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Ultramarathon

March 29, 2024

An ultramarathon, also called ultra distance or ultra running, is a footrace longer than the traditional marathon length of 42.195 kilometres (26 mi 385 yd). Various distances, surfaces, and formats are raced competitively, from the shortest common ultramarathon of 31 miles (50 km) and up to 3100 miles.[1] World Championships are held by the International Association of Ultrarunners (IAU) for 50 km, 100 km, 24 hours, and ultra trail running. The Global Organization of Multi-Day Ultramarathoners (GOMU) holds World Championships for 48 hours and 6 days.[2] World Records are ratified and recognized by World Athletics (50 km and 100 km), the IAU (50 km up to 6 days), and by GOMU (48 hours up to 5000 km).[3][4][5]

Ultramarathon
Ultramarathoners compete at the Sahara Race 2011 (4 Deserts).
Highest governing bodyWorld Athletics, International Association of Ultrarunners, and the Global Organization of Multi-Day Ultramarathoners
Presence
World Championships1987–present

Around 100 miles (160 km) is typically the longest course distance raced in under 24 hours, but there are also longer multiday races commonly held as 48 hours, 200 miles (320 km), or more, sometimes raced in stages with breaks for sleep.

The oldest and largest ultramarathons are on road, including the Comrades Marathon (over 10,000 finishers annually) and Two Oceans Marathon (over 6,000 finishers annually).[6] The world's longest certified Footrace is the Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race. Many ultras have historical significance, including the Spartathlon, based on the 246 km run of Greek messenger Pheidippides from Athens to Sparta during the Battle of Marathon in a day and a half to seek aid against the Persians.[7][8][9]

Runners waiting for the start of the 2023 Comrades Marathon

There is also overlap with the sports of trail running and mountain running. Some 100 miles (160 km) races are among the oldest and most prestigious events, especially in North America.[10] The oldest and also the largest trail race is the SainteLyon 78km in France (over 5,000 finishers annually).[11]

Overview edit

There are two main types of ultramarathon events: those that cover a specified distance or route, and those that last for a predetermined period (with the winner covering the most distance in that time). The most common distances are 50 kilometres (31.07 mi), 50 miles (80.47 km), 100 kilometres (62.14 mi), 100 miles (160.93 km), and continue up to the longest certified race distance of 3100 miles.[1] Timed events range from 6, 12, and 24 hours to 3, 6, and 10 days (known as Multiday races). Timed events are generally run on a track or a short road course, often one mile (1.6 km) or less.[12]

The format of ultramarathons and the courses vary, ranging from single loops (some as short as a 400-metre (1,300 ft) track),[13] to point-to-point road or trail races, to cross-country rogaines. Many ultramarathons have significant obstacles, such as inclement weather, elevation change, or rugged terrain. Usually, there are aid stations, whether every lap of a track, small road or trail loop courses, or extending up to perhaps 20 to 35 kilometres (12 to 22 mi), where runners can replenish food and drink supplies or take a short break.

There are some self-supported ultramarathon stage races in which each competitor has to carry all their supplies including food to survive the length of the race, typically a week long. The Marathon des Sables 6-day stage race in Morocco and the Grand to Grand Ultra in the US are examples.[14][15]

The International Association of Ultrarunners (IAU) organises the World Championships for various ultramarathon distances, including 50 kilometres (31 mi), 100 kilometres (62 mi), 24 hours, and ultra trail running, which are also recognized by World Athletics. Many countries around the world have their own ultrarunning organizations, often the national athletics federation of the country, or are sanctioned by such national athletics organizations.

50-kilometer and 100-kilometer races are recognized as World Records by World Athletics, the world governing body of track and field.[16] The International Association of Ultrarunners recognizes IAU World Records for 50-kilometers, 100-kilometers, 6 hours, 12 hours, 100 miles, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 6 days.[17] The Global Organization of Multi-Day Ultramarathoners (GOMU) recognizes Multiday race World Records for standard and non-standard distances and times between 48 hours and 5000 km.[18]

There are ultramarathon Racewalking events that are usually 50 km, although 100 km and 100-mile (160 km) "Centurion" races are also organized. Furthermore, the non-competitive International Marching League event Nijmegen Four Days March has a regulation distance of 4 × 50 km over four days for those aged 19 to 49.[19]

In 2021, concerns were raised about planning and medical care available for ultramarathons in China, after dozens of racers died from hypothermia and at least one from a heart attack while competing in an ultramarathon in the Yellow River Stone Forest. The government later announced a ban on "extreme" competitions.[20]

In August 2023, a partnership between Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc (UTMB) and Ironman Triathlon was announced and the new formation of the UTMB World Series, an ultra-distance circuit that culminates with UTMB held in August. Concerns have been raised about rising entry fees, homogenization of racing experiences, and bulldozing of smaller events.[21][22]

IAU World Record performances edit

Until 2014, the IAU maintained lists of the world best performances on different surfaces (road, track, and indoor). Starting in 2015, the distinction between the surfaces was removed and the records were combined into a single category.[23] Some governing bodies continue to keep separate ultramarathon track and road records for their jurisdictions.[24]

Starting in January 2022, the IAU began to recognize and ratify performances as IAU World Records. World Athletics also began to ratify the 50k distance as a World Record for both mixed and women, respectively, along with 100k.[25]

Record performances that have not yet been ratified are as follows:

  • At the Jackpot 100 US Championship in February 2022, Camille Herron set a 100-mile mark of 12:41:11.[26][27] However, there were problems with the course arrangement and distance.[28]
  • Miho Nakata ran 270.363 km in 24 hours in December 2023.[29]
  • Camille Herron ran over 901 km in an invitational 6 day event organised by Lululemon between 6th and 12th of March 2024 which is 17 km more than the ratified women's world record. The performance also included a series of other records not recognised by the IAU, including 500 km, 600 km, 700 km, 800 km, 900 km, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 300 miles, 400 miles and 500 miles.[30][31]

The IAU World Records as of January 2024 are as follows.[32]

Men edit

Event Record Athlete Date Place
50 km 2:38:43   CJ Albertson (USA) 8 October 2022   San Francisco, US
50 miles 4:48:21   Charles R. Lawrence (USA) 11 November 2023   Vienna, US
100 km 6:05:35   Aleksandr Sorokin (LTU) 14 May 2023   Vilnius, Lithuania
100 miles 10:51:39   Aleksandr Sorokin (LTU) 7 January 2022   Tel Aviv, Israel
6 hours 98.496 km   Aleksandr Sorokin (LTU) 23 April 2022   Bedford, UK
12 hours 177.410 km   Aleksandr Sorokin (LTU) 7 January 2022   Tel Aviv, Israel
24 hours 319.614 km   Aleksandr Sorokin (LTU) 17 September 2022   Verona, Italy
48 hours 473.495 km   Yiannis Kouros (GRE) 3–5 May 1996   Surgères, France
6 days 1036.800 km   Yiannis Kouros (AUS)[a] 20–26 November 2005   Colac, Australia
  1. ^ Kouros had Australian citizenship for part of his running career. Nationalities here are as given in the IAU records table.

Women edit

Event Record Athlete Date Place
50 km 2:59:54   Desiree Linden (USA) 13 April 2021   Dorena, Oregon, United States
50 miles 5:40:18   Ann Trason (USA) 23 February 1991   Houston, US
100 km 6:33:11   Tomoe Abe (JPN) 25 June 2000   Yubetsu-Saroma-Tokoro, Japan
100 miles 12:42:40   Camille Herron (USA) 11 November 2017   Vienna, IL, US
6 hours 85.492 km   Nele Alder-Baerens (GER) 11 March 2017   Münster, Germany
12 hours 153.600 km   Satu Lipiäinen (FIN) 20 May 2023   Kokkola, Finland
24 hours 270.116 km   Camille Herron (USA) 26–27 October 2019   Albi, France
48 hours 435.336 km   Camille Herron (USA) 24-26 March 2023   Hackett, Australia
6 days 883.631 km   Sandra Barwick (NZL) 18–24 November 1990   Campbelltown, Australia

Until 2021, the IAU also kept records for 1000 km and 1000 miles. The final records were:[33]

Men edit

Event Record Athlete Date Place
1000 km 5d 16:17:00   Yiannis Kouros (GRE) 26 November–2 December 1984   Colac, Australia
1000 miles 10d 10:30:36   Yiannis Kouros (GRE) 20–30 May 1988   New York City, US

Women edit

Event Record Athlete Date Place
1000 km 7d 16:08:37   Paula Mairer (AUT) 29 September-6 October 2002   New York City, US
1000 miles 12d 14:38:40   Sandra Barwick (NZL) 16–28 October 1991   New York City, US

Global Organization of Multi-Day Ultramarathoner World Record performances edit

The Global Organization of Multi-Day Ultramarathoners (GOMU) was founded in October 2021 to recognize Multiday race World Records that are not recognized by the International Association of Ultrarunners.

GOMU recognizes the IAU-ratified World Records for 48 hours and 6 days. They recognized standard times/distances for 48 hours, 72 hours, 6 days, 10 days, 500 miles, 1000 miles, 2000 miles, 3000 miles, 3100 miles, 500 km, 1000 km, 2000 km, 3000 km, 4000 km, and 5000 km. They also recognize records for a number of non-standard formats (4 days to 49 days, 200 miles to 2900 miles, and 300 km to 4900 km).[5]

IAU World Championships edit

There are four IAU World Championships: the IAU 100 km World Championships, IAU 50 km World Championships, IAU 24 Hour World Championship, and the IAU Trail World Championships.[34]

GOMU World Championships edit

GOMU World Championships are held for 48 hours and 6 days to encourage multi-day athletes from around the world to come together, compete on a level playing field, and aspire for world, national, age-group, and personal records.[18]

Record holders edit

The following is a selected list of world or international-record-holding, or world-championship-winning, ultramarathon runners.

