Baho Nugaaled
The Baho Nugaaleed (Somali: Baho Nugaaleed, Arabic: باهو نوغال), is a division of Somali clan that is part of the Dhulbahante clan-family.[1][2][3] The primary homeland of these clans include the regions of Sool and Togdheer in Somaliland,[4][5][6] the Lower Juba region in Somalia and the Dollo Zone in Ethiopia. The Bah Nugaaleed are composed of three major sub-groups in accordance with their locality in the SSCD regions. These groups are Qayaad, the Ugaasyo, the Reer Aymeed and Reer Oodeed (including Qayaad).[7][8]
Baho Nugaaleed بهو نوغال | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Languages | |
| Somali, Arabic, English | |
| Religion | |
| Islam (Sunni) | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Farah Garad, Mohamoud Garad, and other Darod groups |
The primary purpose of the confederation is to balance the political weight of the Farah Garad and Mohamoud Garad. Beyond this the various sub-clans that enumerate under the confederation do not necessarily share any exclusive clan allegiances.
Members of the clan confederation have a significant presences in the cities of Las Anod, Buuhoodle, Garowe and Kismayo.[9]
Bah Nugaal subclans Edit
Reer Aymeed Edit
The Reer Aymeed subclans of Bah Nugaaleed are distinguished by their tendency of usage of boqor and suldaan for clan chieftains; they include the Hayaag whom settle in Ceegaag, the non-Dudub Khalid subclans of bah Nugaaleed whom settle in Sooljoogto, and the Yaxye in Goljano and Qayder.[10] Among other Dhulbahante clans, warriors from the Baho Nugaaleed segments of the Dhulbahante were constituents of the large and prestigious Shiikhyaale division of the Dervish Movement. The Hassan Ugaas and Qayaad which constitute the two largest sub-clans of the major Dhulbahante division of Baho Nugaaleed made their name as one of the most ardent fighters for the movement. Western colonial figures such as Eric Swayne likewise commented on the ardent nature in support of the Dervishes by the Baho Nugaaleed Dhulbahante, spelling the Qayaad clan as "kayat":[11]
The Yaxye or Yahye sub-clan of Baho Nugaaleed constituted one of the four constituents of Golaweyne. Bohol Warabe, which was traditionally a Hamud Ugaas town, hosted a base for the Burcadde-godwein subdivision of Dervishes. The Muuse subclans of Baho Nugaaleed which include Ebirar and others is where the founders of the Salixiya sect among Somalis hails from, including figures such as Ali Nayroobi and Sheikh Ismail Ishaaq Urwayni and others. This spiritual backdrop would later form the basis of the Maxkamadaha Darawiishta (Dervish legal courts) in 1895 and the hundreds of muqaddims learnt in its ways. [12]
People Edit
- Galaydh Cabdi Ismaaciil, member of haroun; was of Hayaag clan
Reer Oodeed Edit
The Reer Oodeed are the Baho Nugaaleed Dhulbahante subclans who are based in intersecting territories of the central Ciid region. These include Qayaad and the Dudub subclans of Khalid, the Ebirar and Tuuryar whom once jointly proposed a stipend during the Somali British Military Administration. Their modern traditional clan chief is Ali Burale.[13] British generals glorified and hailed the decimation and carnage inflicted upon the Reer Oodeed, specifically, the Qayaad clan by the British colonial army on account of them being Dervishes, with Qayaad spelled as Kayat:[11]
It is a fortunate thing that the Kayat tribe, which most strongly supported him, appears to have suffered the severest losses.
