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Ulmus 'Scampstoniensis'

December 18, 2023

The elm cultivar Ulmus 'Scampstoniensis', the Scampston Elm or Scampston Weeping Elm, is said to have come from Scampston Hall, Yorkshire, England, before 1810.[1][2] Loudon opined that a tree of the same name at the Royal Horticultural Society's Garden in 1834, 18 feet (5.5 m) high at 8 years old "differed little from the species" (i.e. the smooth-leaved elm, his U. glabra [:Ulmus minor ]).[3] Henry described the tree, from a specimen growing in Victoria Park, Bath, as "a weeping form of U. nitens" [:Ulmus minor ]; however Green considered it "probably a form of Ulmus × hollandica".[4] Writing in 1831, Loudon said that the tree was supposed to have originated in America.[5] U. minor is not, however, an American species, so if the tree was brought from America, it must originally have been taken there from Europe. There was (and is) an 'American Plantation' (or 'America Plantation') at Scampston, which may be related to this supposition.[6] A number of old specimens of 'Scampstoniensis' in this plantation were blown down in a great gale of October 1881; younger specimens were still present at Scampston in 1911.[7]

Ulmus 'Scampstoniensis'
Scampston Elm aged 6 years, Wodenethe, New York (1859)
GenusUlmus
Cultivar'Scampstoniensis'
OriginEngland

Georg Dieck of the National Arboretum in Zöschen, Germany, considered 'Scampstoniensis' a synonym of Ulmus scabra Serpentina [see U. × hollandica 'Serpentina' ], a view rejected by Petzold, who in his Arboretum Muscaviense listed 'Scampstoniensis' separately,[8] and by the Hortus Botanicus Leiden, which had a specimen of 'Scampstoniensis' (see below). "From the Travemünder Nurseries we received an U. scampstoniensis, an elm with a beautiful pendulous shape," wrote Petzold, "that we distinguish from our U. montana Pendula."[9]

Description edit

'Scampstoniensis' was said to droop its branches very distinctly and regularly, giving the tree a symmetrical form, as though it had been regularly trained and trimmed, unlike 'Camperdownii', which had less of a tendency to regular drooping, and with less abundant foliage.[10] A 1911 article in 'Historical Notes of Rillington and Scampston' described 'Scampstoniensis' as "remarkable for its size when mature, for its spreading habit, and its rough corky bark".[7]

  •  
    Scampston Weeping Elm, a drawing of 1868

Pests and diseases edit

'Scampstoniensis' is not noted to have any resistance to Dutch elm disease.

Cultivation edit

 
A Scampston-like tree sold at Peterson Nursery, Chicago, 1909, as 'American Weeping Elm'

Loudon described the Scampston Elm, in a letter of 1836 to the Newcastle Courant, as "generally understood to have been extensively planted in Northumberland about 80 years ago".[11] The Scampston Elm was in cultivation on both sides of the Atlantic in the 19th century and was occasionally referred to as Ulmus americana pendula.[12][13] (Other European elms described as 'American' by various nurseries include 'Vegeta',[14] 'Lutescens',[15] and 'Nana'.[16]) The American horticulturalist Frank Jesup Scott in The Art of Beautifying Suburban Home Grounds of Small Extent (1870) described how two "Scampston elms" could be pruned and trained to form an archway of weeping elm.[17] "A weeping variety of the Scampston Elm" was described at the Royal Victoria Park, Bath, in 1857 and 1902, where was listed as U. montana Glabra [:'smooth'(-leaved)] microphylla pendula.[18][19] One tree was planted in 1896 as U. glabra scampstoniensis at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada.[20] Three specimens supplied by the Späth nursery of Berlin to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1902 as U. glabra [:'smooth'(-leaved)] Scampstoniensis may survive in Edinburgh, as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city (viz. the Wentworth Elm).[21][note 1][22] A specimen obtained from Späth before 1914 as U. glabra scampstoniensis, and planted in 1916, stood in the Ryston Hall arboretum, Norfolk,[23] in the early 20th century.[24] Elwes saw the decayed stump of the original tree at Scampston Hall, by which time (1913) the tree was no longer known to be in cultivation in nurseries in England.[2] 'Scampstoniensis' continued to be distributed by the Späth nursery and the Hesse Nursery of Weener, Germany, into the 1930s.[25][26]

