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Uttarakhand movement

February 14, 2023

The Uttarakhand movement refers to the events of statehood activism within the undivided state of Uttar Pradesh which ultimately resulted in the formation of Uttarakhand, India as a separate state.[1] Uttarakhand became a state on 9 November 2000. The formation of Uttarakhand was achieved after a long struggle and many sacrifices. The demand to make Uttarakhand a state was first raised at a special session of the Indian National Congress held in Srinagar on 5-6 May 1938. The demand gradually strengthened following a series of events. In 1994, the demand for a separate state eventually took the form of mass movement that resulted in the formation of India's 27th state by 2000.

History

The important dates and events that played a key role in the struggle for the formation of the Uttarakhand state are:

  • As a unit of Indian independence movement in 1913, the national general convention of the Indian National Congress was held in Uttarakhand. Most representatives from Uttarakhand participated in the session. The same year in Uttarakhand, Tamta Sudharini Sabha held the convention for the upliftment of backwards and oppressed people of the area, as the Shilpkar Mahasabha.
  • In September 1916, the Kumaon Parishad was founded by some young enthusiasts—mainly Pt Hargovind Vallabh Pant, Govind Ballabh Pant, Badri Datt Pandey, Indralal Shah, Mohan Singh Damarwal Chandra Lal Shah Prem Ballabh Pandey, Bhola Datt Pandey and Lakshmi Datt Shastri—with the main objective to solve social and economic problems of the hill region. By 1916, in addition to the local general reforms, certain political objectives were added to the organization's goals. In the Provincial elections of 1923 and 1926 the candidates of Kumaon Parishad, Hargovind Vallabh Pant, Govind Vallabh Pant, Mukundi Lal and Badri Datt Pandey badly defeated their counterparties.
  • In 1926 Kumaon Parishad was merged in the Indian National Congress.
  • In May 1938, according to official sources in the British Raj, in the national general convention of Indian National Congress held at Srinagar, Garhwal, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru favoured the cause of the movement of the residents of hill region to have their own decisions according to their circumstances and supported the movement to enrich their culture.
  • In 1940, at Haldwani conference, Badri Datt Pandey voiced for the special status of the mountainous region. Anusuya Prasad Bahuguna proposed the formation of Kumaon - Garhwal as the separate units. In 1954 the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council member Indra Singh Nayal demanded the separate development plan for the highlands to then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Govind Ballabh Pant. In 1955 the Justice Fazal Ali commission recommended the Government of India, formation of hill region as a separate state.
  • In the year 1957, deputy chairman of the Planning Commission, T. T. Krishnamachari suggested special attention be given to the issues of the hill region. On 12 May 1970, then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi addressed the issues of hill region and admitted that the diagnosis of the problems of hill region is the responsibility of both State and Central Governments. On 24 July 1979, the Uttarakhand Kranti Dal was founded in Mussoorie with the objective of the formation of a separate hill state. In June 1987 at the party convention of UKD in Karnaprayag, party leaders called for the constitution of conflict and isolation. In November 1987 UKD passed the party resolution for the formation of the new state in the memorandum and the party president also sought to include Haridwar in the proposed state.
  • Throughout the year 1994, students all over the region participated in the collective movement for separate statehood and reservations. Uttarakhand movement than further intensified in the field by Anti-Uttarakhand statement of then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Mulayam Singh Yadav. The leaders of UKD held fast-unto-death in the support of their demand for a separate state. State government employees struck work for three months, and the events of the Uttarakhand movement got more intensified with the blockades and confrontation with the police. Uttarakhand activists in Mussoorie and Khatima were shot down by the police. Under the aegis of the, Samyukta Morcha on 2 October 1994 the massive demonstrations and protests for the support of statehood took place in the national capital Delhi. Thousands of Uttarakhand activists marched to Delhi to participate in this struggle. The activists peacefully taking part in the demonstration near Rampur Tiraha crossing, Muzaffarnagar were tortured and openly fired without any warning prior to the firing.[2] Policemen were also alleged for indecent behavior and rapes with women activists. Satya Pokhriyal was leader who leads all the people from the mishappening, other andolankari help other people and shows the bravery. Several people were killed and many were injured. This misadventure by the police added fuel to the fire for the Uttarakhand movement. The next day 3 October, the protests were called off for the demolition of firing and several deaths all over the region.
  • In March 1994, the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav deeded to implement the Mandal Commission recommendation of reserving 27 per cent jobs in government and places in schools and colleges for socially and economically backward castes and classes. The Hills had a negligible OBC population of 2.5%. Reserving the seat for OBC meant all Govt seats going to the plains of Uttar Pradesh. It resulted in the intensification of the statehood protests. [3][4]
  • 7 October 1994, a female activist died after the brutal attack by police in Dehradun while she was protesting against Rampur Tiraha Firings, and the activists in return stormed the police station.
  • 15 October, curfew took in Dehradun and one activist was killed on the same day.
  • 27 October 1994, then Home Minister of India, Rajesh Pilot held the talks with the statehood activists. Meanwhile, at Sriyantra Tapu, Srinagar several activists were killed in a brutal attack by the police.
  • 15 August 1996, then Prime Minister H. D. Deve Gowda announced the formation of new state Uttaranchal from the Red Fort, Delhi.
  • in 1998 the BJP-led coalition government in the center sent the 'Uttaranchal Bill' to the Government of Uttar Pradesh through the President of India. With 26 amendments the Uttaranchal Bill was passed by the Uttar Pradesh Assembly and sent back to the Central Government. The Central Government on 27 July 2000, presented the Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Bill 2000 in the Parliament of India. It was passed by Lok Sabha on 1 August 2000, and the Rajya Sabha passed the bill on 10 August 2000. Then President of India, K. R. Narayanan approved the Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Bill, on 28 August 2000, and then it turned into Act and on 9 November 2000 the new state Uttaranchal came into existence as the 27th state of India now known as Uttarakhand.[2]

