Isotopes of vanadium

Naturally occurring vanadium (₂₃V) is composed of one stable isotope ⁵¹V and one radioactive isotope ⁵⁰V with a half-life of 2.71×10¹⁷ years. 24 artificial radioisotopes have been characterized (in the range of mass number between 40 and 65) with the most stable being ⁴⁹V with a half-life of 330 days, and ⁴⁸V with a half-life of 15.9735 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives shorter than an hour, the majority of them below 10 seconds, the least stable being ⁴²V with a half-life shorter than 55 nanoseconds, with all of the isotopes lighter than it, and none of the heavier, have unknown half-lives. In 4 isotopes, metastable excited states were found (including 2 metastable states for ⁶⁰V), which adds up to 5 meta states.

Isotopes of vanadium (₂₃V)

Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct ^48V synth 16 d β^+ ^48Ti ^49V synth 330 d ε ^49Ti ^50V 0.25% 2.71×10^17 y β^+ ^50Ti ^51V 99.8% stable
Standard atomic weight Ar°(V)
	50.9415±0.0001^[1] 50.942±0.001 (abridged)^[2]
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The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope ⁵¹V is electron capture. The next most common mode is beta decay. The primary decay products before ⁵¹V are element 22 (titanium) isotopes and the primary products after are element 24 (chromium) isotopes.

List of isotopes

Nuclide ^[n 1]	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da) ^[n 2]^[n 3]	Half-life ^[n 4]^[n 5]	Decay mode ^[n 6]	Daughter isotope ^[n 7]	Spin and parity ^[n 8]^[n 5]	Natural abundance (mole fraction)		Note
	Excitation energy^[n 5]							Normal proportion	Range of variation
^40V	23	17	40.01109(54)#		p	^39Ti	2−#
^41V	23	18	40.99978(22)#		p	^40Ti	7/2−#
^42V	23	19	41.99123(21)#	<55 ns	p	^41Ti	2−#
^43V	23	20	42.98065(25)#	80# ms	β^+	^43Ti	7/2−#
^44V	23	21	43.97411(13)	111(7) ms	β^+ (>99.9%)	^44Ti	(2+)
					β^+, α (<.1%)	^40Ca
^44mV	270(100)# keV			150(3) ms	β^+	^44Ti	(6+)
^45V	23	22	44.965776(18)	547(6) ms	β^+	^45Ti	7/2−
^46V	23	23	45.9602005(11)	422.50(11) ms	β^+	^46Ti	0+
^46mV	801.46(10) keV			1.02(7) ms	IT	^46V	3+
^47V	23	24	46.9549089(9)	32.6(3) min	β^+	^47Ti	3/2−
^48V	23	25	47.9522537(27)	15.9735(25) d	β^+	^48Ti	4+
^49V	23	26	48.9485161(12)	329(3) d	EC	^49Ti	7/2−
^50V^[n 9]	23	27	49.9471585(11)	2.71(13)×10^17 y	β^+	^50Ti	6+	0.00250(4)	0.002487–0.002502
					β^− (<3%^[3])	^50Cr
^51V	23	28	50.9439595(11)	Stable			7/2−	0.99750(4)	0.997498–0.997513	See V-51 nuclear magnetic resonance
^52V	23	29	51.9447755(11)	3.743(5) min	β^−	^52Cr	3+
^53V	23	30	52.944338(3)	1.60(4) min	β^−	^53Cr	7/2−
^54V	23	31	53.946440(16)	49.8(5) s	β^−	^54Cr	3+
^54mV	108(3) keV			900(500) ns			(5+)
^55V	23	32	54.94723(11)	6.54(15) s	β^−	^55Cr	(7/2−)#
^56V	23	33	55.95053(22)	216(4) ms	β^− (>99.9%)	^56Cr	(1+)
					β^−, n	^55Cr
^57V	23	34	56.95256(25)	0.35(1) s	β^− (>99.9%)	^57Cr	(3/2−)
					β^−, n (<.1%)	^56Cr
^58V	23	35	57.95683(27)	191(8) ms	β^− (>99.9%)	^58Cr	3+#
					β^−, n (<.1%)	^57Cr
^59V	23	36	58.96021(33)	75(7) ms	β^− (>99.9%)	^59Cr	7/2−#
					β^−, n (<.1%)	^58Cr
^60V	23	37	59.96503(51)	122(18) ms	β^− (>99.9%)	^60Cr	3+#
					β^−, n (<.1%)	^59Cr
^60m1V	0(150)# keV			40(15) ms			1+#
^60m2V	101(1) keV			>400 ns
^61V	23	38	60.96848(43)#	47.0(12) ms	β^−	^61Cr	7/2−#
^62V	23	39	61.97378(54)#	33.5(20) ms	β^−	^62Cr	3+#
^63V	23	40	62.97755(64)#	17(3) ms	β^−	^63Cr	(7/2−)#
^64V	23	41	63.98347(75)#	10# ms [>300 ns]
^65V	23	42	64.98792(86)#	10# ms			5/2−#
^66V^[4]	23	43	65.99324(54)#	10# ms (>620 ns)	β^−?^[n 10]	^66Cr
					β^−, n?^[n 10]	^65Cr
					β^−, 2n?^[n 10]	^64Cr
^67V^[5]	23	44	66.99813(64)#	8# ms (>620 ns)	β^−?^[n 10]	^67Cr	5/2−#
					β^−, n?^[n 10]	^66Cr
					β^−, 2n?^[n 10]	^65Cr
This table header & footer: view

1. ^mV – Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
5. # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
6. Modes of decay:

   EC:	Electron capture
   IT:	Isomeric transition
   p:	Proton emission

7. Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
8. ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
9. Primordial radionuclide
10. Decay mode shown is energetically allowed, but has not been experimentally observed to occur in this nuclide.

References

1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Vanadium". CIAAW. 1977.
2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
3. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
4. Tarasov, O. B.; et al. (April 2009). "Evidence for a Change in the Nuclear Mass Surface with the Discovery of the Most Neutron-Rich Nuclei with 17 ≤ Z ≤ 25". Physical Review Letters. 102 (14): 142501. arXiv:0903.1975. Bibcode:2009PhRvL.102n2501T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.142501. PMID 19392430. S2CID 42329617. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
5. Tarasov, O. B.; et al. (May 2013). "Production cross sections from 82 Se fragmentation as indications of shell effects in neutron-rich isotopes close to the drip-line". Physical Review C. 87 (5): 054612. arXiv:1303.7164. Bibcode:2013PhRvC..87e4612T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.87.054612.

• Isotope masses from:
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
• Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
  • de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
  • Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
• "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
  • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
  • Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
• History of discovery: A. Shore, A. Fritsch, M. Heim, A. Schuh, M. Thoennessen. Discovery of the Vanadium Isotopes. arXiv:0907.1994 (2009).