Utba ibn Ghazwan al-Mazini (Arabic: عُتبة بن غَزْوان المازني, romanized: ʿUtba ibn Ghazwān al-Māzinī) (c. 581–638) was a well-known companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the seventh person to convert to Islam and participated in the hijra to Abyssinia, but returned to stay with Muhammad in Mecca before making the second hijrah to Medina. He fought at the battle of Badr (624), the battle of Uhud (625), the Battle of the Trench (627) and many others, including the battles of Yamamah.
During the caliphate of Umar (r. 634–644), Utba commanded a force of 2,000 men in a campaign against Ubullah which lasted from June through September 635. Once Uballah was occupied, Utba sent a force across the Tigris River which occupied the district of Furat, followed by Meisan and Abarqubaz. He was soon appointed governor of Basra (Iraq) by the caliph. In 639 Utba left for the Hijaz to perform hajj and to request Umar to relieve him of his office as governor. Umar refused, but while returning to Basra, Utba fell from his camel and died. He was succeeded by al-Mughīrah ibn Shuʿbah as governor.
Utba born c. 581, the son of Ghazwan ibn al-Harith ibn Jabir.[1] He belonged to the Banu Mazin, a minor clan from the Mansur ibn Ikrima branch of the Qays tribe in the Hejaz (western Arabia).[1][2] Utba was a confederate of the Banu Nawfal clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca.[2] He became an early convert to Islam and companion of Muhammad.[2] He was known to be the seventh person to embrace Islam and he participated in the two Muslim emigrations from Mecca to Abyssinia, as well as playing combat roles in the Battle of Badr and several of the raids led or ordered by Muhammad.[1] Utba was married to a daughter of al-Harith ibn Kalada of the Banu Thaqif; according to al-Baladhuri her name was Azda,[3] while according to al-Mada'ini her name was Safiyya.[4]
Conquest of Iraqedit
During the caliphate of Abu Bakr (r. 632–634), the Muslims led by Khalid ibn al-Walid may have launched their first campaigns against the Sasanian Persians in lower Mesopotamia (Iraq), but these their gains were short-lived or limited. Abu Bakr's successor Umar (r. 634–644) dispatched Utba to this front from the capital at Medina, which marked the commencement of the definitive conquest of Iraq.[2] His force was relatively small, ranging from 300 to 2,000 men, according to the medieval Arabic sources.[2] Its ranks were dominated by members of the Banu Thaqif, with whom Utba had marital links,[5] and partly consisted of nomadic Arab tribesmen who joined Utba's army while it was on the move.[2]
Utba launched an assault against the town of Ubulla and its 500-strong garrison of Persian cavalry.[2] He set up camp at a nearby village called Khurayba, then bested Ubulla's defenders and occupied and plundered the town. He installed one of his lieutenants, his brother-in-law Nafi ibn al-Harith ibn Kalada, to guard the town, which he used as a base of operations against other Sasanian positions in the area.[2] He and/or his lieutenant commanders al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba and Mujashi ibn Mas'ud al-Sulami thereafter captured the towns of al-Furat and Maysan and the districts of Abazqubadh and Dast Maysan, all located along the lower Tigris river banks.[6]
Friedmann, Yohanan, ed. (1992). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XII: The Battle of al-Qādisīyyah and the Conquest of Syria and Palestine. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN978-0-7914-0733-2.
January 01, 1970
utba, ghazwan, mazini, arabic, تبة, بن, وان, المازني, romanized, ʿutba, ghazwān, māzinī, well, known, companion, islamic, prophet, muhammad, seventh, person, convert, islam, participated, hijra, abyssinia, returned, stay, with, muhammad, mecca, before, making,. Utba ibn Ghazwan al Mazini Arabic ع تبة بن غ ز وان المازني romanized ʿUtba ibn Ghazwan al Mazini c 581 638 was a well known companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad He was the seventh person to convert to Islam and participated in the hijra to Abyssinia but returned to stay with Muhammad in Mecca before making the second hijrah to Medina He fought at the battle of Badr 624 the battle of Uhud 625 the Battle of the Trench 627 and many others including the battles of Yamamah A statue in Basra of Utba the city s founder During the caliphate of Umar r 634 644 Utba commanded a force of 2 000 men in a campaign against Ubullah which lasted from June through September 635 Once Uballah was occupied Utba sent a force across the Tigris River which occupied the district of Furat followed by Meisan and Abarqubaz He was soon appointed governor of Basra Iraq by the caliph In 639 Utba left for the Hijaz to perform hajj and to request Umar to relieve him of his office as governor Umar refused but while returning to Basra Utba fell from his camel and died He was succeeded by al Mughirah ibn Shuʿbah as governor Contents 1 Origins and companion of Muhammad 2 Conquest of Iraq 3 References 4 BibliographyOrigins and companion of Muhammad editUtba born c 581 the son of Ghazwan ibn al Harith ibn Jabir 1 He belonged to the Banu Mazin a minor clan from the Mansur ibn Ikrima branch of the Qays tribe in the Hejaz western Arabia 1 2 Utba was a confederate of the Banu Nawfal clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca 2 He became an early convert to Islam and companion of Muhammad 2 He was known to be the seventh person to embrace Islam and he participated in the two Muslim emigrations from Mecca to Abyssinia as well as playing combat roles in the Battle of Badr and several of the raids led or ordered by Muhammad 1 Utba was married to a daughter of al Harith ibn Kalada of the Banu Thaqif according to al Baladhuri her name was Azda 3 while according to al Mada ini her name was Safiyya 4 Conquest of Iraq editDuring the caliphate of Abu Bakr r 632 634 the Muslims led by Khalid ibn al Walid may have launched their first campaigns against the Sasanian Persians in lower Mesopotamia Iraq but these their gains were short lived or limited Abu Bakr s successor Umar r 634 644 dispatched Utba to this front from the capital at Medina which marked the commencement of the definitive conquest of Iraq 2 His force was relatively small ranging from 300 to 2 000 men according to the medieval Arabic sources 2 Its ranks were dominated by members of the Banu Thaqif with whom Utba had marital links 5 and partly consisted of nomadic Arab tribesmen who joined Utba s army while it was on the move 2 Utba launched an assault against the town of Ubulla and its 500 strong garrison of Persian cavalry 2 He set up camp at a nearby village called Khurayba then bested Ubulla s defenders and occupied and plundered the town He installed one of his lieutenants his brother in law Nafi ibn al Harith ibn Kalada to guard the town which he used as a base of operations against other Sasanian positions in the area 2 He and or his lieutenant commanders al Mughira ibn Shu ba and Mujashi ibn Mas ud al Sulami thereafter captured the towns of al Furat and Maysan and the districts of Abazqubadh and Dast Maysan all located along the lower Tigris river banks 6 References edit a b c Bosworth 2000 p 944 a b c d e f g h Donner 1981 p 213 Donner 1981 p 415 Friedmann 1992 p 171 Donner 1981 p 214 Donner 1981 pp 213 214 Bibliography editBosworth C E 2000 ʿUtba b Ghazwan In Bearman P J Bianquis Th Bosworth C E van Donzel E amp Heinrichs W P eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume X T U Leiden E J Brill p 944 ISBN 978 90 04 11211 7 Donner Fred M 1981 The Early Islamic Conquests Princeton Princeton University Press ISBN 0 691 05327 8 Friedmann Yohanan ed 1992 The History of al Ṭabari Volume XII The Battle of al Qadisiyyah and the Conquest of Syria and Palestine SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies Albany New York State University of New York Press ISBN 978 0 7914 0733 2 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Utba ibn Ghazwan amp oldid 1217904638, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
