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Vegueria

March 03, 2023

The vegueria (Catalan pronunciation: [bəɣəˈɾi.ə]; pl. vegueries) was the feudal administrative territorial jurisdiction of the Principality of Catalonia (to the Crown of Aragon) during the Middle Ages and into the Modern Era until the Nueva Planta decrees of 1716. The vegueria was headed by a veguer (Latin: vigerius) and its office was called a vigeriate (Latin: vigeriatus).

Current regional plan of Catalonia and the non-deployed vegueries defined by law:
  •   Àmbit metropolità
  •   Alt Pirineu i Aran
  •   Tarragona
  •   Penedès
  •   Comarques Centrals
  •   Comarques Gironines
  •   Ponent
  •   Terres de l'Ebre

Vegueries were also in place during the Crown of Aragon dominion of Sardinia, and –briefly– during the same in the Duchy of Athens .

History

Origins and functions

The origins of the vegueria go back to the era of the Carolingian Empire, when vicars (Latin: vicarii, singular vicarius) were installed beneath the counts in the Marca Hispanica. The office of a vicar was a vicariate (Latin: vicariatus) and his territory was a vicaria. All these Latin terms of Carolingian administration evolved in the Catalan language even as they disappeared in the rest of Europe. The Catalan terms were even subsequently Latinised: vicarius → vigerius.

The original functions of the vigeriate were feudal and it was probably initially hereditary. The veguer was appointed by his feudal lord, the count, and was accountable to him. He was the military commander of his vegueria (and thus keeper of the publicly owned castles), the chief justice of the same district, and the man in charge of the public finances (the fisc) of the region entrusted to him. As time wore on, the functions of the veguer became more and more judicial in nature. He held a cort del veguer or de la vegueria with its own seal. The cort had authority in all matter save those relating to the feudal aristocracy. It commonly heard pleas of the crown, civil, and criminal cases. The veguer did, however, retain some military functions as well: he was the commander of the militia and the superintendent of royal castles. His job was law and order and the maintenance of the king's peace: in many respects an office analogous to that of the sheriff in England.

Prime

At the end of the twelfth century in Catalonia, there were twelve vegueries. By the end of the reign of Peter the Great (1285) there were seventeen, and by the time of James the Just there were twenty one. These administrative divisions remained until 1716. Some of the larger vegueries included one or more sotsvegueries (subvigueries), which had a large degree of autonomy.

While Catalonia continued to use vegueries as subdivisions of counties, elsewhere in the Iberian peninsula there were the merináticos (Kingdom of Aragon) and the corregimientos (Kingdom of Castile) whose functions were similar to those of the Catalan vegueries.

When the Kingdom of Sicily became a Catalan-run state, it was not subdivided into vegueries, since a similar Italian institution was already entrenched there: that of the capitania and the capità. The capità had similar to identical functions as the veguer. When the Catalans conquered the Duchy of Athens, they subdivided that duchy into three vegueries: Athens, Thebes, and Livadia.[1] In the Duchy of Neopatras which the Catalans conquered in 1319, the institution of the capità appeared instead of the vigeriate, but the captaincies (Siderokastron, Neopatras, and Salona) were similar to identical in function to the vegueries of Athens. In Athens, the offices of captain and veguer were often held by the same individual as capitaneus seu vigerius and variants. Once the Aragonese crown had finally subdued most of the Kingdom of Sardinia to their rule by the end of the fourteenth century, they had subdivided its government into vegueries. All the veguerias of the Catalan possessions were, by the Usages of Barcelona, constrained to be held for only three years by any individual, though in practice some kings ignored this. In Athens, a vicar general on the Italian model was instituted above the veguers.

Historical vegueries

Catalan vegueries have change their limits along the history and there has not always been the same number of them. Their history was terminated in 1716, when the vegueries were replaced by 12 corregimientos, a historical Castilian administrative division.

The veguerias of Catalonia[2][3][4] at the time of James the Just were:

Later, during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a few more vegueries were created:

Attempts to reinstate vegueries in Catalonia in modern times

Starting in 1822 Spain has been distributed into 50 provinces. The four Catalan provinces are somewhat bigger than the vegueries organization and, in modern times, there have been a few attempts to implement a smaller subdivision than that of the province, and this has been tried by means of re-instating smaller administration unit which would use the historical name of vegueria.

