depth usually where the tide falls below its location If it finds itself out of water it can survive for several hours and is capable of walking over land to get to water This means that it is easily observed by beachgoers in its natural range There are a number of fish that are less adept at actual walking such as the walking catfish Despite being known for walking on land this fish usually wriggles and may use its pectoral fins to aid in its movement Walking catfish have a respiratory system that allows them to live out of water for several days Some are invasive species for example the northern snakehead in the U S 4 Polypterids have rudimentary lungs and can also move about on land though rather clumsily The mangrove rivulus can survive for months out of water and can move to places like hollow logs 5 6 7 Some species of fish can walk along the sea floor but not on land One such animal is the flying gurnard it does not actually fly and should not be confused with flying fish The batfishes of the family Ogcocephalidae not to be confused with batfish of Ephippidae are also capable of walking along the sea floor Bathypterois grallator also known as a tripodfish stands on three fins on the bottom of the ocean and hunts for food 8 The African lungfish P annectens can use its fins to walk along the bottom of its tank in a manner similar to the way amphibians and land vertebrates use their limbs on land 9 10 Evolutionary link to land vertebrates editMain article Vertebrate land invasion nbsp Tiktaalik reconstruction Land vertebrates originate in the Devonian period and are descended from Sarcopterygian fish 11 In 2006 a fossil Tiktaalik roseae was found which has many features of its wrist elbow and neck that resemble those of tetrapods supporting the idea that it represents a sister group to tetrapods 12 Comparison of fish with tetrapod like features editA number of fish both extant and prehistoric have featured some characteristics related to locomotion that are typical of tetrapods Species venturing onto land tetrapod like spine tetrapod like appendages digit like bones 5 axial regions interlocking vertebrae fully ossified vertebrae shoulder amp skull separation functional intra fin joints fins adapted for walking rather than swimming strong amp muscled fins humerus radius amp ulna bones differentiated distal radial bones jointed distal radial bones Panderichthys rhombolepis No No No No No Yes Yes Yes 13 No Sauripterus taylori No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 14 Tiktaalik roseae No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Tarrasius problematicus Yes 15 No No No No No No No No No Leptolepis koonwarriensis No No Yes 16 No No No No No No No Eastmanosteus pustulosus No No No Yes 17 No No No No No No Atractosteus spatula No No Yes Yes 18 No No No No No No No Periophthalmus papilio Yes No No No No Yes 19 20 No No No No No Brachionichthys hirsutus No No No No No No Yes No No No No Ogcocephalus darwini No No No No No No Yes No No No No Antennarius maculatus No No No No No No Yes No No No No Protopterus annectens Yes No No No No No 10 No No No No Latimeria chalumnae No No No No No No No Yes No No No Polypterus bichir lapradei Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No Chelidonichthys cuculus No No No No No No Yes 3 rays No No 3 rays No Hemiscyllium ocellatum Yes No No No Yes 21 No 22 No No No NoDarwin fish editAnother usage of the term walking fish is in reference to the Darwin fish a bumper sticker parody of the Ichthys a symbol of Christianity Gallery edit source source source source source Alticus arnoldorum climbing up a vertical piece of Plexiglas nbsp An epaulette shark clambering over the sand on a beach nbsp Ogcocephalus parvusSee also editAxolotl colloquially known as a walking fish it is not a fish but a salamander a type of amphibian Evolution of fishReferences edit Tourism Cairns Museum Archived