Ultramarathons by regions edit

Ultra Marathons are run around the world with more than 600,000 people completing them every year.[112]

Africa edit

Several ultra-distance events are held in Africa.

  • Egypt has joined the Ultramarathon races with more adding up each year.
    • Hathor 100 km is a Trail ultramarathon race in Sinaï. With distances of 50 km, 100 km, and 130 km.[113]
    • Qarun 66 km Trail Ultramarathon race. Dated on March of each year in the city of Faiyum with distances 44 km and 66 km.[114]
  • South Africa hosts a number of notable ultra marathon events.
    • On road: the world's oldest and largest ultramarathon, the 87 kilometres (54 mi) Comrades Marathon. Approximately 12,000 runners complete the Comrades each year, out of approximately 17,000 who start, with 23,961 competing in 2000.[115]
    • The 56-kilometre (35 mi) Two Oceans Marathon in Cape Town in the southern autumn attracts approximately 11,000 runners.
    • Off-road: The Salomon Sky Run is a grueling 100 kilometres (62 mi) self-supported, unmarked trail race held in a particularly scenic part of the country.
    • The Namib Race is a six-stage race that takes place along the Skeleton Coast in Namibia. It is part of the 4 Deserts Ultramarathon Series.
    • The Washie 100 road race is the oldest one hundred miler road race in Africa.
    • Trail: The Peninsula Ultra Fun Run (PUFfeR) 80 kilometres (50 mi) supported, unmarked trail run crossing the Table Mountain range in Cape Town South Africa.
  • The Grand Raid de la Réunion is held annually on Réunion in October, crossing the island over 163 kilometres (101 mi) with an altitude gain of 9,643 metres (31,637 ft). This race attracts 2,350 competitors, with 1,000 runners from overseas.
  • The Marathon des Sables is a 6-day stage race which covers 250 kilometres (160 mi) through the Sahara desert in Morocco.
  • The Spanish Canary Islands off the African coast are the location of some prestigious ultramarathons, including the 46-mile Transvulcania.[116]

Asia edit

Ultrarunning has become popular in Asia, and countries such as Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea have hosted IAU World Championships.

  • A night race called the Sundown Marathon has been held in Singapore annually since 2008, over a double marathon distance (84 km) up to 2010 and 100 km since then.[117]
  • Clark Freeport Zone in the Philippines is the venue for two of the Philippines' premier ultramarathon events. The Clark Miyamit Ultra, known as CM50 a 60K and 50Mile Trail Ultramarathon that takes runners to traverse from Clark to the Aeta Villages, lahar bed, mountain ranges near Mt. Pinatubo and the iconic Miyamit Falls. Cardimax – Clark Ultramarathon is a road ultramarathon of 50K and 100K distances which brings and gathers ultramarathoners from aspiring ones to the most competitive elites.
  • In Israel, two major ultramarathon races are Mount to Valley relay race; over 215 km, from the hills of the Upper Galilee to the Jezreel Valley, and the Valley Circle race in the Jezreel valley; contains several distances, including 160 km and 200 km.
  • In the Cebu, Philippines, an All-Women Ultra Marathon race covering a distance of 50 kilometers is held annually on the weekend of International Women's Day since 2012.[118][non-primary source needed]
  • India's first ultra-marathon, the Bangalore Ultra was held in 2007.[119][120] Since 2010, Indian Himalayas have hosted La Ultra – The High, a 333 km course crossing Khardung La, touted to be the world's highest motorable mountain pass.[121]
  • Indonesia's first ultramarathon race, Mount Rinjani Ultra (52K), was held in August 2013 and Indonesia's first 100K & 160K ultramarathon race, Bromo Tengger Semeru 100 Ultra, was held in November 2013. Tambora Challenge (320 km) held from 2015
  • Japan had its first 100 km event in 1987 as Lake Saroma Ultramarathon and hosted the IAU 100 km World Championship in 1994 (Lake Saroma), 1998 (River Shimanto) and 2005 (Lake Saroma).[122] Japan hosts more than 50 ultramarathon events throughout the year,[123] including the Trans Japan Alps Race (TJAR)[124] (415 kilometres (258 mi) with more than 26,000 metres (16 mi) cumulative altitude gain crossing Japan Alps, crossing Japan's mainland from Japan Sea to Pacific Ocean in 7 days),[125][126] Hasetsune cup (71.5 kilometres (44.4 mi) in steep foggy mountains)[127] and the Ultra-Trail Mt. Fuji (161 kilometres (100 mi) loop around World Heritage Mount Fuji with a cumulative altitude gain of about 9,000 metres (5.6 mi)).[128][129]
  • Malaysia's first ultra trail marathon was founded in November 2011 and is known as the TMBT (The Most Beautiful Thing) in Sabah at Mount Kinabalu, South East Asia's highest mountain. The event has a 55% dropout rate and is a 3-point qualifying race for UTMB and a 2-point qualifying race for the 55-kilometer category of the event. This was followed by the Beaufort Ultra Marathon in Sabah organized in 2012 and a 60-kilometer endurance run under 35-39-degree Celsius heat with a 60% finish rate amongst runners.[130] First 100 miles ultra-marathon road race, Putrajaya 100 Miles, was held on 22–23 November 2014.
  • Nepal hosts several ultramarathon races,[131] including the Annapurna 100, the Kanchenjunga Ultra Marathon Trail Running Race[132] and the Everest Ultra.[133] Running a total of 1,504 km in a bit more than 24 days, Ryan Sandes and Ryno Griesel set a new FKT during March 2018 for the Great Himalaya Trail.
  • Northern Mongolia hosts an annual 100 km summer race, Mongolia Sunrise to Sunset.[134]
  • Soochow International 24H Ultra-Marathon is held since 1999 in Taipei, and is an official IAU-registered event.
  • South Korea's first ultramarathon was held in 2000.
  • The Gobi March in northwest China was China's first ultramarathon, first staged in 2003. The Gobi March is part of the 4 Deserts Race Series.[135]

Oceania, Australia, and New Zealand edit

Australia and New Zealand are hosts to some 100 organized ultramarathons each year. Additionally, a handful of runners have run the entire length of New Zealand, a distance of around 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi).[136]

Australia

In Australia, the Westfield Ultra Marathon was an annual race between Sydney and Melbourne contested between 1983 and 1991. Greek runner Yiannis Kouros won the event five times during that period. Australia is also the home of one of the oldest six-day races in the world, the Cliff Young Australian 6-day race, held in Colac, Victoria. The race is held on a 400-meter circuit at the Memorial Square in the centre of Colac and has seen many close races since its inception in 1984. The 20th Cliff Young Australian six-day race was held between 20 and 26 November 2005. During that event, Kouros beat his existing world record six-day track mark and set a new mark of 1,036.851 kilometres (644.269 mi). The Coast to Kosciuszko inaugurated in 2004, is a 246-kilometre (153 mi) marathon from the coast to the top of Mount Kosciuszko, Australia's highest mountain.

Australia has seen a steep growth in ultrarunning events and participants in recent years. Many new races have come into inception, covering a range of ultramarathon distances from 50 km right through to multi-day events. The cornerstone of Australian Ultra events is such races as Ultra-Trail Australia 100, The Great North Walk Ultras, Surf Coast Century, Bogong to Hotham, Alpine Challenge, GC50 Run Festival, and the Cradle Mountain Run.[137][138] The Australian Ultra Runners Association (AURA) has a comprehensive list and links of events and their respective results.[139]

New Zealand New Zealand's first ultramarathon, called the Kepler Challenge, was held on a 60 kilometres (37 mi) trail through Fiordland National Park. It has been running since 1988 and is one of the country's most popular races. New Zealand's Northburn 100 ultra mountain run is the first 100-mile (160 km) race through the Northburn Station. The Te Houtaewa Challenge has a 62 km race on a ninety-mile beach, in Northland. The runners have to contend with rising tides and soft beach sand and the March race dates often mean the race is run in the cyclone season. In 2014 the ultramarathon was postponed because of Cyclone Lucy. The Tarawera Ultramarathon is currently one of the most competitive ultras in New Zealand and part of the Ultra-Trail World Tour.[140]

In December 2013 in Auckland, Kim Allan ran 500 km in 86 hours, 11 minutes, and 9 seconds, breaking the 486 kilometres (302 mi) women's record.[141]

In April 2013, a Feilding man, Perry Newburn, set a new New Zealand record by running 483 kilometres (300 mi) without sleep at Feilding's Manfeild Park.[142]

Ultramarathon running in New Zealand has a national body: the New Zealand Ultrarunners Association.

Oceania New Caledonia Trail Festival[143] has several annual ultramarathon including the Ultra Trail New Caledonia 136 km / 6 000m D+ and the Endurance Shop Trail race 70 km / 3 000m D+ on Pentecost long Week end. The Trail des Cagous is another 60 km ultramarathon held in April.

Papua New Guinea has the Kokoda Challenge Race, an annual 96 km endurance race held in late August that runs the length of the historic Kokoda Track.[144]

Papua New Guinea also has the Great Kokoda Race, a multi-stage 96 km (3-day) race held in early July where competitors run or walk the length of the Kokoda Track.[145]

Europe edit

In Europe, ultrarunning can trace its origins to early documentation of ultrarunners from Icelandic sagas[citation needed], or ancient Greece from where the idea of the Marathon, and the Spartathlon comes. The history of ultrarunners and walkers in the UK from the Victorian Era has also been documented. The IAU hosts annual European Championships for the 50 km, 100 km and 24 hours. The European Ultramarathon Cup is an annual cup event covering some of the biggest ultramarathon races in Europe.[146] Also worth mentioning is the ultramarathon CajaMar Tenerife Bluetrail, the highest race in Spain and second in Europe,[147] with the participation of several countries and great international repercussions. Besides trail ultramarathons, Europe features large road ultramarathons such as Spartathlon and the Millau 100K, which have gathered thousands of runners for the past 50 years.