Despite these attempts, to date the province continues to be the building block in Catalonia.

Republican Generalitat 1931

 
Catalan regions, from 1936 to 1939

During the brief years of the Spanish Second Republic, the Catalan autonomous government divided Catalonia into nine regions, which, in turn, were subdivided into comarques. This brief organization (as follows below) is cited as a model for the latter-day attempts to implement a smaller administration unit than that of the province:

Current proposals

 
Catalan regional plan 1995, used as the basis for different vegueries projects.
  •   Àmbit metropolità
  •   Alt Pirineu i Aran
  •   Tarragona
  •   Comarques Centrals
  •   Comarques Gironines
  •   Ponent
  •   Terres de l'Ebre

When Franco died and Spain returned to a democratic system, the Spanish regions entered a process of intense devolution, from the central government, but also internally. In Catalonia, the comarcas were reinstated in 1987, although the veguerias have yet to be formally reclaimed.

Under the 2006 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, the four diputacions provincials (provincial government of the provinces) which make up Catalonia are to be superseded by seven consells de vegueries (veguerial government), which will also take over many of the functions of the comarques.[9] As of May 2011, the final boundaries of the new vegueries have not been formally approved. They were expected to be similar to the 9 regions of the Republican Generalitat, as follows:

Some associations and town councils involved have asked for a Penedès vegueria to be created, as it was in the past (13th century — 1716).[11] This would include the Alt Penedès, Baix Penedès, Garraf and Anoia, comarcas which the current proposal split between the Àmbit metropolità, Camp de Tarragona and Comarques Centrals. The city of Tarragona[who?] asks the government and the parliament to use the historical and official name Vegueria of Tarragona, used between the 13th century and 1716.[citation needed]

The previous Catalan regional government (2006–2010) hinted plans to formally re-establish the vegueries in 2011[9] and use them as the "building blocks" of the region.

However, the 2010 Catalan regional election produced a new legislature which has put these plans on hold.[12]

References

  1. ^ Setton, Kenneth M. Catalan Domination of Athens 1311–1380. Revised edition. London: Variorum, 1975.
  2. ^ l'Enciclopedia, vegueria. (in Catalan)
  3. ^ l'Enciclopedia, sotsveguer. (in Catalan)
  4. ^ l'Enciclopedia, sotsvegueria. (in Catalan)
  5. ^ GGCC, Alt Urgell (in Catalan)
  6. ^ l'Enciclipedia, vegueria de Balaguer (in Catalan)
  7. ^ l'Enciclopedia, vegueria d'Agramunt (in Catalan)
  8. ^ Consell comarcal del Bages (in Catalan)
  9. ^ a b Radio Banyoles, (in Catalan)
  10. ^ Vegueria de l'Alt Ter (campaign) (in Catalan)
  11. ^ Plataforma per la Vegueria Penedès (campaign) (in Catalan)
  12. ^ "Joana Ortega: 'Mi objetivo es pactar una ley electoral que ponga fin a las listas cerradas'". 23 January 2011.

