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Vietnamese mythology

May 27, 2023

Vietnamese mythology (Vietnamese: Thần thoại Việt Nam 神話越南) comprises folklore, national myths, legends, or fairy tales from the Vietnamese people with aspects of folk religion in Vietnam.[1][2][3] Vietnamese folklore and oral traditions may have also been influenced by historical contact with neighbouring Tai-speaking populations,[4] other Austroasiatic-speaking peoples,[5] as well as with people from the region now known as Greater China.[6]

Myth of national origin

The mythology of the ethnic Vietnamese people (the Việt 越) has been transferred through oral traditions and in writing. The story of Lạc Long Quân (雒龍君) and Âu Cơ (嫗姬) has been cited as the common creation myth of the Vietnamese people. The story details how two progenitors, the man known as the Lạc Long Quân and the woman known as the Âu Cơ, gave birth to a "hundred eggs, fifty of which hatched, settled on land and eventually became the Vietnamese people".

However, the story, dubbed Con rồng cháu tiên (昆蠬𡥙仙 "Descendants of the Dragon and the Tiên"), is labeled as a truyền thuyết ("legend" 傳說), a "type of folkloric tale about historical characters and events, usually embellished with fantastical elements,"[7] and is more akin to other fantastical legends, such as the story of Lê Lợi 黎利 discovering a mythical sword from a magical turtle.

Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (大越史記全書, Complete Annals of Đại Việt) proposed more details on the origins of the two progenitors, for example on how Lạc Long Quân was the son of Kinh Dương Vương (涇陽王), who was in turn descended from the Viêm Đế or Yan Emperor (炎帝)/Thần Nông or Shennong (神農).

Additionally, Ngô Sĩ Liên (吳士連), the author of the text, cited elements from Lĩnh Nam chích quái. Thần Nông and their descendants leading to Kinh Dương Vương, Lạc Long Quân and Âu Cơ, and even commented on the potential familial bond between this couple (Lạc's father Kinh Dương Vương and Âu's grandfather Đế Nghi were brothers, both of Thần Nông descent).

Creation myths

The world was created by a primordial god called Thần Trụ Trời (神柱𡗶 "heaven-pillar god"). This god, supposedly, built a stone pillar to separate heaven and earth from a chaotic mess where neither the world or humanity had existed, and once he was finished, he destroyed the pillar, which resulted in the creation of landforms such as mountains and islands. After the division of the Thần Trụ trời divided the world into Heaven and Earth, other gods appeared to follow in the work of building this world. There are many such gods, such as Thần Sao, Thần Sông, Thần Núi, Thần Biển... and other giant gods. Folks have credited these gods in the verse handed down from generation to generation:

"Ông Đếm Cát

Ông Tát Bể

Ông Kể Sao

Ông Đào Sông

Ông Trồng Cây

Ông Xây Rú

Ông Trụ Trời..."

Popular heroes and gods

Figures in Vietnamese mythology include The Four Immortals: the giant boy Thánh Gióng, mountain god Tản Viên Sơn Thánh,[8] Chử Đồng Tử marsh boy, princess Liễu Hạnh.

One of the Four Immortals also reemerges in the fighting between Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh "the god of the mountain and the god of the Water." Historical legend occurs in the story of the Thuận Thiên "Heaven's Will" magical sword of Emperor Lê Lợi.

Folk mythology includes figures such as the mười hai bà mụ "Twelve Midwives", twelve goddesses who teach one-month-old babies skills such as sucking and smiling.[9][10]

Popular myths, legends and stories

A list of some popular fairy tales or Vietnamese myths and legends includes but is not limited to:

King of the gods

The king of the gods in Vietnamese mythology is Ông Trời (翁𡗶 "God of heaven"), then due to the influence of China, he was identified with Jade Emperor so he was also called Ngọc Hoàng Thượng Đế (玉皇上帝), commonly referred to as Ngọc Hoàng (玉皇).