Possibly only two specimens now survive in the UK, as grafted trees, in Brighton, England; see 'Notable trees' below. Another possible specimen stands in Fort Street, Cambridge, Waikato, New Zealand.[27]

Notable trees edit

A weeping elm in the Hortus Botanicus Leiden was described there by the curator in 1890 in a Sempervirens article as an Ulmus americana Pendula, one of the synonyms of 'Scampstoniensis'.[9] It was carefully distinguished by him from two forms of weeping wych elm nearby, and was said to produce, in addition, vigorous ascending branches that needed regular pruning to maintain a tidy weeping shape. Three weeping elms were later photographed in the Hortus c.1920,[28] two of them forms of weeping wych, the third a semi-weeping elm with smaller leaves and numerous long shoots, many ascending, that appears at one time to have been pruned: by process of elimination, the Ulmus americana Pendula ('Scampstoniensis') of the 1890 Sempervirens article.[29] The c.1920 tree, though mature, closely resembles the 1859 illustration of a young 'Scampstoniensis' in New York, while a 1931 Ulmus americana pendula herbarium specimen from Leiden matches the 1902 Späth 'Scampstoniensis' specimens held in RBGE (see 'External links'). The 1890 article had expressed doubts about the name Ulmus americana Pendula; the c.1920 photograph labels the tree U. scabra [our U. glabra] pendula, despite its differences from the two weeping wych clones. The herbarium of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden holds leaf specimens labelled "U. carpinifolia 'Pendula' (formerly called U. glabra Hudson 'Scampstoniensis')", from a tree in the Wageningen Arboretum.[30][31]

The possible UK TROBI Champions grow in Woodvale Cemetery, Brighton, perhaps planted in 1851; two grafted trees, survivors of some ten c.1980, measuring 26 m high by 73 cm d.b.h., and 22 m by 70 cm, in 2002. One of the two lost half its crown in a storm of 2016.[32] Their leaves are a good match for herbarium leaf-specimens of 'Scampstoniensis' (Späth) held in the RBGE, and their prolific long shoots match those of the Leiden tree. The cultivar does not, however, feature in the list of accessions of the National Elm Collection held by Brighton & Hove City Council [33]

  •  
    A heavily pruned semi-weeping elm in the Hortus Botanicus Leiden (c.1920), possibly the U. americana Pendula [:'Scampstoniensis'] of the 'Three Weeping Elms' article, 1890
  •  
    Woodvale Cemetery tree, Brighton (2005), showing prolific long shoots
  •  
    Leaves of Woodvale Cemetery tree, Brighton
  •  
    Long-shoot leaf-spray of same
  •  
    Underside
  •  
    Samarae of same
  •  
    Bole of same
  •  
    'Scampstoniensis' bark, above the graft line
  •  
    Pendulous branchlets

Synonymy edit

  • Ulmus glabra var. scampstoniensis: Kirchner[1], in Petzold[2] & Kirchner, Arboretum Muscaviense 560, 1864.
  • Ulmus americana pendula[13][12]
  • Ulmus montana pendula nova[34]


Accessions edit

North America edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ The current list of Living Accessions held in the Garden per se does not list the plant.