March 03, 2023
vegueria, vegueria, catalan, pronunciation, bəɣəˈɾi, vegueries, feudal, administrative, territorial, jurisdiction, principality, catalonia, crown, aragon, during, middle, ages, into, modern, until, nueva, planta, decrees, 1716, vegueria, headed, veguer, latin,. The vegueria Catalan pronunciation beɣeˈɾi e pl vegueries was the feudal administrative territorial jurisdiction of the Principality of Catalonia to the Crown of Aragon during the Middle Ages and into the Modern Era until the Nueva Planta decrees of 1716 The vegueria was headed by a veguer Latin vigerius and its office was called a vigeriate Latin vigeriatus Current regional plan of Catalonia and the non deployed vegueries defined by law Ambit metropolita Alt Pirineu i Aran Tarragona Penedes Comarques Centrals Comarques Gironines Ponent Terres de l Ebre Vegueries were also in place during the Crown of Aragon dominion of Sardinia and briefly during the same in the Duchy of Athens Contents 1 History 1 1 Origins and functions 1 2 Prime 2 Historical vegueries 3 Attempts to reinstate vegueries in Catalonia in modern times 3 1 Republican Generalitat 1931 3 2 Current proposals 4 ReferencesHistory EditOrigins and functions Edit The origins of the vegueria go back to the era of the Carolingian Empire when vicars Latin vicarii singular vicarius were installed beneath the counts in the Marca Hispanica The office of a vicar was a vicariate Latin vicariatus and his territory was a vicaria All these Latin terms of Carolingian administration evolved in the Catalan language even as they disappeared in the rest of Europe The Catalan terms were even subsequently Latinised vicarius vigerius The original functions of the vigeriate were feudal and it was probably initially hereditary The veguer was appointed by his feudal lord the count and was accountable to him He was the military commander of his vegueria and thus keeper of the publicly owned castles the chief justice of the same district and the man in charge of the public finances the fisc of the region entrusted to him As time wore on the functions of the veguer became more and more judicial in nature He held a cort del veguer or de la vegueria with its own seal The cort had authority in all matter save those relating to the feudal aristocracy It commonly heard pleas of the crown civil and criminal cases The veguer did however retain some military functions as well he was the commander of the militia and the superintendent of royal castles His job was law and order and the maintenance of the king s peace in many respects an office analogous to that of the sheriff in England Prime Edit At the end of the twelfth century in Catalonia there were twelve vegueries By the end of the reign of Peter the Great 1285 there were seventeen and by the time of James the Just there were twenty one These administrative divisions remained until 1716 Some of the larger vegueries included one or more sotsvegueries subvigueries which had a large degree of autonomy While Catalonia continued to use vegueries as subdivisions of counties elsewhere in the Iberian peninsula there were the merinaticos Kingdom of Aragon and the corregimientos Kingdom of Castile whose functions were similar to those of the Catalan vegueries When the Kingdom of Sicily became a Catalan run state it was not subdivided into vegueries since a similar Italian institution was already entrenched there that of the capitania and the capita The capita had similar to identical functions as the veguer When the Catalans conquered the Duchy of Athens they subdivided that duchy into three vegueries Athens Thebes and Livadia 1 In the Duchy of Neopatras which the Catalans conquered in 1319 the institution of the capita appeared instead of the vigeriate but the captaincies Siderokastron Neopatras and Salona were similar to identical in function to the vegueries of Athens In Athens the offices of captain and veguer were often held by the same individual as capitaneus seu vigerius and variants Once the Aragonese crown had finally subdued most of the Kingdom of Sardinia to their rule by the end of the fourteenth century they had subdivided its government into vegueries All the veguerias of the Catalan possessions were by the Usages of Barcelona constrained to be held for only three years by any individual though in practice some kings ignored this In Athens a vicar general on the Italian model was instituted above the veguers Historical vegueries EditCatalan vegueries have change their limits along the history and there has not always been the same number of them Their history was terminated in 1716 when the vegueries were replaced by 12 corregimientos a historical Castilian administrative division The veguerias of Catalonia 2 3 4 at the time of James the Just were Tortosa Tarragona Montblanc Barcelona with Valles sotsvegueria Osona Bergueda with Manresa sotsvegueria Bages with Moianes sotsvegueria Vilafranca del Penedes with Igualada and Piera sotsvegueries Girona Besalu Campodron La Ral Ripolles Tarrega Lleida with Balaguer sotsvegueria Cervera with Agramunt and Prats del Rei sotsvegueries Ribagorca Pallars Camarasa Rossello with Vallespir sotsvegueria Conflent with Capcir sotsvegueria Cerdanya with Ribes and Barida sotsvegueries Later