In Ottoman classical music, usul is an underlying rhythmic cycle that complements the melodic rhythm and sometimes helps shape the overall structure of a composition. An usul can be as short as two beats or as long as 128 beats. Usul is often translated as "meter", but usul and meter are not exactly the same. Both are repeating rhythmic patterns with more or less complex inner structures of beats of differing duration and weight. But a student learning Turkish music in the traditional meşk system first memorizes the usul kinetically by striking the knees with the hands. The student then sings the vocal or instrumental composition while performing the underlying usul. This pedagogical system helps the student memorize the composition while internalizing the underlying rhythmic structure.
Usul patterns have standard pronounceable vocables built from combinations of the syllables düm, dü-üm, tek, tekkyaa, teke, te-ek, where düm, dü-üm indicate a strong low beat of single or double duration, and tek, tekkya, teke, te-ek indicate various combinations of light beats of half, single or double duration. Long usuls (e.g., 28/4, 32/4, 120/4) are compound metric structures that underlie longer sections of entire compositions.
In Ottoman times, the usul was realized by drummers. Drums are generally omitted in modern performances except for Mevlevi. When performing music for the Mevlevi ceremony, drummers traditionally play embellished (velveleli) versions of the usuls.
Instrumental improvisations (taksim) and vocal improvisations (gazel, mersiye, etc.) are generally performed in "free" rhythm, with no usul.
The melodic counterpart to usul rhythmic mode is makam melodic mode. The parallel system to usul in Indian music is tala.
rhythm, turkish, music, other, uses, usul, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, new. For other uses see Usul disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Rhythm in Turkish music news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2011 Learn how and when to remove this template message In Ottoman classical music usul is an underlying rhythmic cycle that complements the melodic rhythm and sometimes helps shape the overall structure of a composition An usul can be as short as two beats or as long as 128 beats Usul is often translated as meter but usul and meter are not exactly the same Both are repeating rhythmic patterns with more or less complex inner structures of beats of differing duration and weight But a student learning Turkish music in the traditional mesk system first memorizes the usul kinetically by striking the knees with the hands The student then sings the vocal or instrumental composition while performing the underlying usul This pedagogical system helps the student memorize the composition while internalizing the underlying rhythmic structure Usul patterns have standard pronounceable vocables built from combinations of the syllables dum du um tek tekkyaa teke te ek where dum du um indicate a strong low beat of single or double duration and tek tekkya teke te ek indicate various combinations of light beats of half single or double duration Long usuls e g 28 4 32 4 120 4 are compound metric structures that underlie longer sections of entire compositions In Ottoman times the usul was realized by drummers Drums are generally omitted in modern performances except for Mevlevi When performing music for the Mevlevi ceremony drummers traditionally play embellished velveleli versions of the usuls Instrumental improvisations taksim and vocal improvisations gazel mersiye etc are generally performed in free rhythm with no usul The melodic counterpart to usul rhythmic mode is makam melodic mode The parallel system to usul in Indian music is tala Contents 1 Usul 1 1 Usuls based on number of beats per bar 1 2 Additional usuls 2 See also 3 External linksUsul EditUsuls based on number of beats per bar Edit 2 Nimsofyan 3 Semai 4 Sofyan 5 Zafer Turk Aksagi Sureyya 6 Yuruksemai Sengin Semai Agir Semai 7 Devr i Hindi Devr i Turan Mandra Devr i Aryan 8 Duyek Agirduyek Katakofti Musemmen 9 Aksak Agir Aksak Oynak Evfer Agir Evfer Bulgar Darbi Darbibulgar Ciftesofyan Raksaksagi 10 Aksaksemai Agir Aksaksemai 12 Frenkcin 13 Nimevsat 14 Devrirevan 16 Nimhafif 32 Hafif Muhammes 88 DarbifetihAdditional usuls Edit Gulsen Arabesk Alaturka Ozgun Semah Vahde Sebare Sufi Azeri Baqu havalari Seyhin Samil Qasgay Artik Aksaksemai Turk Aksaksemaisi Arab Aksaksemaisi Aksak Sofyan Kadim Evfer Romanli8 9 Rumeli8 9 Nimevfer Ciftetelli Misket Ankara havalari Kasik Halay Agri Deliloy Durakevferi Firengi Fer Fer Turk Darbi 1 Sekil Turk Darbi 2 Sekil Turk Darbi 3 Sekil Turk sanat muzigi 2 4 Turk sanat muzigi 4 4 Turk sanat muzigi 4 6 Turk sanat muzigi 6 8 Turk Halk muzigi 4 4 Turk Halk muzigi 5 8 Turk Halk muzigi 8 9 Turk Halk muzigi 9 10 Uzun havalari Oyun havalari Dugun havalari Hunerdarb Tekvurus Karadeniz Ormanci Trabzon Horon Laz Raksan Arap Oryantal Turk Oryantal Aksak Semai Evferi Hefta Nimdevir Mevlevi Devrirevani Dolap Devriturki Darbiarabi Nazli Devrihindi Devrikebir Evsat Dilruba Yoruk Ali Fahte Lenkfahte Nimfahte Sirin Hezec Harzem Cenber Agir Cenber Nimberefsan Berefsan Nimsakil Sakil Remel Havi Zencir Zeybek Darbeyn Karsilama Harmandali Bektasiraksi DarbikurdiSee also EditRhythm in Arabian music Rhythm in Persian musicExternal links Edit 1 Rhythmic layers in Turkish art music Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Rhythm in Turkish music amp oldid 1058208076, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