References edit

  1. ^ Bailey, John (1810). General View of the Agriculture of the County of Durham. Richard Phillips, Bridge-street. p. 186.
  2. ^ a b Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 7. p. 1894.
  3. ^ Loudon, John Claudius (1838). Arboretum et fruticetum Britannicum. Vol. 3. p. 1404.
  4. ^ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. 24 (6–8): 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
  5. ^ Loudon, John Claudius (1831). An Encyclopædia of Agriculture (2 ed.). p. 1160.
  6. ^ 'American Plantation' at Scampston (top left), ryedaleplan.org.uk
  7. ^ a b Stratford, W.T. (1911). Historical Notes of Rillington & Scampston. p. 60.
  8. ^ Petzold; Kirchner (1864). Arboretum Muscaviense. In Commission bei W . Opetz. p. 560.
  9. ^ a b "Drie Treur-Iepen (:'Three Weeping-elms')" (PDF). Sempervirens. Amsterdam. 47: 553–555. 21 Nov 1890.
  10. ^ "Drooping Deciduous Trees". The Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste. 22: 71. 1867.
  11. ^ Newcastle Courant, Sat. 12 Nov. 1836 (letter dated 29 Oct. 1836)
  12. ^ a b Winchelsea, C.C. (1910). "Weeping trees". The Gardeners' Magazine. 53: 501.
  13. ^ a b Anthony waterer's catalogue. 1880. p. 20.
  14. ^ Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum, 3: 1398, 1404
  15. ^ Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 7. p. 1868.
  16. ^ General catalogue, 1904 : choice hardy trees, shrubs, evergreens, roses, herbaceous plants, fruits, etc. New York: Frederick W. Kelsey. 1904. p. 18.
  17. ^ Scott, Frank J. (1870). Victorian gardens. [n.p.] D. Appleton & Co. pp. 128–129.
  18. ^ Hanham, F. (1857). A Manual for the Park (Royal Victoria Park, Bath). Longman, London.
  19. ^ Inman, T. Frederic (1905). "The Elm". Proceedings of the Bath Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club. 10: 37. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
  20. ^ Saunders, William; Macoun, William Tyrrell (1899). Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm (2 ed.). Ottawa. pp. 74–75.
  21. ^ Accessions book. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 1902. pp. 45, 47.
  22. ^ "List of Living Accessions: Ulmus". Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
  23. ^ rystonhall.co.uk/
  24. ^ Ryston Hall Arboretum catalogue. c. 1920. pp. 13–14.
  25. ^ Späth, Ludwig (1930). Späth-Buch, 1720-1930. Berlin: Self published. pp. 311–313, 351–352.
  26. ^ Hesse, Hermann Albert (1932). Preis- und Sortenliste. pp. 96–97. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  27. ^ Google Maps: Fort Street, Cambridge, Waikato - Google Maps (March 2013), accessdate: December 21, 2017
  28. ^ zeelandboek.nl
  29. ^ "Leiden, 1920, Zuid-Holland, Treurbomen. Groote treuriep (Ulmus Scabra Pendula) in den Hortus te Leiden".
  30. ^ "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853085". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
  31. ^ "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853087". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center.
  32. ^ Johnson, O. (2011). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland, p. 169. Kew Publishing, Kew, London. ISBN 9781842464526.
  33. ^ "List of plants in the {elm} collection". Brighton & Hove City Council. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
  34. ^ "Weeping trees". The Gardener's Weekly Magazine, and Floricultural Cabinet. 5: 341. 1863.