Events of the movement

There were several violent incidents in the Uttarakhand movement which are:

Khatima firing case

On 1 September 1994, police opened fire on activists that resulted in the death of seven activists. This resulted in anger and mass agitation of people and youth Students. Vijay Joshi S/o BB Joshi from Tanakpur intensified till 1995 and led a mass rally from Kumaon hills, Muzaffarnagar, Kotdwar to Delhi.

Mussoorie firing case

On 2 September 1994, to protest against the police action in the Khatima firing, a march was taken out in Mussoorie. At Jhulaghar, the constabulary opened fire on protestors leading to the death of Belmati Chauhan, Hansa Dhanai, Balbir Singh, Rai Singh Bangari, Madan Mamgain and Dhanpat Singh and Circle Officer Uma Kant Tripathi. Apart from them, some eighteen people were treated for bullet injuries.

Rampur Tiraha (Muzaffarnagar) firing case

Main article: Rampur Tiraha firing case

The activists, part of the agitation for the separate state of Uttarakhand, were going to Delhi to stage a dharna, a sit-in protest at Raj Ghat on Gandhi Jayanti. The following day, when alleged unprovoked police firing during the night of 1 October led to the death of six activists, and some women were allegedly brutally raped and molested in the ensuing melee. Mulayam Singh Yadav was Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh when the incident occurred. Eight policemen, including three Inspectors were proven guilty and prosecuted in the resulting case.[5]

Dehradun firing case

The incident occurred on 3 October 1994 in Muzaffarnagar near Dehradun. The people were expected to be fierce. The situation following the funeral of Martyr Late Ravindra Rawat resulted in fierce battles between the police and protesters in the entire Dehradun. The police who were already prepared to suppress the uprising in any eventuality resorted to firing, which killed three people.

Late Rajesh Rawat's death was alleged to have been a result of firing from the house of then Samajwadi Party leader Suryakant Dhasmana.

Kotdwar case

On 3 October 1994, the whole of Uttarakhand was boiled in protest against the Rampur Tiraha incident and the police administration was ready to suppress it by any means. In this episode, there was also a movement in Kotdwar, in which two agitators were beaten to death by policemen with rifle butt strokes and sticks.[2]

Nainital firing case

The protest was at its peak in Nainital too, but due to its leadership being in the hands of intellectuals, the police could not do anything, but they took out their anger on Pratap Singh, who worked in Hotel Pacific. RAF soldiers pulled him from the hotel and when he ran towards the hotel Meghdoot to escape, he was shot in the neck and killed.

