WIR Bank
The WIR Bank, formerly the Swiss Economic Circle (German: Wirtschaftsring-Genossenschaft), or WIR, is an independent complementary currency system in Switzerland that serves businesses in hospitality, construction, manufacturing, retail and professional services. WIR issues and manages a private currency, called the WIR franc, which is used in combination with the Swiss franc to generate dual-currency transactions.
Native name | (in German) WIR Bank (in French) Banque WIR (in Italian) Banca WIR |
|---|---|
| Formerly | Swiss Economic Circle (German: Wirtschaftsring-Genossenschaft) |
| Founded | 1934 |
| Website | www.wir.ch |
System edit
The WIR franc is an electronic currency reflected in clients' trade accounts and so there is no paper money. The intentions of starting were in increased sales, cash flow and profits for a qualified participant.[citation needed] WIR created a credit system which issues credit, in WIR francs, to its members.[citation needed] The credit lines are secured by members pledging assets which ensures that the currency is asset-backed. When two members enter into a transaction with both Swiss francs and WIR francs it reduces the amount of cash needed by the buyer; the seller does not discount its product or service.
Currencies edit
The WIR Bank is the central banking authority for currency funds:ISO 4217 Standard definition:
- "Data Standards, ISO 4217 - Currency Code Maintenance: Get the Correct Currency Code". www.six-group.com. SIX Group. 1 October 2022.
- "List One: Currency, fund and precious metal codes" (XLS). www.six-group.com. SIX Group. 23 September 2022.
- "List Two: Fund codes registered with the Maintenance Agency" (XLS). www.six-group.com. SIX Group. 29 August 2018.
- "List Three: Codes for historic denominations of currencies and funds" (XLS). www.six-group.com. SIX Group. 22 August 2018.
- "Overview Amendments" (XLSX). www.six-group.com. SIX Group. 23 September 2022.
| ISO 4217 | ||
|---|---|---|
| CHE | WIR Euro | List One, active List Two, fund code |
| CHW | WIR Franc | List One, active List Two, fund code |
| CHC | WIR Franc (for electronic) | Obsolete per 2004-11 |
History edit
WIR was founded in 1934 by businessmen Werner Zimmermann and Paul Enz as a result of currency shortages and global financial instability. A banking license was granted in 1936.[1] Both Zimmermann and Enz had been influenced by German Georgist economist Silvio Gesell;[2] however, the WIR Bank renounced Gesell's "free money" theory in 1952, opening the door to monetary interest.[3]
"WIR" is both an abbreviation of Wirtschaftsring and the word for "we" in German, reminding participants that the economic circle is also a community.[2] According to the cooperative's statutes, "Its purpose is to encourage participating members to put their buying power at each other's disposal and keep it circulating within their ranks, thereby providing members with additional sales volume."
Initially in keeping with Gesell's "free money" doctrine, the Economic Circle circulated certificates with negative monthly interest rates enforced through a required monthly stamp on the reverse side of certificates. This feature, called demurrage was aimed at preventing hoarding while avoiding constant devaluation of the currency. This practice was eventually ended in 1948.[3]
Although WIR started with only sixteen members, today it has grown to include 62,000. Total assets are approximately 3.0 billion CHF, annual sales in the range of 6.5 billion, as of 2005.[4] As of 1998, assets held by the credit system were 885 million and liabilities of 844 million, i.e. the circulating WIR money, with equity in the system of 44 million. These WIR obligations being interest free have a cost of zero. Income from interest and credit clearing activities were 38 million francs.
The WIR Bank was a not-for-profit entity, although that status changed during the Bank's expansion.[5] The bank considers themselves as stable, claiming being fully operational during times of general economic crisis and may dampen downturns in the business cycle, helping to stabilize the Swiss economy during difficult times.[6] It is cited as an example in the documentary film Tomorrow (Demain) (2015).
See also edit
- JAK Members Bank which was part of the WIR's inspiration.
References edit
- ^ Niederer, Mike. "WIR sind auch Geld". der-arbeitsmarkt.ch (in German). Archived from the original on 15 January 2013.
- ^ a b . WIR Magazine (September 1994). Archived from the original on 17 October 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2006.
- ^ a b Studer, Tobias (1998). WIR and the Swiss National Economy. WIR Bank, Basel. p. 59.
- ^ . Wir Bank. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
- ^ . WIR Bank. Archived from the original on 25 March 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
- ^ Stodder, James. "Reciprocal Exchange Networks: Implications for Macroeconomic Stability" (PDF). , Proceedings of the IEEE Engineering Management Society Conference, Albuquerque, New Mexico, August 2000.
External links edit
- Official website
- WIR Report by Erick B. Hansch, 1971
- WIR Bank Video Report by Giorgio Simonetti, RAI television [Italian]
- * WIR — Eine Währung, die den Tausch neu erfindet (in German) Essay by James Stodder and Bernard Lietaer. Published in Die Welt der Commons - Muster des gemeinsamen Handelns, Transcript-Verlag, Germany, 205.