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Vetigastropoda

October 15, 2023

Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage. Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order, although they are treated as an unranked clade in Bouchet and Rocroi, 2005.

Vetigastropoda
Temporal range: Ludlow–Recent[1]
Various shells of Vetigastropoda
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Vetigastropoda
Salvini-Plawen, 1989
Superfamilies

See text

Diversity[2]
3,700 extant species
The fossil vetigastropod Discohelix tunisiensis from the Matmor Formation (Middle Jurassic) of southern Israel.

Vetigastropods are considered to be among the most primitive living gastropods,[3] and are widely distributed in all oceans of the world. Their habitats range from the deep sea to intertidal zones. Many have shells with slits or other secondary openings. One of their main characteristics is the presence of intersected crossed platy shell structure.[4] Most vetigastropods have some bilateral asymmetry of their organ systems.[5]

Description Edit

Vetigastropods range in size from approximately 0.08 in (2 mm) long in the case of Scissurelloidea or Skeneoidea, to more than 11.8 in (300 mm) in length, as with the Haliotoidea. External colours and patterns are typically drab, but such groups as the Tricolioidea and some Trochoidea and Pleurotomarioidea have bright colours and glossy shells. The clade is characterized by having an intersected crossed platy shell structure.[4]

Shells range from elongate turret-shaped structures, to near-spherical. Shell sculpture varies greatly from simple concentric growth lines, which may or may not be barely visible on the shell surface, to heavy radial and axial ribbing. The shell aperture is normally oval, and often tangential to the coiling axis. Most species have an operculum (a small lid-like organ). Within the shell, Vetigastropods have a single pair of cephalic tentacles, and a distinct snout containing the mouth. The lateral sides of the body typically have sensory epipodial tentacles.[6]

Distribution Edit

Vetigastropods are found throughout all oceans of the world, including tropical areas, temperate regions, and under polar ice.

Habitat Edit

Vetigastropods are present in most marine environments from intertidal zones to the deep sea. They exist on rocky substrates, in soft sediments, and some have been found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps.

Behaviour Edit

Most vetigastropods are dioecious, although some deep-sea varieties are hermaphrodites. Vetigastropods usually eject their gametes directly into the sea for fertilization, thus there is no courtship or mating between individuals for most species.

Diet Edit

Vetigastropods typically feed on such organisms as bryozoans, tunicates, and sponges. Several species such as Haliotoidea and Trochoidea have evolved to feed directly on such plant material as algae and marine angiosperms. Deep-sea vetigastropods typically consume sediment.[7]

Reproduction Edit

Vetigastropods normally have very small eggs that produce lecithotrophic (yolk feeding) or non-feeding larvae. Many vetigastropods secrete egg envelopes and have glandular pallial structures that produce masses of jelly-coated eggs.

Larger species typically have yearly cycles of spawning, and produce millions of eggs per reproductive season. Smaller species produce fewer eggs, but can spawn year round.

Taxonomy Edit

The Vetigastropoda have been referred to as a superorder as recently as at least 2007, by M. Harzhauser[8] and in 2005 by D. Heidelberger and L. Koch[9] following Ponder & Lindberg, 1997, although Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 refer to this group simply as a clade, leaving taxonomic determination as a future option. The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) follows Bouchet & Rocroi regarding the taxonomic content of the Gastropoda but gives ranks to the higher taxa and defines Vetigastropoda as a subclass. [10]

Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 treats the Vetigastropoda as a major clade and as a sister clade to the Caenogastropoda but includes the Vetigastropoda in what are referred to as Basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda. Ponder & Lindberg, 1997 previously assigned the Vetigastropoda, as a superorder, to the Subclass Orthogastropoda. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that this taxon is one of the four natural groups within the Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Patellogastropoda, and Heterobranchia. Research on the mitochondrial genome arrangement has shown that the Vetigastropoda (and Caenogastropoda) mostly retain the ancestral gene arrangement.[11]

Superfamilies Edit

Superfamilies within the Vetigastropoda include:

References Edit

  1. ^ Frýda, Jiří (1997). "Oldest Representatives of the Superfamily Cirroidea (Vetigastropoda) with Notes on Early Phylogeny". Journal of Paleontology. 71 (5): 839–847. doi:10.1017/s0022336000035782. JSTOR 1306561. S2CID 130637321.
  2. ^ Geiger, D.L.; Nützel, A.; Sasaki, T. (2008). "Vetigastropoda". In Ponder, W.F.; Lindberg, D.R. (eds.). Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca. University of California Press. pp. 297–330. ISBN 9780520250925.
  3. ^ Robertson, R. (2003). "The edible West Indian "whelk" Cittarium pica (Gastropoda: Trochidae): Natural history with new observations". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 153 (1): 27–47. doi:10.1635/0097-3157(2003)153[0027:TEWIWC]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86363886.
  4. ^ a b Hedegaard, C. (1997). "Shell structures of the recent Vetigastropoda". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 63 (3): 369–377. doi:10.1093/mollus/63.3.369. ISSN 1464-3766.
  5. ^ Salvini-Plawen, L.; Haszprunar, G. (1987). "The Vetigastropoda and the Systematics of Streptoneurous Gastropoda (Mollusca)". Journal of Zoology (London). 211 (4): 747–770. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb04485.x.
  6. ^ Haszprunar, G. (1993). "Sententia: The Archaeogastropoda: A Clade, a Grade, or What Else?". American Malacological Union Bulletin. 10: 165–177.
  7. ^ Hickman, C. S. (1988). "Archaeogastropod Evolution, Phylogeny and Systematics: A Re-Evaluation". Malacological Review. Supplement 4: 17–34.
  8. ^ Harzhauser, M. (2007). "Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the western Indo-Pacific". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 280: 75–121. doi:10.1127/pala/280/2007/75.
  9. ^ Heidelberger, D.; Koch, L. (2005). "Gastropoda from the Givetian "Massenkalk" of Schwelm and Hohenlimburg (Saureland, Rheinsiches Schiefergebirge, Germany)". Geologica et Palaeontologica Sonderband. 4: 1–107.
  10. ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Gastropoda. World Register of Marine Species
  11. ^ Grande C., Templado J. & Zardoya R. (2008). "Evolution of gastropod mitochondrial genome arrangements". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (1): 61. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-61. PMC 2291457. PMID 18302768.
  12. ^ Williams, S. T.; Karube, S.; Ozawa, T. (2008). "Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined". Zoologica Scripta. 37 (5): 483–506. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00341.x. S2CID 84570997.
  13. ^ taxonomy. "ErrorTaxonomy object not found". Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
  14. ^ a b Aktipis, Stephanie W.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2010). "A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other "archaeogastropods": re-organizing old gastropod clades" (PDF). Invertebrate Biology. 129 (3): 220–240. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00198.x.

External links Edit

 
Wikispecies has information related to Vetigastropoda.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vetigastropoda.
  • Aktipis, S. W.; Giribet, G. (2011). "Testing relationships among the vetigastropod taxa: A molecular approach". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 78: 12–27. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyr023.
  • Herbert D.G. (2015). An annotated catalogue and bibliography of the taxonomy, synonymy and distribution of the Recent Vetigastropoda of South Africa (Mollusca). Zootaxa. 4049(1): 1-98
  • Gastropod reproductive behavior
  • 2004 Linnean taxonomy of gastropods