Sriyantra Tapu (Srinagar) case

Activists started fast unto death on 7 November 1994, at Sriyantra Tapu situated near Srinagar, against these repressive actions and for the demand for the formation of a new state Uttarakhand. On 10 November 1994, the police climbed the island and caused havoc. Many people were injured badly. In the series of events, police attacked two young men using the lathi and hit them with the butt strokes of their guns. Police then threw those men into the river Alaknanda and hit them repeatedly with stones, resulting in the death of both activists.

Their bodies were not recovered by police for 15 days. The chairman of the ex-serviceman group (Virendra Prasad Kukshal) heard about the incident he began fast unto death for 7 days, due to this Government agencies started the search and recovered the bodies. On 14 November 1994 the two dead bodies were found floating in the Alaknanda river near Bagwan.

See also

References

  1. ^ Bisht, Brijmohan (26 March 2013). "Uttarakhand History - Milestones that lead the formation of Uttarakhand". www.euttaranchal.com. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Rajiv Srivastava (17 November 2011). "Hill state was carved out after 70 yrs of struggle | Lucknow News". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  3. ^ "Angry Hills: An Uttarakhand state of mind". November 1994.
  4. ^ "Parties mum on raising OBC quota in govt jobs". 28 January 2015.
  5. ^ "Rampur Tiraha firing case". english.samaylive.com. Retrieved 4 January 2021.

External links

  • Uttarakhand movement martyrs and activists
  • Reasons of the formation of Uttarakhand state
  • Collection of the review notes on the establishment of new state Uttarakhand
  • Hill state was carved out after 70 yrs of struggle