There are over 300 ultramarathons held in Europe each year,[148][citation needed]. This includes the Harz Run in the Harz Mountains, the Irish Connemarathon, the British Spine Race and Welsh Dragon's Back Race which covers 315 km with 15,500m of height gain.[149]

The UTMB, through France, Italy, and Switzerland has been considered the world's most competitive trail ultra.[150] The other races in the UTMB festival, including the CCC, TDS, and OCC, are also significant events in the ultrarunning calendar.[151]

In 2021 the Megarace was held. The race was 1001 km and was planned to be held on trails through Germany, Czech Republic, and Austria. Due to Covid, 2021, the course was modified to only go through Germany.[152]

Antarctica edit

Due to logistics and environmental concerns, there are only a handful of ultramarathons held in Antarctica, and travel costs can mean entrance fees as high as $14,000.[153] Ultramarathons in Antarctica include The Last Desert, part of the 4 Deserts Race Series, a multi-stage footrace, and the Antarctic Ice Marathon – a marathon and 100-kilometer race.

North America edit

The oldest existing ultramarathon in North America is the JFK 50 Mile,[154] which began in 1963 as a push by President John F. Kennedy to bring the country back to physical fitness.[155]

There are several 100-mile ultramarathons held annually in North America. The Western States Endurance Run is the oldest 100-mile trail run in North America. The race began in 1977, founded by Wendell Robie, of Auburn California.[156][154]

The largest ultramarathon in North America is the Marine Corp 50km. The largest 100-mile trail run is the Javelina Jundred.[157]

Some of flattest, or North American ultramarathons with the least elevation take place in Florida like the Long Haul 100 and the Skunk Ape 100 Mile Endurance Run.

The first mountain trail ultramarathon held in the United States was the 1911 Mount Baker Race (50K), in Bellingham, Washington. Runners raced by car or train to the trailheads, ran up and down Mount Baker 10,000 feet, and then returned to the city.[158]

An early ultramarathon was held in Mexico in 1926, and at the time was part of the Central American Games. Tomas Zafiro and Leoncio San Miguel, both Tarahumara Indians, ran 100 km from Pachuca to Mexico City in 9 hours and 37 minutes. At the time, the Mexican government petitioned to include a 100 km race in the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam.[159]

In 1928, sports agent C. C. Pyle organized the first of two editions of the 3,455-mile-long Bunion Derby (the first went along U.S. Route 66 from Los Angeles to Chicago before heading toward New York; the 1929 Derby reversed the route). Neither the race nor the accompanying vaudeville show was a financial success.[160]

In the 1980s, Gary "Lazarus Lake" Cantrell and Karl "Raw Dog" Henn conceived the Barkley Marathons, an annual trail race held in March or April in Frozen Head State Park, Tennessee. The course is approximately 20 miles long with approximately 11,000 feet of vertical climb, and runners have 60 hours to complete five laps. The run is notorious not only for its difficulty but also for its secretive nature; entrants must undergo a selection process and entry dates and requirements are not announced, meaning entrants rely on word-of-mouth for details on how to enter. The first Barkley Marathons took place in 1986, and as of 2022, only fifteen runners have ever completed the 100-mile course.

Since 1997, runners have been competing in the Self-Transcendence 3100 Mile Race, which is billed as the longest official footrace in the world. They run 100 laps a day for up to 50 days around a single block in Queens, NY, for a total distance of 3,100 miles (5,000 km).[161] The current recordholder is Ashprihanal Pekka Aalto, at 40 days 09:06:21 for a daily average of 76.776 miles (123.559 km) in 2015.

The Fastest known time (FKT) keeps track of supported and unsupported speed records for running, cycling, or hiking routes. Some notable North American routes include the Trans America Run, Pacific Crest Trail, Appalachian Trail, and the Grand Canyon Crossings.

In April 2006, the American Ultrarunning Hall of Fame was established by the American Ultrarunning Association (AUA). Candidates for the Hall of Fame are chosen from the 'modern era' of American ultras, beginning with the New York Road Runners Club 30 Mile race held in 1958. The Inaugural inductees were Ted Corbitt, a former US Olympian, winner of the aforementioned race in 3:04:13, and co-founder of the Road Runners Club of America, and Sandra Kiddy, who began her ultra career at age 42 with a world record at 50 kilometers, 3:36:56, and who went on to set a number of US and world ultra records.[162]

The Yukon Arctic Ultra is described as the coldest and toughest ultra in the world, requiring racers to start from Whitehorse to Dawson City, Yukon, a distance of 430 miles (692 km) in 13 days under the territory's extremely cold conditions in February.[163][164]

South America edit

There are a small number of ultramarathons in South America, but participation in the sport is increasing. The Brazil 135 Ultramarathon is a single-stage race of 135 miles (217 km) with a 60-hour cutoff, held in Brazil. This is a Badwater "sister race".[165] Several ultramarathons are held in Chile and with both local and international participation.[166] Ultramarathons held in Chile include:

  • Atacama Xtreme 50K, 80K, and the first 100 Miles in Chile. One loop for each distance starting and finishing in San Pedro de Atacama at an avg. of 2,400 above sea level.[167]
  • The Atacama Crossing, established in 2004, a 250 km (155-mile) ultramarathon which takes place in the Atacama desert, around San Pedro de Atacama, Chile,[168] and crosses through the driest place on earth. There are six stages in seven days, with almost four marathons running in the first four days, then a 74 km stretch, then a rest day, and a final stage of 11 km. It is part of the 4 Deserts Series. The race covers rugged terrain, with a harsh climate and an altitude that averages 2500 m (8000 ft). The race uses the town of San Pedro de Atacama as its host town, and in 2012 the race began at its highest point of over 3,000m in the Arcoiris Valley.
  • The Endurance Challenge, a 10K, 21K, 50K, and 80K trail running race held in the Andes mountain range near Santiago. It is part of the global Endurance Challenge circuit. The race seeks to promote the sport, outdoor activity, and the use of mountain trails, taking care to have the lowest impact possible on the environment.
  • The Lican Ray-Villarrica Ultramarathon, a 70 km marathon that starts in Lican Ray, climbs Villarrica Volcano and ends in downtown Villarrica.
 
View from the Atacama Crossing 2011.
  • "Extreme Challenge Peru Ultra" at 210 km, 105 km, 50 km and 25 km. This is a race where participants run for 5 consecutive days traveling to Sierra (9,000 to 11,000 feet elevation), the desert (running on top desert dunes), the coast, and the last day at the high elevation jungle (5,900 feet elevation). Some participants also run shorter distances.
  • The Patagonian International Marathon, organized by NIGSA, takes place in Torres del Paine National Park, southern Chilean Patagonia. The event features four race distances: an ultramarathon (63 km), a marathon (42 km), a half marathon (21 km), and a 10K. Each distance has a different starting point, but everyone finishes in the same place. The event has the secondary goal of promoting the conservation of Chilean Patagonia and contributing to the sustainable development of the region through the planting of trees in the Torres del Paine National Park through the "Corre y Reforesta" (Run and Reforest) campaign[169] run by the organization "Reforestemos Patagonia" (Let's Reforest Patagonia)[170]
  • The Rapa Nui GrandTrail, an 80k ultramarathon that takes place on Easter Island, Valparaíso Region, Chile. This exotic trail, far out in the Pacific Ocean, takes in the famous Moai statues of the island.[171]

Argentina There are several ultramarathon races in Argentina.

La Mision has been going on for almost 15 years. There are different editions, one in Villa La Angostura in Patagonia with 3 distances. 110 km with cumulative altitude gain of about 4500m, 160 km with cumulative altitude gain of about 8000m and 200 km with cumulative altitude gain of about 9000m. There is other edition of the race (Short & Half) in Villa San Javier, Cordoba with 2 distances, 35k and 70k.

In April 2019 for the 1st time UTMB took place in Ushuaia (Ushuaia by UTMB) A very tough race facing the wild Patagonia weather with 4 different distances, 35k, 50k, 70k and 130k. The race brings together in one competition all the landscapes and geographies of the southern Andes (forests, rocky terrains, mountains, hills, glaciers, lakes, rivers, and wetlands, among others) The race has a technical, non-stop format and is ruled by the principle of semi-autonomy.

Cerro Champaqui in Cordoba is the landscape of different races. Champa Ultra Race with 5 different distances, 8k / 18k / 26k / 42k, and 62k. Also the UTACCH – Ultra Amanecer Comechingón with 7 different distances, 16k, 26k, 42k, and 4 ultras of 55k, 70k, 110k, and 100 miles.

Ushuaia, at "the end of the world" also hosts Ultra Maratón Glaciar Martial with 3 different distances, 10k, 25k, and 50k.

International Trail Running Association edit

Many ultramarathon organizers are members of the International Trail Running Association (ITRA), an organization that promotes values, diversity, health, and safety during races, as well as working to further the development of trail running and helps to coordinate between the national and international bodies with an interest in the sport. ITRA also evaluates the difficulty of specific ultramarathon routes according to a number of criteria, such as the distance, the cumulative elevation gain, and the number of loops and stages. ITRA maintains a calendar of ultra Trail running events.

