Viola lutea is a compact plant with bright oval green leaves, growing to a height of around 20 centimetres (8 in). Its flowers are 20–35 mm (0.8–1.4 in) in diameter, and are typically golden yellow, although some individuals may have blue, purple or blotched flowers instead.[2]
V. lutea subsp. lutea is native to central and north-western Europe, from the British Isles to Austria; another subspecies occurs further east, from Hungary to the Balkans.[5]
Two particular infraspecifics are V. lutea subsp. calaminaria which occurs in the southernmost Netherlands and eastern Belgium, and V. lutea var. westfalica, which only occurs at an extremely small locality near Blankenrode in East Westphalia, Germany. Both taxa have relatively recently evolved to take advantage of the local pollution left over after centuries of mining for metals in these locations. The subspecies calaminaria grows in areas where the mine tailings for zinc ore have been dumped, and the variety westfalica grows on heaps of lead ore waste. Both taxa have managed to become the dominant plant species in their extremely small habitats.[6]
Distributionedit
Within Great Britain, Viola lutea is found only in upland areas north of a line drawn between the Severn and Humber estuaries; it ranges in altitude from 200 metres (660 ft) in Derbyshire to 1,070 m (3,500 ft) in Breadalbane.[5] In Ireland, its distribution is more scattered geographically, and ranges vertically from sea level in County Clare to 380 m (1,250 ft) in the Wicklow Mountains.[5]
Cultivationedit
Viola lutea is cultivated as an ornamental plant, for a position in full sun or partial shade with rich soil.[7]
It is the main progenitor for the common cultivated garden pansy, V. × wittrockiana. This hybrid was created by gardeners in Britain in the early 19th century.[citation needed]
"Viola lutea (Mountain Pansy)". Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora. Biological Records Centre.
Media related to Viola lutea at Wikimedia Commons
January 01, 1970
viola, lutea, mountain, pansy, species, flowering, plant, viola, genus, viola, family, violaceae, this, evergreen, perennial, grows, europe, from, british, isles, balkans, mountain, pansy, scientific, classification, kingdom, plantae, clade, tracheophytes, cla. Viola lutea the mountain pansy 1 is a species of flowering plant in the Viola genus of the viola family Violaceae This evergreen perennial grows in Europe from the British Isles to the Balkans Mountain pansy Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Rosids Order Malpighiales Family Violaceae Genus Viola Species V lutea Binomial name Viola luteaHuds Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 2 1 Infraspecifics 3 Distribution 4 Cultivation 5 References 6 External linksDescription editViola lutea is a compact plant with bright oval green leaves growing to a height of around 20 centimetres 8 in Its flowers are 20 35 mm 0 8 1 4 in in diameter and are typically golden yellow although some individuals may have blue purple or blotched flowers instead 2 Taxonomy editViola lutea was first described by William Hudson in his 1762 Flora Anglica 3 The Latin specific epithet lutea means yellow 4 Infraspecifics edit V lutea subsp lutea is native to central and north western Europe from the British Isles to Austria another subspecies occurs further east from Hungary to the Balkans 5 Two particular infraspecifics are V lutea subsp calaminaria which occurs in the southernmost Netherlands and eastern Belgium and V lutea var westfalica which only occurs at an extremely small locality near Blankenrode in East Westphalia Germany Both taxa have relatively recently evolved to take advantage of the local pollution left over after centuries of mining for metals in these locations The subspecies calaminaria grows in areas where the mine tailings for zinc ore have been dumped and the variety westfalica grows on heaps of lead ore waste Both taxa have managed to become the dominant plant species in their extremely small habitats 6 Distribution editWithin Great Britain Viola lutea is found only in upland areas north of a line drawn between the Severn and Humber estuaries it ranges in altitude from 200 metres 660 ft in Derbyshire to 1 070 m 3 500 ft in Breadalbane 5 In Ireland its distribution is more scattered geographically and ranges vertically from sea level in County Clare to 380 m 1 250 ft in the Wicklow Mountains 5 Cultivation editViola lutea is cultivated as an ornamental plant for a position in full sun or partial shade with rich soil 7 It is the main progenitor for the common cultivated garden pansy V wittrockiana This hybrid was created by gardeners in Britain in the early 19th century citation needed References edit BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2014 10 17 Clive A Stace 2011 Viola L violets New Flora of the British Isles 3rd ed Cambridge University Press pp 332 335 ISBN 978 0 521 70772 5 William Hudson 1762 Viola Flora Anglica London published by the author pp 330 332 Harrison Lorraine 2012 RHS Latin for Gardeners United Kingdom Mitchell Beazley ISBN 184533731X a b c O E Balme 1954 Viola Lutea Huds Journal of Ecology 42 1 234 240 JSTOR 2256996 Hildebrandt Ulrich Hoef Emden K Backhausen S Bothe Hermann Bozek M Siuta A Kuta Elzbieta March 2006 The rare endemic zinc violets of Central Europe originate from Viola lutea Huds Plant Systematics and Evolution 257 3 205 222 doi 10 1007 s00606 005 0387 4 Retrieved 26 October 2020 Viola lutea RHS Retrieved 27 September 2023 External links edit Viola lutea Mountain Pansy Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora Biological Records Centre nbsp Media related to Viola lutea at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Viola lutea amp oldid 1177465017, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