See also

East Asia

Southeast Asia/East Asia

References

  1. ^ "Vietnamese mythology" in "The Oxford Companion to World Mythology" by David Leeming, p.394
  2. ^ NIKOUBAKHT NASER*, BOZORG BEIGDELI SAEED, VYTI TAME FONG "GODS OF WATER IN IRANIAN AND VIETNAMESE MYTHOLOGY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY" MYTHO-MYSTIC LITERATURE QUARTERLY JOURNAL, WINTER 2013, Volume 8, Number 29; Page(s) 141 To 170.
  3. ^ Elisabeth Kemf, Vo Quy "Dance of a thousand Cranes" in "Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas: The Law of Mother Earth", ed. Elizabeth Kemf
  4. ^ Kelley, Liam (2013-01-01). "Tai Words and the Place of the Tai in the Vietnamese Past". The Journal of the Siam Society. 101.
  5. ^ Haudricourt, André-Georges (2017). "The place of Vietnamese in Austroasiatic (English Translation)". Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris. 49: 122–128.
  6. ^ Nguyen, Ngan Thi Kim (2020-01-01). "Vietnamese religion, folklore and literature: Archetypal journeys from folktales to medieval fantasy short stories". Cogent Arts & Humanities. 7 (1): 1847769. doi:10.1080/23311983.2020.1847769. S2CID 228906468.
  7. ^ Ngữ văn 6. Vol. 1. Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục Việt Nam. 2011. p. 7.
  8. ^ Olga Dror Cult, Culture, and Authority: Princess Liễu Hạnh in Vietnamese History 2007 Page 162 "Tản Viên, a prominent mountain spirit in Vietnamese mythology, is portrayed in some stories as having helped an ancient king deal with a conqueror from Thu ̇c (modern Sichuan). In the third couplet, the reference to Chử Đồng Tử is ."
  9. ^ Iain Stewart Vietnam Lonely Planet 2012 "Behind the altar on the right are three fairies and smaller figures representing the 12 ba mu (midwives), each of whom teaches newborns a different skill necessary for the first year of life: smiling, sucking and so forth. Childless couples often ..."
  10. ^ Helle Rydstrøm Embodying Morality: Growing Up in Rural Northern Vietnam Page 185 – 2003 "When a child in Thinh Tri is one month old, a special ritual is performed for what is called the "Twelve Midwives" (Muoi Hai Ba Mu). Each of the Twelve Midwives is said to represent a prosperous trait that one would wish for the newborn baby ..."
  11. ^ "Telling Tales from Southeast Asia and Korea". asianfolktales.unescoapceiu.org. Retrieved 2022-01-04.
  12. ^ "THE LEGEND OF SON TINH AND THUY TINH (MOUNTAIN GOD AND WATER GOD)". phongchongthientai.mard.gov.vn. Retrieved 2022-01-04.
  13. ^ VietnamPlus (2021-12-18). "Co Loa Citadel espies historic stories and legends | Destinations | Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus)". VietnamPlus. Retrieved 2022-01-15.
  14. ^ "The Story of Ông Táo, the Kitchen God Who Rides a Carp to Heaven | Saigoneer". saigoneer.com. Retrieved 2022-01-04.
  15. ^ VIETNAM.COM. "Origin of the Traditional Banh Chung". VIETNAM.COM. Retrieved 2022-01-04.
  16. ^ "Sacred animals in Vietnamese culture and architecture". THE VOICE OF VIETNAM. 2013-07-12. Retrieved 2022-01-04.

Further reading

  • Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan | Alex Wade (Reviewing editor) (2020). "Vietnamese religion, folklore and literature: Archetypal journeys from folktales to medieval fantasy short stories". In: Cogent Arts & Humanities, 7:1. doi:10.1080/23311983.2020.1847769.