Nutritional Demands of Ultra-Marathons edit

Ultra-marathon running requires meticulous attention to nutrition for both training and racing. In training, daily caloric needs are influenced by factors like body weight, training duration, and terrain, with carbohydrates comprising around 60% of the macronutrient distribution.[172] Proper hydration is crucial. In racing, energy intake, carbohydrate availability, protein intake, and strategies to offset dehydration are essential. GI distress can be minimized by avoiding concentrated carbs and saturated fats, with probiotics and prebiotics offering potential relief. Runners should be cautious with supplements and medications, avoiding NSAIDs, and carefully managing caffeine intake. Tailoring nutrition to individual factors is key for ultra-marathon success.

See also edit

References edit

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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ultramarathon.
  • Official International Trail Running Association website
  • RunUltra.co.uk Global ultramarathon calendar with reviews
  • The history of ultrarunning
  • Ultra running at IAAF web site
  • ULTRAmarathonRunning.com Global ultramarathon calendar
  • UltraSignup, global race list and signup site

March 29, 2024
ultramarathon, ultramarathon, also, called, ultra, distance, ultra, running, footrace, longer, than, traditional, marathon, length, kilometres, various, distances, surfaces, formats, raced, competitively, from, shortest, common, ultramarathon, miles, 3100, mil. An ultramarathon also called ultra distance or ultra running is a footrace longer than the traditional marathon length of 42 195 kilometres 26 mi 385 yd Various distances surfaces and formats are raced competitively from the shortest common ultramarathon of 31 miles 50 km and up to 3100 miles 1 World Championships are held by the International Association of Ultrarunners IAU for 50 km 100 km 24 hours and ultra trail running The Global Organization of Multi Day Ultramarathoners GOMU holds World Championships for 48 hours and 6 days 2 World Records are ratified and recognized by World Athletics 50 km and 100 km the IAU 50 km up to 6 days and by GOMU 48 hours up to 5000 km 3 4 5 UltramarathonUltramarathoners compete at the Sahara Race 2011 4 Deserts Highest governing bodyWorld Athletics International Association of Ultrarunners and the Global Organization of Multi Day UltramarathonersPresenceWorld Championships1987 presentAround 100 miles 160 km is typically the longest course distance raced in under 24 hours but there are also longer multiday races commonly held as 48 hours 200 miles 320 km or more sometimes raced in stages with breaks for sleep The oldest and largest ultramarathons are on road including the Comrades Marathon over 10 000 finishers annually and Two Oceans Marathon over 6 000 finishers annually 6 The world s longest certified Footrace is the Self Transcendence 3100 Mile Race Many ultras have historical significance including the Spartathlon based on the 246 km run of Greek messenger Pheidippides from Athens to Sparta during the Battle of Marathon in a day and a half to seek aid against the Persians 7 8 9 Runners waiting for the start of the 2023 Comrades MarathonThere is also overlap with the sports of trail running and mountain running Some 100 miles 160 km races are among the oldest and most prestigious events especially in North America 10 The oldest and also the largest trail race is the SainteLyon 78km in France over 5 000 finishers annually 11 Contents 1 Overview 2 IAU World Record performances 2 1 Men 2 2 Women 2 3 Men 2 4 Women 3 Global Organization of Multi Day Ultramarathoner World Record performances 4 IAU World Championships 5 GOMU World Championships 6 Record holders 7 Ultramarathons by regions 7 1 Africa 7 2 Asia 7 3 Oceania Australia and New Zealand 7 4 Europe 7 5 Antarctica 7 6 North America 7 7 South America 8 International Trail Running Association 9 Nutritional Demands of Ultra Marathons 10 See also 11 References 12 External linksOverview editThere are two main types of ultramarathon events those that cover a specified distance or route and those that last for a predetermined period with the winner covering the most distance in that time The most common distances are 50 kilometres 31 07 mi 50 miles 80 47 km 100 kilometres 62 14 mi 100 miles 160 93 km and continue up to the longest certified race distance of 3100 miles 1 Timed events range from 6 12 and 24 hours to 3 6 and 10 days known as Multiday races Timed events are generally run on a track or a short road course often one mile 1 6 km or less 12 The format of ultramarathons and the courses vary ranging from single loops some as short as a 400 metre 1 300 ft track 13 to point to point road or trail races to cross country rogaines Many ultramarathons have significant obstacles such as inclement weather elevation change or rugged terrain Usually there are aid stations whether every lap of a track small road or trail loop courses or extending up to perhaps 20 to 35 kilometres 12 to 22 mi where runners can replenish food and drink supplies or take a short break There are some self supported ultramarathon stage races in which each competitor has to carry all their supplies including food to survive the length of the race typically a week long The Marathon des Sables 6 day stage race in Morocco and the Grand to Grand Ultra in the US are examples 14 15 The International Association of Ultrarunners IAU organises the World Championships for various ultramarathon distances including 50 kilometres 31 mi 100 kilometres 62 mi 24 hours and ultra trail running which are also recognized by World Athletics Many countries around the world have their own ultrarunning organizations often the national athletics federation of the country or are sanctioned by such national athletics organizations 50 kilometer and 100 kilometer races are recognized as World Records by World Athletics the world governing body of track and field 16 The International Association of Ultrarunners recognizes IAU World Records for 50 kilometers 100 kilometers 6 hours 12 hours 100 miles 24 hours 48 hours and 6 days 17 The Global Organization of Multi Day Ultramarathoners GOMU recognizes Multiday race World Records for standard and non standard distances and times between 48 hours and 5000 km 18 There are ultramarathon Racewalking events that are usually 50 km although 100 km and 100 mile 160 km Centurion races are also organized Furthermore the non competitive International Marching League event Nijmegen Four Days March has a regulation distance of 4 50 km over four days for those aged 19 to 49 19 In 2021 concerns were raised about planning and medical care available for ultramarathons in China after dozens of racers died from hypothermia and at least one from a heart attack while competing in an ultramarathon in the Yellow River Stone Forest The government later announced a ban on extreme competitions 20 In August 2023 a partnership between Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc UTMB and Ironman Triathlon was announced and the new formation of the UTMB World Series an ultra distance circuit that culminates with UTMB held in August Concerns have been raised about rising entry fees homogenization of racing experiences and bulldozing of smaller events 21 22 IAU World Record performances editUntil 2014 the IAU maintained lists of the world best performances on different surfaces road track and indoor Starting in 2015 the distinction between the surfaces was removed and the records were combined into a single category 23 Some governing bodies continue to keep separate ultramarathon track and road records for their jurisdictions 24 Starting in January 2022 the IAU began to recognize and ratify performances as IAU World Records World Athletics also began to ratify the 50k distance as a World Record for both mixed and women respectively along with 100k 25 Record performances that have not yet been ratified are as follows At the Jackpot 100 US Championship in February 2022 Camille Herron set a 100 mile mark of 12 41 11 26 27 However there were problems with the course arrangement and distance 28 Miho Nakata ran 270 363 km in 24 hours in December 2023 29 Camille Herron ran over 901 km in an invitational 6 day event organised by Lululemon between 6th and 12th of March 2024 which is 17 km more than the ratified women s world record The performance also included a series of other records not recognised by the IAU including 500 km 600 km 700 km 800 km 900 km 3 days 4 days 5 days 300 miles 400 miles and 500 miles 30 31 The IAU World Records as of January 2024 are as follows 32 Men edit Event Record Athlete Date Place50 km 2 38 43 nbsp CJ Albertson USA 8 October 2022 nbsp San Francisco US50 miles 4 48 21 nbsp Charles R Lawrence USA 11 November 2023 nbsp Vienna US100 km 6 05 35 nbsp Aleksandr Sorokin LTU 14 May 2023 nbsp Vilnius Lithuania100 miles 10 51 39 nbsp Aleksandr Sorokin LTU 7 January 2022 nbsp Tel Aviv Israel6 hours 98 496 km nbsp Aleksandr Sorokin LTU 23 April 2022 nbsp Bedford UK12 hours 177 410 km nbsp Aleksandr Sorokin LTU 7 January 2022 nbsp Tel Aviv Israel24 hours 319 614 km nbsp Aleksandr Sorokin LTU 17 September 2022 nbsp Verona Italy48 hours 473 495 km nbsp Yiannis Kouros GRE 3 5 May 1996 nbsp Surgeres France6 days 1036 800 km nbsp Yiannis Kouros AUS a 20 26 November 2005 nbsp Colac Australia Kouros had Australian citizenship for part of his running career Nationalities here are as given in the IAU records table Women edit Event Record Athlete Date Place50 km 2 59 54 nbsp Desiree Linden USA 13 April 2021 nbsp Dorena Oregon United States50 miles 5 40 18 nbsp Ann Trason USA 23 February 1991 nbsp Houston US100 km 6 33 11 nbsp Tomoe Abe JPN 25 June 2000 nbsp Yubetsu Saroma Tokoro Japan100 miles 12 42 40 nbsp Camille Herron USA 11 November 2017 nbsp Vienna IL US6 hours 85 492 km nbsp Nele Alder Baerens GER 11 March 2017 nbsp Munster Germany12 hours 153 600 km nbsp Satu Lipiainen FIN 20 May 2023 nbsp Kokkola Finland24 hours 270 116 km nbsp Camille Herron USA 26 27 October 2019 nbsp