Viki was the subject of one of the first experiments in ape language. Viki was raised by Keith and Catherine Hayes in the same manner as a humaninfant, to see if she could learn human words. She was given speech therapy, which involved the Hayeses (her adopters) manipulating her lower jaw. Eventually, she was able to voice four words:
mama
papa
up
cup
This extremely limited success was at first interpreted as evidence that apes were not capable of using human language. However, further experiments in which chimpanzees were instructed in the use of American sign language indicated that Viki's achievements had been significantly hampered by physiological limitations—chimpanzees are not able to produce the sounds that make up human speech. Viki lived like a human, even with a human sibling, for three years with her trainers, Keith and Cathy Hayes, with the notion that the other failed attempts of teaching a non-human primate a human language failed because these studies used environments too dissimilar to a human's environment when infants learn language. The immersive language experienced failed, however, after three years Cathy Hays said “the only obvious and important deficit in the ape’s innate intelligence, as compared with man’s, is a missing facility for using and understanding language” (Fitch, 2002). The faculty argument is common in the field of evolutionary linguistics and biolinguistics. Noam Chomsky called it a "language acquisition device" innate to humans which allows for our use of the matured "language organ" or faculty (See Hauser, Chomsky, & Fitch, 2002). Chomsky, conceding that language has share components across multiple species and domains, now uses the terms "Broad" and "Narrow," Narrow being the only human trait of discrete infinity.
Catherine Hayes (1951), The Ape in Our House. New York: Harper.
K.J. Hayes and C Hayes, C (1952). "Imitation in a home-raised chimpanzee". Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 45, 450–459.
K.J. Hayes and C.H. Nissen. (1971). "Higher mental functions of a home-raised chimpanzee". In Schrier, A.M. and Stollnitz, F. (eds). Behaviour of Non-human Primates, 4,50-115. New York, Academic Press.
Hauser, Chomsky, & Fitch. (2002). The Faculty of Language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve? Science (298)5598, pp. 1569–1579. DOI: 10.1126/science.298.5598.1569
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viki, chimpanzee, viki, subject, first, experiments, language, viki, raised, keith, catherine, hayes, same, manner, human, infant, could, learn, human, words, given, speech, therapy, which, involved, hayeses, adopters, manipulating, lower, eventually, able, vo. Viki was the subject of one of the first experiments in ape language Viki was raised by Keith and Catherine Hayes in the same manner as a human infant to see if she could learn human words She was given speech therapy which involved the Hayeses her adopters manipulating her lower jaw Eventually she was able to voice four words mama papa up cupThis extremely limited success was at first interpreted as evidence that apes were not capable of using human language However further experiments in which chimpanzees were instructed in the use of American sign language indicated that Viki s achievements had been significantly hampered by physiological limitations chimpanzees are not able to produce the sounds that make up human speech Viki lived like a human even with a human sibling for three years with her trainers Keith and Cathy Hayes with the notion that the other failed attempts of teaching a non human primate a human language failed because these studies used environments too dissimilar to a human s environment when infants learn language The immersive language experienced failed however after three years Cathy Hays said the only obvious and important deficit in the ape s innate intelligence as compared with man s is a missing facility for using and understanding language Fitch 2002 The faculty argument is common in the field of evolutionary linguistics and biolinguistics Noam Chomsky called it a language acquisition device innate to humans which allows for our use of the matured language organ or faculty See Hauser Chomsky amp Fitch 2002 Chomsky conceding that language has share components across multiple species and domains now uses the terms Broad and Narrow Narrow being the only human trait of discrete infinity See also editList of individual apesReferences editCatherine Hayes 1951 The Ape in Our House New York Harper K J Hayes and C Hayes C 1952 Imitation in a home raised chimpanzee Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 45 450 459 K J Hayes and C H Nissen 1971 Higher mental functions of a home raised chimpanzee In Schrier A M and Stollnitz F eds Behaviour of Non human Primates 4 50 115 New York Academic Press Hauser Chomsky amp Fitch 2002 The Faculty of Language what is it who has it and how did it evolve Science 298 5598 pp 1569 1579 DOI 10 1126 science 298 5598 1569 nbsp This primate related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Viki chimpanzee amp oldid 1187933677, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