from the original on 1 February 2014 Retrieved 17 July 2011 Climbing Fish Archived from the original on 29 August 2009 Retrieved 16 July 2009 a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a website ignored help Why Do Sharks Expose their Dorsal Fins elasmo research org Maryland Suffers Setback in War on Invasive Walking Fish National Geographic News July 12 2002 Taylor Anna Louise 8 January 2012 Shells trees and bottoms Strange places fish live BBC Nature Archived from the original on 8 June 2018 Retrieved 12 January 2012 Tropical fish can live for months out of water Reuters 15 November 2007 Mehta Aalok 6 November 2007 Fish Lives in Logs Breathing Air for Months at a Time nationalgeographic com Archived from the original on July 15 2019 Jones Anthony T Sulak Kenneth J 1990 First Central Pacific Plate and Hawaiian Record of the Deep sea Tripod Fish Bathypterois grallator Pisces Chlorophthalmidae Pacific Science 44 3 254 257 hdl 10125 1281 Fish uses fins to walk and bound 13 December 2011 via www bbc co uk a b King H M Shubin N H Coates M I Hale M E 27 December 2011 Behavioral evidence for the evolution of walking and bounding before terrestriality in sarcopterygian fishes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108 52 21146 21151 Bibcode 2011PNAS 10821146K doi 10 1073 pnas 1118669109 PMC 3248479 PMID 22160688 A small step for lungfish a big step for the evolution of walking ScienceDaily Press release December 13 2011 King Heather M Shubin Neil H Coates Michael I Hale Melina E 27 December 2011 Behavioral evidence for the evolution of walking and bounding before terrestriality in sarcopterygian fishes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 52 21146 21151 Bibcode 2011PNAS 10821146K doi 10 1073 pnas 1118669109 PMC 3248479 PMID 22160688 Daeschler E B Shubin N H Jenkins F A Jr 6 April 2006 A Devonian tetrapod like fish and the evolution of the tetrapod body plan Nature 440 7085 757 763 Bibcode 2006Natur 440 757D doi 10 1038 nature04639 PMID 16598249 C A Boisvert E Mark Kurik P E Ahlberg 4 December 2008 The pectoral fin of Panderichthys and the origin of digits Nature 456 7222 636 638 Bibcode 2008Natur 456 636B doi 10 1038 nature07339 PMID 18806778 S2CID 2588617 E B Daeschler N H Shubin 8 January 1998 Fish with Fingers Nature 391 6663 133 Bibcode 1998Natur 391 133D doi 10 1038 34317 S2CID 4386457 Lauren Cole Sallan 23 May 2012 Tetrapod like axial regionalization in an early ray finned fish Proceedings of the Royal Society B 279 1741 3264 3271 doi 10 1098 rspb 2012 0784 PMC 3385743 PMID 22628471 Shukla J P 2007 Fish amp Fisheries Rastogi Publications pp 24 25 ISBN 978 81 7133 800 9 K Trinajstic et al 12 July 2013 Fossil Musculature of the Most Primitive Jawed Vertebrates Science 341 6142 160 164 Bibcode 2013Sci 341 160T doi 10 1126 science 1237275 PMID 23765280 S2CID 39468073 Olsen Stanley J 1968 Fish Amphibian and Reptile Remains from Archaeological Sites Acme Bookbinding p 4 ISBN 978 0 87365 163 9 Kawano S M Blob R W 1 August 2013 Propulsive Forces of Mudskipper Fins and Salamander Limbs during Terrestrial Locomotion Implications for the Invasion of Land Integrative and Comparative Biology 53 2 283 294 doi 10 1093 icb ict051 PMID 23667046 Pace C M Gibb A C 15 July 2009 Mudskipper pectoral fin kinematics in aquatic and terrestrial environments Journal of Experimental Biology 212 14 2279 2286 doi 10 1242 jeb 029041 PMID 19561218 Hanken James Hall Brian K 1993 The Skull Volume 2 Patterns of Structural and Systematic Diversity University of Chicago Press p 209 ISBN 978 0 226 31570 6 Goto T Nishida K Nakaya K Sep 1999 Internal morphology and function of paired fins in the epaulette shark Hemiscyllium ocellatum Ichthyological Research 46 3 281 287 doi 10 1007 BF02678514 S2CID 1339099 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Walking fish amp oldid 1186577144, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.