Albi France48 hours 435 336 km nbsp Camille Herron USA 24 26 March 2023 nbsp Hackett Australia6 days 883 631 km nbsp Sandra Barwick NZL 18 24 November 1990 nbsp Campbelltown AustraliaUntil 2021 the IAU also kept records for 1000 km and 1000 miles The final records were 33 Men edit Event Record Athlete Date Place1000 km 5d 16 17 00 nbsp Yiannis Kouros GRE 26 November 2 December 1984 nbsp Colac Australia1000 miles 10d 10 30 36 nbsp Yiannis Kouros GRE 20 30 May 1988 nbsp New York City USWomen edit Event Record Athlete Date Place1000 km 7d 16 08 37 nbsp Paula Mairer AUT 29 September 6 October 2002 nbsp New York City US1000 miles 12d 14 38 40 nbsp Sandra Barwick NZL 16 28 October 1991 nbsp New York City USGlobal Organization of Multi Day Ultramarathoner World Record performances editThe Global Organization of Multi Day Ultramarathoners GOMU was founded in October 2021 to recognize Multiday race World Records that are not recognized by the International Association of Ultrarunners GOMU recognizes the IAU ratified World Records for 48 hours and 6 days They recognized standard times distances for 48 hours 72 hours 6 days 10 days 500 miles 1000 miles 2000 miles 3000 miles 3100 miles 500 km 1000 km 2000 km 3000 km 4000 km and 5000 km They also recognize records for a number of non standard formats 4 days to 49 days 200 miles to 2900 miles and 300 km to 4900 km 5 IAU World Championships editThere are four IAU World Championships the IAU 100 km World Championships IAU 50 km World Championships IAU 24 Hour World Championship and the IAU Trail World Championships 34 GOMU World Championships editGOMU World Championships are held for 48 hours and 6 days to encourage multi day athletes from around the world to come together compete on a level playing field and aspire for world national age group and personal records 18 Record holders editThe following is a selected list of world or international record holding or world championship winning ultramarathon runners Al Howie record holder for the trans Canada 7295 5 kilometers in 72 days 10 hours and 23 minutes 35 Aleksandr Sorokin IAU World Record holder for 6h 12h 24h 100 kilometers and 100 miles Winner of the IAU 24 Hour World Championship and Spartathlon 36 37 Ann Trason fourteen time winner Western States 100 2 time winner of the Comrades Marathon World 50 mi record holder 5 40 18 American 100k record holder 7 00 48 38 Anna Frost 2 time winner Hardrock 100 2 time The North Face Endurance Challenge Transvulcania Maxi Race du Lac d Annecy 39 Arthur F H Newton 5 time Comrades Marathon winner former world records for 50 and 100 miles and 24 hours 40 Beth Pascall winner of the Western States Endurance Run 41 Ultra Trail Cape Town course record 42 The Canyons Endurance Run former course record 43 and FKT of the Bob Graham Round Bongmusa Mthembu 3 time winner of the Comrades Marathon and the Two Oceans Marathon the African record holder for 100 km 44 Bruce Fordyce 9 time Comrades Marathon winner former world records for 50 miles and 100 km 45 Camille Herron Only athlete to win the 50 km 100 km and 24 Hour world championships Spartathlon Champion and course record 46 Comrades Marathon and JFK 50 Mile Champion 50 mile World Best and IAU World Records for 100 miles 24h and 48h 47 48 49 50 51 Caroline Chaverot winner of the 2016 Trail World Championships 2016 Skyrunning World Championships Ultra 52 also winner of UTMB Courmayeur Champex Chamonix 2 time Lavaredo Ultra Trail Transgrancanaria Maxi Race du Lac d Annecy Hardrock 100 Eiger Ultra Trail Madeira Island Ultra Trail cr and Festival des Templiers 53 Carolyn Hunter Rowe world record 40 mi 2 time IAU 100 km World Champion winner Two Oceans Charles R Lawrence 50 mile IAU World Record 54 Courtney Dauwalter wins and course records at Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc 3 time winner 55 Western States 100 2 time winner 56 Hardrock 100 2 time winner 57 Transgrancanaria 2 time winner 58 and Grand Raid 59 Don Ritchie world record 100 miles for 25 years world record for 100 km for nearly 40 years 60 Edit Berces 24 hour treadmill world record several Hungarian records Ellie Greenwood 2 time IAU 100k Championship winner Comrades Marathon winner winner of Courmayeur Champex Chamonix and Festival des Templiers former course records at the Western States 100 JFK 50 Mile and the Canadian Death Race Fotis Zisimopoulis 3 time winner of Spartathlon and course record holder 46 2nd place at the IAU 24 Hour World Championship 61 Francois D Haene 3 time winner of UTMB and course record holder 3 time winner of Grand Raid 2 time of Madeira Island Ultra Trail and course record Maxi Race du Lac d Annecy 62 Frith van der Merwe set former 50k world record en route to winning the Two Oceans Marathon 63 former downhill course record at Comrades Marathon 64 Gerda Steyn winner and course records at Two Oceans Marathon 4 time winner 65 and the Comrades Marathon both uphill and downhill courses 66 67 Ida Nilsson 3 time winner Transvulcania and course record 2 time The North Face Endurance Challenge Swiss Alpine Marathon and Ultravasan 68 Jasmin Paris course record and overall winner of the Spine Race 69 2 time finisher of the Barkley Marathons Fun Run 70 winner and course record at the Fellsman 71 former FKT at the Bob Graham Round only woman to finish the Barkley Marathon 72 Jenny Hoffman female coast to coast FKT of the United States in 47 days 12 hours 35 min 73 Jim Walmsley former World record for 50 miles World Long Distance Mountain Running champion wins and course records at Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc 74 Madeira Island Ultra Trail 75 Western States 100 3 time winner 76 JFK 50 Mile 77 Tarawera 102k 78 Grand Canyon rim to rim to rim FKT 79 and Ultravasan 80 Jonas Buud 2015 IAU 100 km World Championships winner and 4 time silver medallist 8 time winner of the Swiss Alpine Marathon Ultravasan course record 2nd at Comrades Marathon 81 82 83 Kaneenika Janakova former course record for the Self Transcendence 3100 Mile Race holds multiday World Records for 19 49 days several distances between 1400 2900 miles and 2100km 4900km 5 Kilian Jornet former course record for UTMB 4 time winner Hardrock 100 5 time winner and Zegama Aizkorri skymarathon 10 time winner winner of Western States 100 84 3 time Buff SkyRunner World Series champion FKT ascent descent for Matterhorn and Mont Blanc former FKT for Kilimanjaro Denali Aconcagua and the Bob Graham Round Lizzy Hawker 5 time winner of Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc 2006 IAU 100 km World Championships winner Spartathlon winner former 24h world best holder 85 Mami Kudo former women s 24h track world record holder 255 303 kilometres 158 638 mi Soochow TPE 2011 86 2013 female winner of IAU 24 Hour World Championship 87 Miho Nakata winner of the 2023 IAU 24 Hour World Championship and 24Hr World Record pending ratification 61 Nicky Spinks four time winner of the Fellsman 88 set FKTs for double Bob Graham Round under 48 hours Ramsay Round and Paddy Buckley Round Ollie Garrod set 40 mile world record en route to winning the Barry 40 89 Patrycja Bereznowska 2017 IAU 24 Hour World Championship winner and former 24h world best holder winner and former course records at Spartathlon and Badwater Ultramarathon former 48h IAU World Record 90 91 92 93 Pau Capell winner of the Ultra Trail World Tour 2018 94 UTMB 3 time Transgrancanaria 95 Pete Kostelnick best known for the overall coast to coast FKT of the United States in 42 days 6 hours and 30 minutes 96 2 time Badwater Ultramarathon 97 Ragna Debats gold at the 2018 and bronze at the 2016 Trail World Championships winner of Marathon des Sables Transvulcania Courmayeur Champex Chamonix and 2018 Skyrunning World Championship Ultra 98 Ryōichi Sekiya four time IAU 24 Hour World Championship World Championship winner 99 two time winner of Spartathlon 100 Sandy Barwick World Record holder for standard distances times for 6 days 10 days 500 miles 1000 miles 2000 km 4 17 days and 400 1200 miles 5 Sandra Villines former female coast to coast FKT of the United States in 54 days 16 hours and 24 minutes 101 Badwater Ultramarathon 102 Satu Lipiainen 12 hour IAU World Record holder finished 3rd at the 2023 Spartathlon 4 103 Scott Jurek 7 time winner of Western States 100 Hardrock 100 2 time Badwater Ultramarathon 3 time Spartathlon former American record for 24 hour 104 Shingo Inoue 2010 winner of IAU 24 hour run World Championship 273 708 kilometres 170 074 mi 99 Sumie Inagaki current women s 48 hour track world record holder 397 103 kilometres 246 748 mi Surgeres FRA May 2010 99 2 time female winner of IAU 24 hour run World Championship two time female winner of Spartathlon 100 Surasa Mairer World Record holder for 1000 km and 1300 miles 18 days Takahiro Sunada former men s 100 km Road world record holder 6 13 33 Lake Saroma Ultramarathon 1998 105 Ted Corbitt the father of American ultrarunning 1952 US Olympic team member former American world record holder at various distances 106 Tete Dijana 2 time winner of the Comrades Marathon and downhill course record 107 Tsai Wen Ya course record of 45 days 12 28 44 at the 2023 Self Transcendence 3100 Mile Race 108 Tomoe Abe current women s 100 km Road world record holder 6 33 11 Lake Saroma Ultramarathon 2000 109 Wally Hayward multiple winner of the Comrades Marathon London to Brighton and many other ultramarathons set early world records 110 Xavier Thevenard only trail athlete to have won all four Ultra Trail du Mont Blanc races including 3 time winner of UTMB 111 Yiannis Kouros current or former holder of numerous world records between 24 hour to 1 000 miles former course record holder of the SpartathlonUltramarathons by regions editUltra Marathons are run around the world with more than 600 000 people completing them every year 112 Africa edit Several ultra distance events are held in Africa Egypt has joined the Ultramarathon races with more adding up each year Hathor 100 km is a Trail ultramarathon race in Sinai With distances of 50 km 100 km and 130 km 113 Qarun 66 km Trail Ultramarathon race Dated on March of each year