October 15, 2023
vetigastropoda, major, taxonomic, group, snails, marine, gastropod, mollusks, that, form, very, ancient, lineage, taxonomically, sometimes, treated, order, although, they, treated, unranked, clade, bouchet, rocroi, 2005, temporal, range, ludlow, recent, preꞒ, . Vetigastropoda is a major taxonomic group of sea snails marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage Taxonomically the Vetigastropoda are sometimes treated as an order although they are treated as an unranked clade in Bouchet and Rocroi 2005 VetigastropodaTemporal range Ludlow Recent 1 PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NVarious shells of VetigastropodaScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum MolluscaClass GastropodaSubclass VetigastropodaSalvini Plawen 1989SuperfamiliesSee textDiversity 2 3 700 extant speciesThe fossil vetigastropod Discohelix tunisiensis from the Matmor Formation Middle Jurassic of southern Israel Vetigastropods are considered to be among the most primitive living gastropods 3 and are widely distributed in all oceans of the world Their habitats range from the deep sea to intertidal zones Many have shells with slits or other secondary openings One of their main characteristics is the presence of intersected crossed platy shell structure 4 Most vetigastropods have some bilateral asymmetry of their organ systems 5 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Habitat 4 Behaviour 5 Diet 6 Reproduction 7 Taxonomy 7 1 Superfamilies 8 References 9 External linksDescription EditVetigastropods range in size from approximately 0 08 in 2 mm long in the case of Scissurelloidea or Skeneoidea to more than 11 8 in 300 mm in length as with the Haliotoidea External colours and patterns are typically drab but such groups as the Tricolioidea and some Trochoidea and Pleurotomarioidea have bright colours and glossy shells The clade is characterized by having an intersected crossed platy shell structure 4 Shells range from elongate turret shaped structures to near spherical Shell sculpture varies greatly from simple concentric growth lines which may or may not be barely visible on the shell surface to heavy radial and axial ribbing The shell aperture is normally oval and often tangential to the coiling axis Most species have an operculum a small lid like organ Within the shell Vetigastropods have a single pair of cephalic tentacles and a distinct snout containing the mouth The lateral sides of the body typically have sensory epipodial tentacles 6 Distribution EditVetigastropods are found throughout all oceans of the world including tropical areas temperate regions and under polar ice Habitat EditVetigastropods are present in most marine environments from intertidal zones to the deep sea They exist on rocky substrates in soft sediments and some have been found at deep sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps Behaviour EditMost vetigastropods are dioecious although some deep sea varieties are hermaphrodites Vetigastropods usually eject their gametes directly into the sea for fertilization thus there is no courtship or mating between individuals for most species Diet EditVetigastropods typically feed on such organisms as bryozoans tunicates and sponges Several species such as Haliotoidea and Trochoidea have evolved to feed directly on such plant material as algae and marine angiosperms Deep sea vetigastropods typically consume sediment 7 Reproduction EditVetigastropods normally have very small eggs that produce lecithotrophic yolk feeding or non feeding larvae Many vetigastropods secrete egg envelopes and have glandular pallial structures that produce masses of jelly coated eggs Larger species typically have yearly cycles of spawning and produce millions of eggs per reproductive season Smaller species produce fewer eggs but can spawn year round Taxonomy EditThe Vetigastropoda have been referred to as a superorder as recently as at least 2007 by M Harzhauser 8 and in 2005 by D Heidelberger and L Koch 9 following Ponder amp Lindberg 1997 although Bouchet amp Rocroi 2005 refer to this group simply as a clade leaving taxonomic determination as a future option The World Register of Marine Species WoRMS follows Bouchet amp Rocroi regarding the taxonomic content of the Gastropoda but gives ranks to the higher taxa and defines Vetigastropoda as a subclass 10 Bouchet amp Rocroi 2005 treats the Vetigastropoda as a major clade and as a sister clade to the Caenogastropoda but includes the Vetigastropoda in what are referred to as Basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda Ponder amp Lindberg 1997 previously assigned the Vetigastropoda as a superorder to the