February 14, 2023
uttarakhand, movement, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, . This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Uttarakhand movement news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed March 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article may be a rough translation from Hindi It may have been generated in whole or in part by a computer or by a translator without dual proficiency Please help to enhance the translation The original article is under ह न द in the languages menu in the upper right corner If you have just labeled this article as needing attention please add a href Template Needtrans html title Template Needtrans subst Needtrans a pg Uttarakhand movement language Hindi comments to the bottom of the WP PNTCU section on Wikipedia Pages needing translation into English March 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Uttarakhand movement refers to the events of statehood activism within the undivided state of Uttar Pradesh which ultimately resulted in the formation of Uttarakhand India as a separate state 1 Uttarakhand became a state on 9 November 2000 The formation of Uttarakhand was achieved after a long struggle and many sacrifices The demand to make Uttarakhand a state was first raised at a special session of the Indian National Congress held in Srinagar on 5 6 May 1938 The demand gradually strengthened following a series of events In 1994 the demand for a separate state eventually took the form of mass movement that resulted in the formation of India s 27th state by 2000 Contents 1 History 2 Events of the movement 2 1 Khatima firing case 2 2 Mussoorie firing case 2 3 Rampur Tiraha Muzaffarnagar firing case 2 4 Dehradun firing case 2 5 Kotdwar case 2 6 Nainital firing case 2 7 Sriyantra Tapu Srinagar case 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory EditThe important dates and events that played a key role in the struggle for the formation of the Uttarakhand state are As a unit of Indian independence movement in 1913 the national general convention of the Indian National Congress was held in Uttarakhand Most representatives from Uttarakhand participated in the session The same year in Uttarakhand Tamta Sudharini Sabha held the convention for the upliftment of backwards and oppressed people of the area as the Shilpkar Mahasabha In September 1916 the Kumaon Parishad was founded by some young enthusiasts mainly Pt Hargovind Vallabh Pant Govind Ballabh Pant Badri Datt Pandey Indralal Shah Mohan Singh Damarwal Chandra Lal Shah Prem Ballabh Pandey Bhola Datt Pandey and Lakshmi Datt Shastri with the main objective to solve social and economic problems of the hill region By 1916 in addition to the local general reforms certain political objectives were added to the organization s goals In the Provincial elections of 1923 and 1926 the candidates of Kumaon Parishad Hargovind Vallabh Pant Govind Vallabh Pant Mukundi Lal and Badri Datt Pandey badly defeated their counterparties In 1926 Kumaon Parishad was merged in the Indian National Congress In May 1938 according to official sources in the British Raj in the national general convention of Indian National Congress held at Srinagar Garhwal Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru favoured the cause of the movement of the residents of hill region to have their own decisions according to their circumstances and supported the movement to enrich their culture In 1940 at Haldwani conference Badri Datt Pandey voiced for the special status of the mountainous region Anusuya Prasad Bahuguna proposed the formation of Kumaon Garhwal as the separate units In 1954 the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council member Indra Singh Nayal demanded the separate development plan for the highlands to then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Govind Ballabh Pant In 1955 the Justice Fazal Ali commission recommended the Government of India formation of hill region as a separate state In the year 1957 deputy chairman of the Planning Commission T T Krishnamachari suggested special attention be given to the issues of the hill region On 12 May 1970 then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi addressed the issues of hill region and admitted that the diagnosis of the problems of hill region is the responsibility of both State and Central Governments On 24 July 1979 the Uttarakhand Kranti Dal was founded in Mussoorie with the objective of the formation of a separate hill state In June 1987 at the party convention of UKD in Karnaprayag party leaders called for the constitution of conflict and isolation In November 1987 UKD passed the party resolution for the formation of the new state in the memorandum and the party president also sought to include Haridwar in the proposed state Throughout the year 1994 students all over the region participated in the collective movement for separate statehood and reservations Uttarakhand movement than further intensified in the field by Anti Uttarakhand statement of then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Mulayam Singh Yadav The leaders of UKD held fast unto death in the support of their demand for a separate state State government employees struck work for three months and the events of the Uttarakhand movement got more intensified with the blockades and confrontation with the police Uttarakhand activists in Mussoorie and Khatima were shot down by the police Under the aegis of the Samyukta Morcha on 2 October 1994 the massive demonstrations and protests for the support of statehood took place in the national capital Delhi Thousands of Uttarakhand activists marched to Delhi to participate in this struggle The activists peacefully taking part in the demonstration near Rampur Tiraha crossing Muzaffarnagar were tortured and openly fired without any warning prior to the firing 2 Policemen were also alleged for indecent behavior and rapes with women activists Satya Pokhriyal was leader who leads all the people from the mishappening other andolankari help other people and shows the bravery Several people were killed and many were injured This misadventure by the police added fuel to the fire for the Uttarakhand movement The next day 3 October the protests were called off for the demolition of firing and several deaths all over the region In March 1994 the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mulayam