during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries a few more vegueries were created Urgell 5 Balaguer 6 Agramunt 7 Llucanes 8 Attempts to reinstate vegueries in Catalonia in modern times EditStarting in 1822 Spain has been distributed into 50 provinces The four Catalan provinces are somewhat bigger than the vegueries organization and in modern times there have been a few attempts to implement a smaller subdivision than that of the province and this has been tried by means of re instating smaller administration unit which would use the historical name of vegueria Despite these attempts to date the province continues to be the building block in Catalonia Republican Generalitat 1931 Edit Catalan regions from 1936 to 1939 During the brief years of the Spanish Second Republic the Catalan autonomous government divided Catalonia into nine regions which in turn were subdivided into comarques This brief organization as follows below is cited as a model for the latter day attempts to implement a smaller administration unit than that of the province 1st region the capital was Barcelona and comprised the comarques Baix Llobregat el Barcelones el Maresme Valles Occidental and el Valles Oriental 2nd region the capital was Girona and the comarques l Alt Emporda el Baix Emporda la Garrotxa el Girones and la Selva Pla de l Estany newly created in 1987 was back then included in this region 3rd region the capital was Tarragona and the comarques l Alt Camp l Alt Penedes el Baix Penedes el Garraf and el Tarragones 4th region the capital was Reus and the comarques Baix Camp la Conca de Barbera el Priorat and la Ribera d Ebre 5th region the capital was Tortosa and the comarques Baix Ebre el Montsia and la Terra Alta 6th region the capital was Vic and the comarques Baixa Cerdanya Osona and el Ripolles 7th region the capital was Manresa and the comarques l Anoia el Bages el Bergueda and el Solsones 8th region the capital was Lleida and the comarques les Garrigues la Noguera l Urgell la Segarra and el Segria el Pla d Urgell newly created in 1987 was back then included in this region 9th region the capital was Tremp and the comarques l Alt Urgell el Pallars Jussa el Pallars Sobira and la Vall d Aran l Alta Ribagorca newly created in 1987 was back then included in this region Current proposals Edit Catalan regional plan 1995 used as the basis for different vegueries projects Ambit metropolita Alt Pirineu i Aran Tarragona Comarques Centrals Comarques Gironines Ponent Terres de l Ebre When Franco died and Spain returned to a democratic system the Spanish regions entered a process of intense devolution from the central government but also internally In Catalonia the comarcas were reinstated in 1987 although the veguerias have yet to be formally reclaimed Under the 2006 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia the four diputacions provincials provincial government of the provinces which make up Catalonia are to be superseded by seven consells de vegueries veguerial government which will also take over many of the functions of the comarques 9 As of May 2011 the final boundaries of the new vegueries have not been formally approved They were expected to be similar to the 9 regions of the Republican Generalitat as follows Ambit metropolita de Barcelona former 1st region Alt Penedes and Garraf Alt Pirineu former 9th region and Cerdanya without Val d Aran Camp de Tarragona former 3rd region and 4th region Comarques Centrals former 7th region and Osona The proposed boundaries of this vegueria are contested by some Comarques Gironines former 2nd and Ripolles Also contested 10 Ponent or Lleida former 8th region Terres de l Ebre former 5th region and Ribera d Ebre Some associations and town councils involved have asked for a Penedes vegueria to be created as it was in the past 13th century 1716 11 This would include the Alt Penedes Baix Penedes Garraf and Anoia comarcas which the current proposal split between the Ambit metropolita Camp de Tarragona and Comarques Centrals The city of Tarragona who asks the government and the parliament to use the historical and official name Vegueria of Tarragona used between the 13th century and 1716 citation needed The previous Catalan regional government 2006 2010 hinted plans to formally re establish the vegueries in 2011 9 and use them as the building blocks of the region However the 2010 Catalan regional election produced a new legislature which has put these plans on hold 12 References Edit Setton Kenneth M Catalan Domination of Athens 1311 1380 Revised edition London Variorum 1975 l Enciclopedia vegueria in Catalan l Enciclopedia sotsveguer in Catalan l Enciclopedia sotsvegueria in Catalan GGCC Alt Urgell in Catalan l Enciclipedia vegueria de Balaguer in Catalan l Enciclopedia vegueria d Agramunt in Catalan Consell comarcal del Bages in Catalan a b Radio Banyoles in Catalan Vegueria de l Alt Ter campaign in Catalan Plataforma per la Vegueria Penedes campaign in Catalan Joana Ortega Mi objetivo es pactar una ley electoral que ponga fin a las listas cerradas 23 January 2011 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Vegueria amp oldid 1049755632, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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