in the city of Faiyum with distances 44 km and 66 km 114 South Africa hosts a number of notable ultra marathon events On road the world s oldest and largest ultramarathon the 87 kilometres 54 mi Comrades Marathon Approximately 12 000 runners complete the Comrades each year out of approximately 17 000 who start with 23 961 competing in 2000 115 The 56 kilometre 35 mi Two Oceans Marathon in Cape Town in the southern autumn attracts approximately 11 000 runners Off road The Salomon Sky Run is a grueling 100 kilometres 62 mi self supported unmarked trail race held in a particularly scenic part of the country The Namib Race is a six stage race that takes place along the Skeleton Coast in Namibia It is part of the 4 Deserts Ultramarathon Series The Washie 100 road race is the oldest one hundred miler road race in Africa Trail The Peninsula Ultra Fun Run PUFfeR 80 kilometres 50 mi supported unmarked trail run crossing the Table Mountain range in Cape Town South Africa The Grand Raid de la Reunion is held annually on Reunion in October crossing the island over 163 kilometres 101 mi with an altitude gain of 9 643 metres 31 637 ft This race attracts 2 350 competitors with 1 000 runners from overseas The Marathon des Sables is a 6 day stage race which covers 250 kilometres 160 mi through the Sahara desert in Morocco The Spanish Canary Islands off the African coast are the location of some prestigious ultramarathons including the 46 mile Transvulcania 116 Asia edit Ultrarunning has become popular in Asia and countries such as Japan Taiwan and South Korea have hosted IAU World Championships A night race called the Sundown Marathon has been held in Singapore annually since 2008 over a double marathon distance 84 km up to 2010 and 100 km since then 117 Clark Freeport Zone in the Philippines is the venue for two of the Philippines premier ultramarathon events The Clark Miyamit Ultra known as CM50 a 60K and 50Mile Trail Ultramarathon that takes runners to traverse from Clark to the Aeta Villages lahar bed mountain ranges near Mt Pinatubo and the iconic Miyamit Falls Cardimax Clark Ultramarathon is a road ultramarathon of 50K and 100K distances which brings and gathers ultramarathoners from aspiring ones to the most competitive elites In Israel two major ultramarathon races are Mount to Valley relay race over 215 km from the hills of the Upper Galilee to the Jezreel Valley and the Valley Circle race in the Jezreel valley contains several distances including 160 km and 200 km In the Cebu Philippines an All Women Ultra Marathon race covering a distance of 50 kilometers is held annually on the weekend of International Women s Day since 2012 118 non primary source needed India s first ultra marathon the Bangalore Ultra was held in 2007 119 120 Since 2010 Indian Himalayas have hosted La Ultra The High a 333 km course crossing Khardung La touted to be the world s highest motorable mountain pass 121 Indonesia s first ultramarathon race Mount Rinjani Ultra 52K was held in August 2013 and Indonesia s first 100K amp 160K ultramarathon race Bromo Tengger Semeru 100 Ultra was held in November 2013 Tambora Challenge 320 km held from 2015 Japan had its first 100 km event in 1987 as Lake Saroma Ultramarathon and hosted the IAU 100 km World Championship in 1994 Lake Saroma 1998 River Shimanto and 2005 Lake Saroma 122 Japan hosts more than 50 ultramarathon events throughout the year 123 including the Trans Japan Alps Race TJAR 124 415 kilometres 258 mi with more than 26 000 metres 16 mi cumulative altitude gain crossing Japan Alps crossing Japan s mainland from Japan Sea to Pacific Ocean in 7 days 125 126 Hasetsune cup 71 5 kilometres 44 4 mi in steep foggy mountains 127 and the Ultra Trail Mt Fuji 161 kilometres 100 mi loop around World Heritage Mount Fuji with a cumulative altitude gain of about 9 000 metres 5 6 mi 128 129 Malaysia s first ultra trail marathon was founded in November 2011 and is known as the TMBT The Most Beautiful Thing in Sabah at Mount Kinabalu South East Asia s highest mountain The event has a 55 dropout rate and is a 3 point qualifying race for UTMB and a 2 point qualifying race for the 55 kilometer category of the event This was followed by the Beaufort Ultra Marathon in Sabah organized in 2012 and a 60 kilometer endurance run under 35 39 degree Celsius heat with a 60 finish rate amongst runners 130 First 100 miles ultra marathon road race Putrajaya 100 Miles was held on 22 23 November 2014 Nepal hosts several ultramarathon races 131 including the Annapurna 100 the Kanchenjunga Ultra Marathon Trail Running Race 132 and the Everest Ultra 133 Running a total of 1 504 km in a bit more than 24 days Ryan Sandes and Ryno Griesel set a new FKT during March 2018 for the Great Himalaya Trail Northern Mongolia hosts an annual 100 km summer race Mongolia Sunrise to Sunset 134 Soochow International 24H Ultra Marathon is held since 1999 in Taipei and is an official IAU registered event South Korea s first ultramarathon was held in 2000 The Gobi March in northwest China was China s first ultramarathon first staged in 2003 The Gobi March is part of the 4 Deserts Race Series 135 Oceania Australia and New Zealand edit Australia and New Zealand are hosts to some 100 organized ultramarathons each year Additionally a handful of runners have run the entire length of New Zealand a distance of around 2 200 kilometres 1 400 mi 136 AustraliaIn Australia the Westfield Ultra Marathon was an annual race between Sydney and Melbourne contested between 1983 and 1991 Greek runner Yiannis Kouros won the event five times during that period Australia is also the home of one of the oldest six day races in the world the Cliff Young Australian 6 day race held in Colac Victoria The race is held on a 400 meter circuit at the Memorial Square in the centre of Colac and has seen many close races since its inception in 1984 The 20th Cliff Young Australian six day race was held between 20 and 26 November 2005 During that event Kouros beat his existing world record six day track mark and set a new mark of 1 036 851 kilometres 644 269 mi The Coast to Kosciuszko inaugurated in 2004 is a 246 kilometre 153 mi marathon from the coast to the top of Mount Kosciuszko Australia s highest mountain Australia has seen a steep growth in ultrarunning events and participants in recent years Many new races have come into inception covering a range of ultramarathon distances from 50 km right through to multi day events The cornerstone of Australian Ultra events is such races as Ultra Trail Australia 100 The Great North Walk Ultras Surf Coast Century Bogong to Hotham Alpine Challenge GC50 Run Festival and the Cradle Mountain Run 137 138 The Australian Ultra Runners Association AURA has a comprehensive list and links of events and their respective results 139 New Zealand New Zealand s first ultramarathon called the Kepler Challenge was held on a 60 kilometres 37 mi trail through Fiordland National Park It has been running since 1988 and is one of the country s most popular races New Zealand s Northburn 100 ultra mountain run is the first 100 mile 160 km race through the Northburn Station The Te Houtaewa Challenge has a 62 km race on a ninety mile beach in Northland The runners have to contend with rising tides and soft beach sand and the March race dates often mean the race is run in the cyclone season In 2014 the ultramarathon was postponed because of Cyclone Lucy The Tarawera Ultramarathon is currently one of the most competitive ultras in New Zealand and part of the Ultra Trail World Tour 140 In December 2013 in Auckland Kim Allan ran 500 km in 86 hours 11 minutes and 9 seconds breaking the 486 kilometres 302 mi women s record 141 In April 2013 a Feilding man Perry Newburn set a new New Zealand record by running 483 kilometres 300 mi without sleep at Feilding s Manfeild Park 142 Ultramarathon running in New Zealand has a national body the New Zealand Ultrarunners Association Oceania New Caledonia Trail Festival 143 has several annual ultramarathon including the Ultra Trail New Caledonia 136 km 6 000m D and the Endurance Shop Trail race 70 km 3 000m D on Pentecost long Week end The Trail des Cagous is another 60 km ultramarathon held in April Papua New Guinea has the Kokoda Challenge Race an annual 96 km endurance race held in late August that runs the length of the historic Kokoda Track 144 Papua New Guinea also has the Great Kokoda Race a multi stage 96 km 3 day race held in early July where competitors run or walk the length of the Kokoda Track 145 Europe edit In Europe ultrarunning can trace its origins to early documentation of ultrarunners from Icelandic sagas citation needed or ancient Greece from where the idea of the Marathon and the Spartathlon comes The history of ultrarunners and walkers in the UK from the Victorian Era has also been documented The IAU hosts annual European Championships for the 50 km 100 km and 24 hours The European Ultramarathon Cup is an annual cup event covering some of the biggest ultramarathon races in Europe 146 Also worth mentioning is the ultramarathon CajaMar Tenerife Bluetrail the highest race in Spain and second in Europe 147 with the participation of several countries and great international repercussions Besides trail ultramarathons Europe features large road ultramarathons such as Spartathlon and the Millau 100K which have gathered thousands of runners for the past 50 years There are over 300 ultramarathons held in Europe each year 148 citation needed This includes the Harz Run in the Harz Mountains the Irish Connemarathon the British Spine Race and Welsh Dragon s Back Race which covers 315 km with 15 500m of height gain 149 The UTMB through France Italy and Switzerland has been considered the world s most competitive trail ultra 150 The other races in the UTMB festival including the CCC TDS and OCC are also significant events in the ultrarunning calendar 151 In 2021 the Megarace was held The race was 1001 km and was planned to be held on trails through Germany Czech Republic and Austria Due to Covid 2021 the course was modified to only go through Germany 152 Antarctica edit