Singh Yadav deeded to implement the Mandal Commission recommendation of reserving 27 per cent jobs in government and places in schools and colleges for socially and economically backward castes and classes The Hills had a negligible OBC population of 2 5 Reserving the seat for OBC meant all Govt seats going to the plains of Uttar Pradesh It resulted in the intensification of the statehood protests 3 4 7 October 1994 a female activist died after the brutal attack by police in Dehradun while she was protesting against Rampur Tiraha Firings and the activists in return stormed the police station 15 October curfew took in Dehradun and one activist was killed on the same day 27 October 1994 then Home Minister of India Rajesh Pilot held the talks with the statehood activists Meanwhile at Sriyantra Tapu Srinagar several activists were killed in a brutal attack by the police 15 August 1996 then Prime Minister H D Deve Gowda announced the formation of new state Uttaranchal from the Red Fort Delhi in 1998 the BJP led coalition government in the center sent the Uttaranchal Bill to the Government of Uttar Pradesh through the President of India With 26 amendments the Uttaranchal Bill was passed by the Uttar Pradesh Assembly and sent back to the Central Government The Central Government on 27 July 2000 presented the Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Bill 2000 in the Parliament of India It was passed by Lok Sabha on 1 August 2000 and the Rajya Sabha passed the bill on 10 August 2000 Then President of India K R Narayanan approved the Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Bill on 28 August 2000 and then it turned into Act and on 9 November 2000 the new state Uttaranchal came into existence as the 27th state of India now known as Uttarakhand 2 Events of the movement EditThere were several violent incidents in the Uttarakhand movement which are Khatima firing case Edit On 1 September 1994 police opened fire on activists that resulted in the death of seven activists This resulted in anger and mass agitation of people and youth Students Vijay Joshi S o BB Joshi from Tanakpur intensified till 1995 and led a mass rally from Kumaon hills Muzaffarnagar Kotdwar to Delhi Mussoorie firing case Edit On 2 September 1994 to protest against the police action in the Khatima firing a march was taken out in Mussoorie At Jhulaghar the constabulary opened fire on protestors leading to the death of Belmati Chauhan Hansa Dhanai Balbir Singh Rai Singh Bangari Madan Mamgain and Dhanpat Singh and Circle Officer Uma Kant Tripathi Apart from them some eighteen people were treated for bullet injuries Rampur Tiraha Muzaffarnagar firing case Edit Main article Rampur Tiraha firing case The activists part of the agitation for the separate state of Uttarakhand were going to Delhi to stage a dharna a sit in protest at Raj Ghat on Gandhi Jayanti The following day when alleged unprovoked police firing during the night of 1 October led to the death of six activists and some women were allegedly brutally raped and molested in the ensuing melee Mulayam Singh Yadav was Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh when the incident occurred Eight policemen including three Inspectors were proven guilty and prosecuted in the resulting case 5 Dehradun firing case Edit The incident occurred on 3 October 1994 in Muzaffarnagar near Dehradun The people were expected to be fierce The situation following the funeral of Martyr Late Ravindra Rawat resulted in fierce battles between the police and protesters in the entire Dehradun The police who were already prepared to suppress the uprising in any eventuality resorted to firing which killed three people Late Rajesh Rawat s death was alleged to have been a result of firing from the house of then Samajwadi Party leader Suryakant Dhasmana Kotdwar case Edit On 3 October 1994 the whole of Uttarakhand was boiled in protest against the Rampur Tiraha incident and the police administration was ready to suppress it by any means In this episode there was also a movement in Kotdwar in which two agitators were beaten to death by policemen with rifle butt strokes and sticks 2 Nainital firing case Edit The protest was at its peak in Nainital too but due to its leadership being in the hands of intellectuals the police could not do anything but they took out their anger on Pratap Singh who worked in Hotel Pacific RAF soldiers pulled him from the hotel and when he ran towards the hotel Meghdoot to escape he was shot in the neck and killed Sriyantra Tapu Srinagar case Edit Activists started fast unto death on 7 November 1994 at Sriyantra Tapu situated near Srinagar against these repressive actions and for the demand for the formation of a new state Uttarakhand On 10 November 1994 the police climbed the island and caused havoc Many people were injured badly In the series of events police attacked two young men using the lathi and hit them with the butt strokes of their guns Police then threw those men into the river Alaknanda and hit them repeatedly with stones resulting in the death of both activists Their bodies were not recovered by police for 15 days The chairman of the ex serviceman group Virendra Prasad Kukshal heard about the incident he began fast unto death for 7 days due to this Government agencies started the search and recovered the bodies On 14 November 1994 the two dead bodies were found floating in the Alaknanda river near Bagwan See also EditHistory of UttarakhandReferences Edit Bisht Brijmohan 26 March 2013 Uttarakhand History Milestones that lead the formation of Uttarakhand www euttaranchal com Retrieved 1 August 2022 a b c Rajiv Srivastava 17 November 2011 Hill state was carved out after 70 yrs of struggle Lucknow News The Times of India Retrieved 4 January 2021 Angry Hills An Uttarakhand state of mind November 1994 Parties mum on raising OBC quota in govt jobs 28 January 2015 Rampur Tiraha firing case english samaylive com Retrieved 4 January 2021 External links EditUttarakhand movement martyrs and activists Reasons of the formation of Uttarakhand state Collection of the review notes on the establishment of new state Uttarakhand Hill state was carved out after 70 yrs of struggle Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Uttarakhand movement amp oldid 1133586514, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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