Subclass Orthogastropoda Phylogenetic analysis indicates that this taxon is one of the four natural groups within the Gastropoda Vetigastropoda Caenogastropoda Patellogastropoda and Heterobranchia Research on the mitochondrial genome arrangement has shown that the Vetigastropoda and Caenogastropoda mostly retain the ancestral gene arrangement 11 Superfamilies Edit Superfamilies within the Vetigastropoda include Not assigned to a superfamily within Vetigastropoda are the families Ataphridae Cossmann 1915 Pendromidae Waren 1991 synonym Trachysmatidae Thiele 1925 Schizogoniidae the genera Sahlingia Waren amp Bouchet 2001 Superfamily Amberleyoidea Superfamily Angarioidea created as a new superfamily by Williams et al 2008 12 Superfamily Eotomarioidea Superfamily Fissurelloidea Flemming 1822 keyhole limpets Superfamily Haliotoidea Rafinesque 1815 abalones 13 Superfamily Lepetelloidea Superfamily Lepetodriloidea McLean 1988 hydrothermal vent limpets Superfamily Murchisonioidea Superfamily Neomphaloidea belongs in its own independent clade the Neomphalina outside the Vetigastropoda 14 Superfamily Pleurotomarioidea Swainson 1840 slit snails a sister clade to Neomphalina 14 Superfamily Porcellioidea Superfamily Scissurelloidea Superfamily Seguenzioidea Verrill 1884 Superfamily Trochoidea Rafinesque 1815 top snails Superfamily Turbinoidea turban snails In 2008 this superfamily has been split into Trochoidea and PhasianelloideaReferences Edit Fryda Jiri 1997 Oldest Representatives of the Superfamily Cirroidea Vetigastropoda with Notes on Early Phylogeny Journal of Paleontology 71 5 839 847 doi 10 1017 s0022336000035782 JSTOR 1306561 S2CID 130637321 Geiger D L Nutzel A Sasaki T 2008 Vetigastropoda In Ponder W F Lindberg D R eds Phylogeny and evolution of the Mollusca University of California Press pp 297 330 ISBN 9780520250925 Robertson R 2003 The edible West Indian whelk Cittarium pica Gastropoda Trochidae Natural history with new observations Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 153 1 27 47 doi 10 1635 0097 3157 2003 153 0027 TEWIWC 2 0 CO 2 S2CID 86363886 a b Hedegaard C 1997 Shell structures of the recent Vetigastropoda Journal of Molluscan Studies 63 3 369 377 doi 10 1093 mollus 63 3 369 ISSN 1464 3766 Salvini Plawen L Haszprunar G 1987 The Vetigastropoda and the Systematics of Streptoneurous Gastropoda Mollusca Journal of Zoology London 211 4 747 770 doi 10 1111 j 1469 7998 1987 tb04485 x Haszprunar G 1993 Sententia The Archaeogastropoda A Clade a Grade or What Else American Malacological Union Bulletin 10 165 177 Hickman C S 1988 Archaeogastropod Evolution Phylogeny and Systematics A Re Evaluation Malacological Review Supplement 4 17 34 Harzhauser M 2007 Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the western Indo Pacific Palaeontographica Abteilung A 280 75 121 doi 10 1127 pala 280 2007 75 Heidelberger D Koch L 2005 Gastropoda from the Givetian Massenkalk of Schwelm and Hohenlimburg Saureland Rheinsiches Schiefergebirge Germany Geologica et Palaeontologica Sonderband 4 1 107 Gofas S 2010 Gastropoda World Register of Marine Species Grande C Templado J amp Zardoya R 2008 Evolution of gastropod mitochondrial genome arrangements BMC Evolutionary Biology 8 1 61 doi 10 1186 1471 2148 8 61 PMC 2291457 PMID 18302768 Williams S T Karube S Ozawa T 2008 Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda Trochidae Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined Zoologica Scripta 37 5 483 506 doi 10 1111 j 1463 6409 2008 00341 x S2CID 84570997 taxonomy ErrorTaxonomy object not found Ncbi nlm nih gov Retrieved 2013 09 28 a b Aktipis Stephanie W Giribet Gonzalo 2010 A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other archaeogastropods re organizing old gastropod clades PDF Invertebrate Biology 129 3 220 240 doi 10 1111 j 1744 7410 2010 00198 x External links Edit nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Vetigastropoda nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vetigastropoda Aktipis S W Giribet G 2011 Testing relationships among the vetigastropod taxa A molecular approach Journal of Molluscan Studies 78 12 27 doi 10 1093 mollus eyr023 Herbert D G 2015 An annotated catalogue and bibliography of the taxonomy synonymy and distribution of the Recent Vetigastropoda of South Africa Mollusca Zootaxa 4049 1 1 98 Gastropod taxonomy at Palaeos Gastropod reproductive behavior Gastropod Neuroscience Reconstructions of fossil gastropods 2004 Linnean taxonomy of gastropods Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vetigastropoda amp oldid 1172247287, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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