May 27, 2023
vietnamese, mythology, this, article, expanded, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, vietnamese, february, 2017, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, point, . This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Vietnamese February 2017 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 746 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Vietnamese Wikipedia article at vi Truyện thần thoại Việt Nam see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated vi Truyện thần thoại Việt Nam to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Vietnamese mythology Vietnamese Thần thoại Việt Nam 神話越南 comprises folklore national myths legends or fairy tales from the Vietnamese people with aspects of folk religion in Vietnam 1 2 3 Vietnamese folklore and oral traditions may have also been influenced by historical contact with neighbouring Tai speaking populations 4 other Austroasiatic speaking peoples 5 as well as with people from the region now known as Greater China 6 Contents 1 Myth of national origin 2 Creation myths 3 Popular heroes and gods 4 Popular myths legends and stories 5 King of the gods 6 See also 7 References 8 Further readingMyth of national origin EditThe mythology of the ethnic Vietnamese people the Việt 越 has been transferred through oral traditions and in writing The story of Lạc Long Quan 雒龍君 and Au Cơ 嫗姬 has been cited as the common creation myth of the Vietnamese people The story details how two progenitors the man known as the Lạc Long Quan and the woman known as the Au Cơ gave birth to a hundred eggs fifty of which hatched settled on land and eventually became the Vietnamese people However the story dubbed Con rồng chau tien 昆蠬𡥙仙 Descendants of the Dragon and the Tien is labeled as a truyền thuyết legend 傳說 a type of folkloric tale about historical characters and events usually embellished with fantastical elements 7 and is more akin to other fantastical legends such as the story of Le Lợi 黎利 discovering a mythical sword from a magical turtle Đại Việt sử ky toan thư 大越史記全書 Complete Annals of Đại Việt proposed more details on the origins of the two progenitors for example on how Lạc Long Quan was the son of Kinh Dương Vương 涇陽王 who was in turn descended from the Viem Đế or Yan Emperor 炎帝 Thần Nong or Shennong 神農 Additionally Ngo Sĩ Lien 吳士連 the author of the text cited elements from Lĩnh Nam chich quai Thần Nong and their descendants leading to Kinh Dương Vương Lạc Long Quan and Au Cơ and even commented on the potential familial bond between this couple Lạc s father Kinh Dương Vương and Au s grandfather Đế Nghi were brothers both of Thần Nong descent Creation myths EditThe world was created by a primordial god called Thần Trụ Trời 神柱𡗶 heaven pillar god This god supposedly built a stone pillar to separate heaven and earth from a chaotic mess where neither the world or humanity had existed and once he was finished he destroyed the pillar which resulted in the creation of landforms such as mountains and islands After the division of the Thần Trụ trời divided the world into Heaven and Earth other gods appeared to follow in the work of building this world There are many such gods such as Thần Sao Thần Song Thần Nui Thần Biển and other giant gods Folks have credited these gods in the verse handed down from generation to generation Ong Đếm CatOng Tat BểOng Kể SaoOng Đao SongOng Trồng CayOng Xay RuOng Trụ Trời Popular heroes and gods EditFigures in Vietnamese mythology include The Four Immortals the giant boy Thanh Giong mountain god Tản Vien Sơn Thanh 8 Chử Đồng Tử marsh boy princess Liễu Hạnh One of the Four Immortals also reemerges in the fighting between Sơn Tinh and Thủy Tinh the god of the mountain and the god of the Water Historical legend occurs in the story of the Thuận Thien Heaven s Will magical sword of Emperor Le Lợi Folk mythology includes figures such as the mười hai ba mụ Twelve Midwives twelve goddesses who teach one month old babies skills such as sucking and smiling 9 10 Popular myths legends and stories EditA list of