Due to logistics and environmental concerns there are only a handful of ultramarathons held in Antarctica and travel costs can mean entrance fees as high as 14 000 153 Ultramarathons in Antarctica include The Last Desert part of the 4 Deserts Race Series a multi stage footrace and the Antarctic Ice Marathon a marathon and 100 kilometer race North America edit The oldest existing ultramarathon in North America is the JFK 50 Mile 154 which began in 1963 as a push by President John F Kennedy to bring the country back to physical fitness 155 There are several 100 mile ultramarathons held annually in North America The Western States Endurance Run is the oldest 100 mile trail run in North America The race began in 1977 founded by Wendell Robie of Auburn California 156 154 The largest ultramarathon in North America is the Marine Corp 50km The largest 100 mile trail run is the Javelina Jundred 157 Some of flattest or North American ultramarathons with the least elevation take place in Florida like the Long Haul 100 and the Skunk Ape 100 Mile Endurance Run The first mountain trail ultramarathon held in the United States was the 1911 Mount Baker Race 50K in Bellingham Washington Runners raced by car or train to the trailheads ran up and down Mount Baker 10 000 feet and then returned to the city 158 An early ultramarathon was held in Mexico in 1926 and at the time was part of the Central American Games Tomas Zafiro and Leoncio San Miguel both Tarahumara Indians ran 100 km from Pachuca to Mexico City in 9 hours and 37 minutes At the time the Mexican government petitioned to include a 100 km race in the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam 159 In 1928 sports agent C C Pyle organized the first of two editions of the 3 455 mile long Bunion Derby the first went along U S Route 66 from Los Angeles to Chicago before heading toward New York the 1929 Derby reversed the route Neither the race nor the accompanying vaudeville show was a financial success 160 In the 1980s Gary Lazarus Lake Cantrell and Karl Raw Dog Henn conceived the Barkley Marathons an annual trail race held in March or April in Frozen Head State Park Tennessee The course is approximately 20 miles long with approximately 11 000 feet of vertical climb and runners have 60 hours to complete five laps The run is notorious not only for its difficulty but also for its secretive nature entrants must undergo a selection process and entry dates and requirements are not announced meaning entrants rely on word of mouth for details on how to enter The first Barkley Marathons took place in 1986 and as of 2022 only fifteen runners have ever completed the 100 mile course Since 1997 runners have been competing in the Self Transcendence 3100 Mile Race which is billed as the longest official footrace in the world They run 100 laps a day for up to 50 days around a single block in Queens NY for a total distance of 3 100 miles 5 000 km 161 The current recordholder is Ashprihanal Pekka Aalto at 40 days 09 06 21 for a daily average of 76 776 miles 123 559 km in 2015 The Fastest known time FKT keeps track of supported and unsupported speed records for running cycling or hiking routes Some notable North American routes include the Trans America Run Pacific Crest Trail Appalachian Trail and the Grand Canyon Crossings In April 2006 the American Ultrarunning Hall of Fame was established by the American Ultrarunning Association AUA Candidates for the Hall of Fame are chosen from the modern era of American ultras beginning with the New York Road Runners Club 30 Mile race held in 1958 The Inaugural inductees were Ted Corbitt a former US Olympian winner of the aforementioned race in 3 04 13 and co founder of the Road Runners Club of America and Sandra Kiddy who began her ultra career at age 42 with a world record at 50 kilometers 3 36 56 and who went on to set a number of US and world ultra records 162 The Yukon Arctic Ultra is described as the coldest and toughest ultra in the world requiring racers to start from Whitehorse to Dawson City Yukon a distance of 430 miles 692 km in 13 days under the territory s extremely cold conditions in February 163 164 South America edit There are a small number of ultramarathons in South America but participation in the sport is increasing The Brazil 135 Ultramarathon is a single stage race of 135 miles 217 km with a 60 hour cutoff held in Brazil This is a Badwater sister race 165 Several ultramarathons are held in Chile and with both local and international participation 166 Ultramarathons held in Chile include Atacama Xtreme 50K 80K and the first 100 Miles in Chile One loop for each distance starting and finishing in San Pedro de Atacama at an avg of 2 400 above sea level 167 The Atacama Crossing established in 2004 a 250 km 155 mile ultramarathon which takes place in the Atacama desert around San Pedro de Atacama Chile 168 and crosses through the driest place on earth There are six stages in seven days with almost four marathons running in the first four days then a 74 km stretch then a rest day and a final stage of 11 km It is part of the 4 Deserts Series The race covers rugged terrain with a harsh climate and an altitude that averages 2500 m 8000 ft The race uses the town of San Pedro de Atacama as its host town and in 2012 the race began at its highest point of over 3 000m in the Arcoiris Valley The Endurance Challenge a 10K 21K 50K and 80K trail running race held in the Andes mountain range near Santiago It is part of the global Endurance Challenge circuit The race seeks to promote the sport outdoor activity and the use of mountain trails taking care to have the lowest impact possible on the environment The Lican Ray Villarrica Ultramarathon a 70 km marathon that starts in Lican Ray climbs Villarrica Volcano and ends in downtown Villarrica nbsp View from the Atacama Crossing 2011 Extreme Challenge Peru Ultra at 210 km 105 km 50 km and 25 km This is a race where participants run for 5 consecutive days traveling to Sierra 9 000 to 11 000 feet elevation the desert running on top desert dunes the coast and the last day at the high elevation jungle 5 900 feet elevation Some participants also run shorter distances The Patagonian International Marathon organized by NIGSA takes place in Torres del Paine National Park southern Chilean Patagonia The event features four race distances an ultramarathon 63 km a marathon 42 km a half marathon 21 km and a 10K Each distance has a different starting point but everyone finishes in the same place The event has the secondary goal of promoting the conservation of Chilean Patagonia and contributing to the sustainable development of the region through the planting of trees in the Torres del Paine National Park through the Corre y Reforesta Run and Reforest campaign 169 run by the organization Reforestemos Patagonia Let s Reforest Patagonia 170 The Rapa Nui GrandTrail an 80k ultramarathon that takes place on Easter Island Valparaiso Region Chile This exotic trail far out in the Pacific Ocean takes in the famous Moai statues of the island 171 Argentina There are several ultramarathon races in Argentina La Mision has been going on for almost 15 years There are different editions one in Villa La Angostura in Patagonia with 3 distances 110 km with cumulative altitude gain of about 4500m 160 km with cumulative altitude gain of about 8000m and 200 km with cumulative altitude gain of about 9000m There is other edition of the race Short amp Half in Villa San Javier Cordoba with 2 distances 35k and 70k In April 2019 for the 1st time UTMB took place in Ushuaia Ushuaia by UTMB A very tough race facing the wild Patagonia weather with 4 different distances 35k 50k 70k and 130k The race brings together in one competition all the landscapes and geographies of the southern Andes forests rocky terrains mountains hills glaciers lakes rivers and wetlands among others The race has a technical non stop format and is ruled by the principle of semi autonomy Cerro Champaqui in Cordoba is the landscape of different races Champa Ultra Race with 5 different distances 8k 18k 26k 42k and 62k Also the UTACCH Ultra Amanecer Comechingon with 7 different distances 16k 26k 42k and 4 ultras of 55k 70k 110k and 100 miles Ushuaia at the end of the world also hosts Ultra Maraton Glaciar Martial with 3 different distances 10k 25k and 50k International Trail Running Association editMany ultramarathon organizers are members of the International Trail Running Association ITRA an organization that promotes values diversity health and safety during races as well as working to further the development of trail running and helps to coordinate between the national and international bodies with an interest in the sport ITRA also evaluates the difficulty of specific ultramarathon routes according to a number of criteria such as the distance the cumulative elevation gain and the number of loops and stages ITRA maintains a calendar of ultra Trail running events Nutritional Demands of Ultra Marathons editUltra marathon running requires meticulous attention to nutrition for both training and racing In training daily caloric needs are influenced by factors like body weight training duration and terrain with carbohydrates comprising around 60 of the macronutrient distribution 172 Proper hydration is crucial In racing energy intake carbohydrate availability protein intake and strategies to offset dehydration are essential GI distress can be minimized by avoiding concentrated carbs and saturated fats with probiotics and prebiotics offering potential relief Runners should be cautious with supplements and medications avoiding NSAIDs and carefully managing caffeine intake Tailoring nutrition to individual factors is key for ultra marathon success See also edit nbsp Sport of athletics portalFastpacking Fell running List of ultramarathons Skyrunning Trail runningReferences edit a b The 27th Annual Sri Chinmoy Self Transcendence 3100 Mile Race 3100 Mile Race 3100 srichinmoyraces org Retrieved 22 October 2023 GOMU Global Organization of Multi Day Ultramarathoners World Championships www gomu org Retrieved 