External links edit

December 18, 2023
ulmus, scampstoniensis, cultivar, scampston, scampston, weeping, said, have, come, from, scampston, hall, yorkshire, england, before, 1810, loudon, opined, that, tree, same, name, royal, horticultural, society, garden, 1834, feet, high, years, differed, little. The elm cultivar Ulmus Scampstoniensis the Scampston Elm or Scampston Weeping Elm is said to have come from Scampston Hall Yorkshire England before 1810 1 2 Loudon opined that a tree of the same name at the Royal Horticultural Society s Garden in 1834 18 feet 5 5 m high at 8 years old differed little from the species i e the smooth leaved elm his U glabra Ulmus minor 3 Henry described the tree from a specimen growing in Victoria Park Bath as a weeping form of U nitens Ulmus minor however Green considered it probably a form of Ulmus hollandica 4 Writing in 1831 Loudon said that the tree was supposed to have originated in America 5 U minor is not however an American species so if the tree was brought from America it must originally have been taken there from Europe There was and is an American Plantation or America Plantation at Scampston which may be related to this supposition 6 A number of old specimens of Scampstoniensis in this plantation were blown down in a great gale of October 1881 younger specimens were still present at Scampston in 1911 7 Ulmus Scampstoniensis Scampston Elm aged 6 years Wodenethe New York 1859 GenusUlmusCultivar Scampstoniensis OriginEnglandGeorg Dieck of the National Arboretum in Zoschen Germany considered Scampstoniensis a synonym of Ulmus scabra Serpentina see U hollandica Serpentina a view rejected by Petzold who in his Arboretum Muscaviense listed Scampstoniensis separately 8 and by the Hortus Botanicus Leiden which had a specimen of Scampstoniensis see below From the Travemunder Nurseries we received an U scampstoniensis an elm with a beautiful pendulous shape wrote Petzold that we distinguish from our U montana Pendula 9 Contents 1 Description 2 Pests and diseases 3 Cultivation 4 Notable trees 5 Synonymy 6 Accessions 6 1 North America 7 Notes 8 References 9 External linksDescription edit Scampstoniensis was said to droop its branches very distinctly and regularly giving the tree a symmetrical form as though it had been regularly trained and trimmed unlike Camperdownii which had less of a tendency to regular drooping and with less abundant foliage 10 A 1911 article in Historical Notes of Rillington and Scampston described Scampstoniensis as remarkable for its size when mature for its spreading habit and its rough corky bark 7 nbsp Scampston Weeping Elm a drawing of 1868Pests and diseases edit Scampstoniensis is not noted to have any resistance to Dutch elm disease Cultivation edit nbsp A Scampston like tree sold at Peterson Nursery Chicago 1909 as American Weeping Elm Loudon described the Scampston Elm in a letter of 1836 to the Newcastle Courant as generally understood to have been extensively planted in Northumberland about 80 years ago 11 The Scampston Elm was in cultivation on both sides of the Atlantic in the 19th century and was occasionally referred to as Ulmus americana pendula 12 13 Other European elms described as American by various nurseries include Vegeta 14 Lutescens 15 and Nana 16 The American horticulturalist Frank Jesup Scott in The Art of Beautifying Suburban Home Grounds of Small Extent 1870 described how two Scampston elms could be pruned and trained to form an archway of weeping elm 17 A weeping variety of the Scampston Elm was described at the Royal Victoria Park Bath in 1857 and 1902 where was listed as U montana Glabra smooth leaved microphylla pendula 18 19 One tree was planted in 1896 as U glabra scampstoniensis at the Dominion Arboretum Ottawa Canada 20 Three specimens supplied by the Spath nursery of Berlin to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1902 as U glabra smooth leaved Scampstoniensis may survive in Edinburgh as it was the practice of the Garden to distribute trees about the city viz the Wentworth Elm 21 note 1 22 A specimen obtained from Spath before 1914 as U glabra scampstoniensis and planted in 1916 stood in the Ryston Hall arboretum Norfolk 23 in the early 20th century 24 Elwes saw the decayed stump of the original tree at Scampston Hall by which time 1913 the tree was no longer known to be in cultivation in nurseries in England 2 Scampstoniensis continued to be distributed by the Spath nursery and the Hesse Nursery of Weener Germany into the 1930s 25 26 Possibly only two specimens now survive in the UK as grafted trees in Brighton England see Notable trees below Another possible specimen stands in Fort Street Cambridge Waikato New Zealand 27 Notable trees editA weeping elm in the Hortus Botanicus Leiden was described there by the curator in 1890 in a Sempervirens article as an Ulmus americana Pendula one of the synonyms of Scampstoniensis 9 It was carefully distinguished by him from two forms of weeping wych elm nearby and was said to produce in addition vigorous ascending branches that needed regular pruning to maintain a tidy weeping shape Three weeping elms were later photographed in the Hortus c 1920 28 two of them forms of weeping wych the third a semi weeping elm with smaller leaves and numerous long shoots many ascending that appears at one time to have been pruned by process of elimination the Ulmus americana Pendula Scampstoniensis of the 1890 Sempervirens article 29 The c 1920 tree though mature closely resembles the 1859 illustration of a young Scampstoniensis in New York while a 1931 Ulmus americana pendula herbarium specimen from Leiden matches the 1902 Spath Scampstoniensis specimens held in RBGE see External links