some popular fairy tales or Vietnamese myths and legends includes but is not limited to Lạc Long Quan and Au Cơ The Vietnamese creation origin myth 11 The legend of Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh Mountain God and Water God 12 The betrayal of An Dương Vương 13 Hoan Kiem Lake Le Loi and the Magical Sword citation needed Ong Tao the Kitchen Gods 14 The origins of banh chưng the story of Lang Lieu 15 Four Elements the Turtle the Dragon the Unicorn and the Phoenix 16 King of the gods EditThe king of the gods in Vietnamese mythology is Ong Trời 翁𡗶 God of heaven then due to the influence of China he was identified with Jade Emperor so he was also called Ngọc Hoang Thượng Đế 玉皇上帝 commonly referred to as Ngọc Hoang 玉皇 See also EditEast Asia Chinese creation myths Chinese mythology Japanese creation myth Japanese mythology Korean creation narratives Korean mythologySoutheast Asia East Asia Tai speakers Zhuang people Tay people Nung people Dai people etc Austroasiatic speakers Muong people Thổ people etc References Edit Vietnamese mythology in The Oxford Companion to World Mythology by David Leeming p 394 NIKOUBAKHT NASER BOZORG BEIGDELI SAEED VYTI TAME FONG GODS OF WATER IN IRANIAN AND VIETNAMESE MYTHOLOGY A COMPARATIVE STUDY MYTHO MYSTIC LITERATURE QUARTERLY JOURNAL WINTER 2013 Volume 8 Number 29 Page s 141 To 170 Elisabeth Kemf Vo Quy Dance of a thousand Cranes in Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas The Law of Mother Earth ed Elizabeth Kemf Kelley Liam 2013 01 01 Tai Words and the Place of the Tai in the Vietnamese Past The Journal of the Siam Society 101 Haudricourt Andre Georges 2017 The place of Vietnamese in Austroasiatic English Translation Bulletin de la Societe de Linguistique de Paris 49 122 128 Nguyen Ngan Thi Kim 2020 01 01 Vietnamese religion folklore and literature Archetypal journeys from folktales to medieval fantasy short stories Cogent Arts amp Humanities 7 1 1847769 doi 10 1080 23311983 2020 1847769 S2CID 228906468 Ngữ văn 6 Vol 1 Nha xuất bản Giao dục Việt Nam 2011 p 7 Olga Dror Cult Culture and Authority Princess Liễu Hạnh in Vietnamese History 2007 Page 162 Tản Vien a prominent mountain spirit in Vietnamese mythology is portrayed in some stories as having helped an ancient king deal with a conqueror from Thu c modern Sichuan In the third couplet the reference to Chử Đồng Tử is Iain Stewart Vietnam Lonely Planet 2012 Behind the altar on the right are three fairies and smaller figures representing the 12 ba mu midwives each of whom teaches newborns a different skill necessary for the first year of life smiling sucking and so forth Childless couples often Helle Rydstrom Embodying Morality Growing Up in Rural Northern Vietnam Page 185 2003 When a child in Thinh Tri is one month old a special ritual is performed for what is called the Twelve Midwives Muoi Hai Ba Mu Each of the Twelve Midwives is said to represent a prosperous trait that one would wish for the newborn baby Telling Tales from Southeast Asia and Korea asianfolktales unescoapceiu org Retrieved 2022 01 04 THE LEGEND OF SON TINH AND THUY TINH MOUNTAIN GOD AND WATER GOD phongchongthientai mard gov vn Retrieved 2022 01 04 VietnamPlus 2021 12 18 Co Loa Citadel espies historic stories and legends Destinations Vietnam VietnamPlus VietnamPlus Retrieved 2022 01 15 The Story of Ong Tao the Kitchen God Who Rides a Carp to Heaven Saigoneer saigoneer com Retrieved 2022 01 04 VIETNAM COM Origin of the Traditional Banh Chung VIETNAM COM Retrieved 2022 01 04 Sacred animals in Vietnamese culture and architecture THE VOICE OF VIETNAM 2013 07 12 Retrieved 2022 01 04 Further reading EditNguyen Thi Kim Ngan Alex Wade Reviewing editor 2020 Vietnamese religion folklore and literature Archetypal journeys from folktales to medieval fantasy short stories In Cogent Arts amp Humanities 7 1 doi 10 1080 23311983 2020 1847769 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vietnamese mythology amp oldid 1157212445, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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