28 October 2023 World Athletics worldathletics org Retrieved 22 October 2023 a b Bedkowski Jacek Rankings amp Records IAU International Association of Ultrarunners Retrieved 22 October 2023 a b c d GOMU Global Organization of Multi Day Ultramarathoners Results amp Records www gomu org Retrieved 23 October 2023 DUV Ultra Marathon Statistics statistik d u v org Retrieved 4 October 2023 Spartathlon 28 August 2015 Istorika Stoixeia Spartathlon Ultra Race in Greek Retrieved 23 October 2023 Spartathlon Part 1 1982 The Birth Ultrarunning History 19 September 2021 Retrieved 23 October 2023 Holmes Katie 30 September 2022 Eleanor Adams and the first Spartathlon RunYoung50 Retrieved 23 October 2023 First Finishers of Western States 100 Trail on Foot 9 February 2022 Retrieved 23 October 2023 DUV Ultra Marathon Statistics statistik d u v org Retrieved 8 February 2024 Ultra Running Iaaf org Retrieved 23 November 2016 If the loop is less than 1 kilometre 0 62 mi run direction changes every 2 4 sometimes 6 hours Citation Needed Mark Halsey The race story MARATHON DES SABLES Site officiel www marathondessables com Retrieved 23 October 2023 About the race Grand to Grand Ultra 100 Kilometres Records Iaaf org Retrieved 5 October 2013 Bedkowski Jacek Rankings amp Records IAU International Association of Ultrarunners Retrieved 22 October 2023 a b GOMU Global Organization of Multi Day Ultramarathoners www gomu org Retrieved 22 October 2023 Vierdaagse Distance amp Rewards 4daagse nl Archived from the original on 7 November 2016 Retrieved 23 November 2016 Kanthor Rebecca 9 June 2021 Systemic problems in ultramarathon racing in China The World Retrieved 12 December 2023 Chase Adam 7 May 2021 UTMB is Teaming up with IRONMAN Will It Be the Ultra Starbuckization Outside Online Retrieved 28 October 2023 What Really Went Down in Whistler with the WAM Races Gary Robbins 26 October 2023 Retrieved 28 October 2023 IAU Rationale for Combining IAU World Best Performances into one List PDF USA Track amp Field Records usatf org IAU World Records Guidelines PDF International Association of Ultrarunners Retrieved 1 March 2022 Camille Herron American ultrarunner breaks own 100 mile women s world record BBC Sport 20 February 2022 Retrieved 1 March 2022 American Records ATRA Retrieved 12 December 2023 Soong Kelyn 18 November 2022 She ran a 100 mile world record A course error means it won t count Washington Post Retrieved 12 December 2023 Barber Eryn 2 December 2023 Japan s Miho Nakata Sets Women s 24 Hour World Record iRunFar Retrieved 12 December 2023 Powell Bryon 12 March 2024 Camille Herron Sets 6 Day World Record by Running 560 33 Miles at the 2024 lululemon FURTHER Event IRunFar Retrieved 13 March 2024 Lululemon further results page IAU Records International Association of Ultrarunners Retrieved 21 January 2024 IAU Final WBP and WABP Records 1000K 1000M IAU Championships Iau ultramarathon org Archived from the original on 27 February 2017 Retrieved 23 November 2016 Francis Anne 25 September 2019 10 of Al Howie s most mind boggling achievements in ultrarunning Canadian Running Magazine Retrieved 4 January 2023 Hicks Meghan Right on Pace An Interview With Aleksandr Sorokin About His World Record Setting Run at the 2022 Spartanion IRunFar Retrieved 27 March 2022 Potter Alex Aleksandr Sorokin 24 Hour World Record Holder Interview IRunFar Retrieved 27 March 2022 Hicks Meghan 5 February 2014 Ann Trason The Pioneer Returns iRunFar Retrieved 4 January 2023 Anna Frost ITRA Retrieved 24 September 2019 Borg Rene 19 November 2012 Arthur Newton old school running hero Champions Everywhere Retrieved 4 January 2023 Benton Emilia 27 June 2021 At Western States 100 Women Really Showed Up and Made History Women s Running Retrieved 22 March 2024 Beth Pascall fracasse le record du 100 km a l Ultra Trail Cape Town Distances in French 2 December 2019 Retrieved 22 March 2024 Snider McGrath Ben 28 April 2021 Zach Bitter takes USATF 100 mile crown Beth Pascall wins Canyons 100K in busy weekend 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Accident Runner s World Retrieved 1 March 2022 Hicks Meghan 25 March 2023 Camille Herron Sets 48 Hour Running World Record of 435 336 kilometers 270 505 miles IRunFar com Retrieved 7 April 2023 Hernando and Chaverot Ultra Champions Spain Czech Republic and Japan take the medals International Skyrunning Federation 24 July 2016 Retrieved 24 September 2019 Caroline Chaverot ITRA Retrieved 24 September 2019 Charlie Lawrence Sets World Record at the 50 Mile Distance Runner s World 13 November 2023 Retrieved 8 February 2024 Levene Abby 2 September 2023 Courtney Dauwalter Wins UTMB in Grand Finale to Historic Summer Trail Runner Magazine Retrieved 8 February 2024 Courtney Dauwalter Obliterates Western States 100 Course Record Runner s World 26 June 2023 Retrieved 8 February 2024 Courtney Dauwalter Obliterates Another 100 Mile Course Record Runner s World 16 July 2023 Retrieved 8 February 2024 Powell Bryon 25 February 2023 2023 Transgrancanaria Classic 128k Results Andreu Simon Wins Courtney Dauwalter Dominates iRunFar Retrieved 8 February 2024 Hall Damian 17 January 2019 Courting Success An Interview with Courtney Dauwalter iRunFar Retrieved 4 January 2023 Stott Adrian 7 September 2018 In Celebration and Memory of Don Ritchie a b Bedkowski Jacek 2023 IAU 24H World Championships Final Results IAU International Association of Ultrarunners in German Retrieved 8 February 2024 Francois D Haene ITRA Retrieved 24 September 2019 Sharman Ian 2013 Two Oceans Marathon Women s Preview No 28 March 2013 IRunFar com Retrieved 24 September 2019 Records Comrades Marathon Retrieved 24 September 2019 PRESS RELEASE Gerda Steyn wins fourth successive title while Givemore Mudzinganyama catches the big fish at Totalsports Two Oceans Marathon Two Oceans Marathon Retrieved 8 February 2024 Mock Justin 10 June 2019 This Week in Running June 10 2019 IRunFar com Retrieved 24 September 2019 2023 COMRADES MARATHON PROVISIONAL RESULTS Comrades Marathon www comrades com Retrieved 8 February 2024 Ida Nilsson ITRA Retrieved 24 September 2019 Ingle Sean 17 January 2019 Jasmin Paris becomes first woman to win 268 mile Montane Spine Race The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 22 March 2024 Dickinson Marley 16 March 2023 Jasmin Paris bows out of Barkley Marathons after four loops Canadian Running Magazine Retrieved 22 March 2024 grough Adam Perry posts third Fellsman win as Jasmin Paris sets new women s record www grough co uk Retrieved 22 March 2024 Brown Angie 23 March 2024 Jasmin Paris first woman to complete gruelling Barkley Marathons race BBC News Retrieved 23 March 2024 Jenny Hoffman Fastest Known Time fastestknowntime com 2 November 2023 Retrieved 28 February 2024 Metzler Brian 2 September 2023 Jim Walmsley Wins UTMB Breaks the U S Men s Curse Trail Runner Magazine Retrieved 8 February 2024 Cluff Jilli 23 April 2022 2022 Madeira Island Ultra Trail Results Event Records for Jim Walmsley and Courtney Dauwalter iRunFar Retrieved 8 February 2024 Geeks Only Western States 100 Mile 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6 March 2012 Retrieved 23 November 2016 Results The Fellsman Retrieved 22 March 2024 Ollie Garrod takes 40 mile world record Belgrave Harriers 21 March 2023 Retrieved 24 August 2023 Pole wins ultramarathon in Death Valley in record time PolandIn Retrieved 23 September 2019 This Week in Running October 2 2017 IRunFar com Retrieved 23 September 2019 This Week in Running January 29 2018 IRunFar com Retrieved 23 September 2019 IAU WOMEN RECORDS PDF Retrieved 17 February 2023 Pau Capell The North Face Ultra Runner The North Face Retrieved 16 July 2023 Pau Capell ITRA Retrieved 24 September 2019 Senseman Eric 4 November 2016 Pete Kostelnick 2016 Transcontinental Run Record Interview IRunFar com Retrieved 26 September 2019 Mock Justin 25 July 2016 This Week in Running July 25 2016 IRunFar com Retrieved 26 September 2019 Ragna Debats ITRA Retrieved 24 September 2019 a b c IAU 50 km Women amp Men PDF Iau ultramarathon org 14 May 2014 Retrieved 23 November 2016 a b Apotelesmata Spartathlon gr 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4087815276 日本一過酷な山岳レース トランスジャパンアルプスレース TJAR に密着したノンフィクション書籍 激走 日本アルプス大縦断 NHKスペシャル取材班 著 が 集英社より4月26日 金 に発売 株式会社 集英社 プレスリリース配信代行サービス ドリームニュース Dreamnews jp Retrieved 23 November 2016 RUNTRAIL editors RUN TRAIL vol 2 トレイルランレースをはじめよう ハセツネ UTMF完走法 SAN EI MOOK 22 Aug 2012 ISBN 978 4779615627 2013 Ultra Trail Mount Fuji Preview Irunfar com 24 April 2013 Retrieved 23 November 2016 Ultra Trail Mt Fuji UTMF The Japan Times Online Info japantimes co jp Retrieved 23 November 2016 Sabah Adventure Races Sabahadventurechallenge com Archived from the original on 3 October 2013 Retrieved 5 October 2013 Nepal events Trail Running Nepal Annapurna 100 annapurna100 com Retrieved 5 October 2013 Everest Ultra Everest Ultra 30 March 2013 Archived from the original on 13 October 2013 Retrieved 5 October 2013 Mongolia Sunrise to Sunset Ms2s org Retrieved 5 October 2013 The Gobi March 4 Deserts Official Website Endurance Sport Endurance Sport Archived from the original on 10 July 2017 Retrieved 23 November 2016 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Retrieved 23 November 2016 Reforestemos Patagonia 5 October 2013 Archived from the original on 5 October 2013 RAPA NUI GRAND TRAIL 80K 2013 ACTIVE com 27 October 2013 Archived from the original on 24 November 2016 Retrieved 23 November 2016 Attard Manuel 2023 Nutrition for Ultra Marathons Fueling Ultra Runners Manuel Attard Nutritionist amp Dietitian Retrieved 30 October 2023 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ultramarathon Official International Trail Running Association website RunUltra co uk Global ultramarathon calendar with reviews The history of ultrarunning Ultra running at IAAF web site ULTRAmarathonRunning com Global ultramarathon calendar UltraSignup global race list and signup site Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ultramarathon amp oldid 1215477978, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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