The 1890 article had expressed doubts about the name Ulmus americana Pendula the c 1920 photograph labels the tree U scabra our U glabra pendula despite its differences from the two weeping wych clones The herbarium of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden holds leaf specimens labelled U carpinifolia Pendula formerly called U glabra Hudson Scampstoniensis from a tree in the Wageningen Arboretum 30 31 The possible UK TROBI Champions grow in Woodvale Cemetery Brighton perhaps planted in 1851 two grafted trees survivors of some ten c 1980 measuring 26 m high by 73 cm d b h and 22 m by 70 cm in 2002 One of the two lost half its crown in a storm of 2016 32 Their leaves are a good match for herbarium leaf specimens of Scampstoniensis Spath held in the RBGE and their prolific long shoots match those of the Leiden tree The cultivar does not however feature in the list of accessions of the National Elm Collection held by Brighton amp Hove City Council 33 nbsp A heavily pruned semi weeping elm in the Hortus Botanicus Leiden c 1920 possibly the U americana Pendula Scampstoniensis of the Three Weeping Elms article 1890 nbsp Woodvale Cemetery tree Brighton 2005 showing prolific long shoots nbsp Leaves of Woodvale Cemetery tree Brighton nbsp Long shoot leaf spray of same nbsp Underside nbsp Samarae of same nbsp Bole of same nbsp Scampstoniensis bark above the graft line nbsp Pendulous branchletsSynonymy editUlmus glabra var scampstoniensis Kirchner 1 in Petzold 2 amp Kirchner Arboretum Muscaviense 560 1864 Ulmus americana pendula 13 12 Ulmus montana pendula nova 34 Accessions editNorth America edit Dominion Arboretum Ottawa Canada Accession no 2594Notes edit The current list of Living Accessions held in the Garden per se does not list the plant References edit Bailey John 1810 General View of the Agriculture of the County of Durham Richard Phillips Bridge street p 186 a b Elwes Henry John Henry Augustine 1913 The Trees of Great Britain amp Ireland Vol 7 p 1894 Loudon John Claudius 1838 Arboretum et fruticetum Britannicum Vol 3 p 1404 Green Peter Shaw 1964 Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus Arnoldia Arnold Arboretum Harvard University 24 6 8 41 80 Retrieved 16 February 2017 Loudon John Claudius 1831 An Encyclopaedia of Agriculture 2 ed p 1160 American Plantation at Scampston top left ryedaleplan org uk a b Stratford W T 1911 Historical Notes of Rillington amp Scampston p 60 Petzold Kirchner 1864 Arboretum Muscaviense In Commission bei W Opetz p 560 a b Drie Treur Iepen Three Weeping elms PDF Sempervirens Amsterdam 47 553 555 21 Nov 1890 Drooping Deciduous Trees The Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste 22 71 1867 Newcastle Courant Sat 12 Nov 1836 letter dated 29 Oct 1836 a b Winchelsea C C 1910 Weeping trees The Gardeners Magazine 53 501 a b Anthony waterer s catalogue 1880 p 20 Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum 3 1398 1404 Elwes Henry John Henry Augustine 1913 The Trees of Great Britain amp Ireland Vol 7 p 1868 General catalogue 1904 choice hardy trees shrubs evergreens roses herbaceous plants fruits etc New York Frederick W Kelsey 1904 p 18 Scott Frank J 1870 Victorian gardens n p D Appleton amp Co pp 128 129 Hanham F 1857 A Manual for the Park Royal Victoria Park Bath Longman London Inman T Frederic 1905 The Elm Proceedings of the Bath Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club 10 37 Retrieved 19 August 2016 Saunders William Macoun William Tyrrell 1899 Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm 2 ed Ottawa pp 74 75 Accessions book Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 1902 pp 45 47 List of Living Accessions Ulmus Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Retrieved 21 September 2016 rystonhall co uk Ryston Hall Arboretum catalogue c 1920 pp 13 14 Spath Ludwig 1930 Spath Buch 1720 1930 Berlin Self published pp 311 313 351 352 Hesse Hermann Albert 1932 Preis und Sortenliste pp 96 97 Retrieved 18 January 2018 Google Maps Fort Street Cambridge Waikato Google Maps March 2013 accessdate December 21 2017 zeelandboek nl Leiden 1920 Zuid Holland Treurbomen Groote treuriep Ulmus Scabra Pendula in den Hortus te Leiden Herbarium specimen WAG 1853085 Botany catalogues Naturalis Biodiversity Center Herbarium specimen WAG 1853087 Botany catalogues Naturalis Biodiversity Center Johnson O 2011 Champion Trees of Britain amp Ireland p 169 Kew Publishing Kew London ISBN 9781842464526 List of plants in the elm collection Brighton amp Hove City Council Retrieved 23 September 2016 Weeping trees The Gardener s Weekly Magazine and Floricultural Cabinet 5 341 1863 External links edit Herbarium specimen L 1587177 Botany catalogues Naturalis Biodiversity Center Sheet labelled U americana pendula synonym of Scampstoniensis Hortus Leiden 1931 Herbarium specimen E00824864 Herbarium Catalogue Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Sheet labelled U glabra scampstoniensis from Spath nursery 1902 Herbarium specimen E00824865 Herbarium Catalogue Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Sheet labelled U glabra scampstoniensis from Spath nursery 1902 Herbarium specimen E00824866 Herbarium Catalogue Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Sheet labelled U glabra scampstoniensis from Spath nursery 1902 Herbarium specimen E00824739 Herbarium Catalogue Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Sheet labelled U americana pendula synonym of Scampstoniensis Hort Audibert Kew Gardens specimen Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ulmus 27Scampstoniensis 27 amp oldid 1155720117, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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