— Eric Swayne
The Qayaad were also implicated in an attack on a barracks commanded by British general Malcolm Mcneill and were among 600 casualties laying in its surroundings:[14]
he could not have lost less than 600 men killed and wounded. It was also clear that the Kayat, Adan Madoba, Rer Hagar, Ali Gheri, Jama Siad, Nur Ahmed, and Mijjarten tribes were all implicated in the attack on the zariba, as was evidenced by the bodies of men actually shot, and by wounded men
— Malcolm McNeill
Groups Edit
Fighters in the following Dervish military divisions predominantly belong to the Baho Nugaaleed segments of the Dhulbahante:
- Indhabadan, a Dervish administrative division which was half Baho Nugaaleed, specifically Qayaad
- Bah Udgoon, a Dervish administrative division which was primarily Baho Nugaaleed, specifically Qayaad
People Edit
- Axmed Aarey, Dervish artillery commander whose barrage abetted the death of Richard Corfield
- Ibraahin Xoorane, Dervish commander who killed Richard Corfield
- Faarax Qarshe, commander of Bah Udgoon
Ugaasyo Edit
According to I.M Lewis, the Baho Nugaaleed subclans suffixed with Ugaas, namely Hassan Ugaas, Hussein Ugaas, Mohamud Ugaas and Hamoud Ugaas traditionally formed a political confederation called Bah Ugaas, colloquially referred to as Ugaasyo, and they traditionally inhabit the easternmost parts of Ciid:[15]
and Husseen Ugaas (E8) lineages (of which the first is the strongest) are joined in a loose political alliance, putatively on a uterine basis, as the Bah Ugaas and opposed as a unit to each of their more powerful collaterals
— IM Lewis
The Hussein Ugaas Shirshore clan was hosting many of the battles of the second expedition, which partially occurred in their previous homelands in the southeastern Ciid region, contemporarily called the Geland district. However, Hussein Ugaas Shirshore clan members largely migrated to Waamo and Jubaland in the wake of the Eric Swayne expedition espoused by James Hayes Sadler. According to the British War Office, the Hassan Ugaas was one of the clans exiled towards Illig (Eyl) on account of them being Darawiish during Eric Swayne's second expedition:
and Moving vid Kallis, the column attacked the Nur Ahmed and Hassan Ugaz tribes at Hareyelahu, and drove them in the direction of Illig, capturing 41 ponies
— British War Office
Jama Ismail Dhoon, a Dervish muqaddim reporting on the extreme violence of the second expedition in these lands, reported on a battle between a British commander and Maxamuud Dheri, stating:[16]
intuu hoosta ka soo galay ayuu seeftii madaxa kaga gooyey...Labadayada indhood waxaan ka qaaday isagoo Darwiishkaasii madaxii gaalka wata oo uu luqunta faraskiisa ka laalaado, isaguna ku joogo | as he approached and neared, his head was sliced clean off... The last I saw of this confrontation was seeing this Darwiish (i.e. Dheri) carrying the colonist officers' head, hanging it from his horse's neck, whilst he himself was sat on it (the horse) |
Groups Edit
- Burcadde-godwein, a Dervish administrative division based in the Hamud Ugaas town of Bohol Warabe, Hamud Ugas being an Ugaasyo Dhulbahante subclan.[17]
People Edit
- Aw Abdille Ibrahim, a member of the Dervish Haroun, of the Hassan Ugaas
- Faarax Baqardhe, a member of the Haroun (Dervish government); was of the Hamud Ugaas, an Ugaasyo Dhulbahante clan
- Axamed Aadan Surgo, a member of the Haroun (Dervish government); was of the Hassan Ugaas, an Ugaasyo Dhulbahante clan
- Xaashi Chatami, mentioned in Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list
- Liban Dugarri, Hamud Ugaas, mentioned in Geoffrey Archer's 1916 important members of Darawiish haroun list
Notable figures Edit
Leaders Edit
- Mohamed Abdi Hashi, President of Puntland, October 2004 - January 2005
- Faarax Qarshe, Dervish governor of Bah Udgoon
Enterprisers Edit
- Aw Jama Omar Issa, Somali scholar, historian and collector of oral literature of Somalia. He wrote the first authoritative study of Dervishes.
- Saado Ali Warsame, singer-songwriter and former MP in the Federal Parliament of Somalia
Politicians Edit
- Ahmed Gacmayare, former Information Minister for Khaatumo State.
- Abdirahman Mohamed Abdi Hashi, Former Somali Minister of Fisheries.
- Mohamed Isse Lacle, Colonel in the Somali Navy and Former Deputy Minister of Ministry of Ports in Somaliland.
- Mohamoud Diriye Abdi Joof, former Khaatumo Minister.
Commanders Edit
- Axmed Aarey, Dervish artillery commander whose barrage abetted the death of Richard Corfield
- Ibraahin Xoorane, Dervish commander who killed Richard Corfield
- Faarax Qarshe, commander of Bah Udgoon
References Edit
- ^ "Somalia: Puntland's Punted Polls" (PDF). International Crisis Group (Policy Briefing): 19. 19 December 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ Mohamoud, Omar; Mohamed, Farah (13 October 2017). "High stakes for Somaliland's presidential elections" (PDF). Institute for Security Studies: 9. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
- ^ "The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland" (PDF). Institute for Security Studies: 10.
- ^ Hohne, Markus V. (2006). "Political identity, emerging state structures and conflict in northern Somalia". Journal of Modern African Studies. 44 (3): 405. doi:10.1017/S0022278X06001820. S2CID 54173895.
- ^ (PDF). Horn of Africa Bulletin. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
- ^ International Crisis Group. "Somaliland: The Strains of Success" (PDF): 4. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Bryden, Matt. "Report on Mission to Haud Area (REGION 5)". UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
- ^ Raeymaekers, Timothy (27 Aug 2013). Violence on the Margins: States, Conflict, and Borderlands. Springer. p. 69. ISBN 9781137333995. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
- ^ Hoehne, Markus V. (2015). Between Somaliland and Puntland: Marginalization, Militarization and Conflicting Political Vision (PDF). Rift Valley Institute. p. 38.
- ^ (1961), IM Lewis
- ^ a b Sessional Papers - Volume 69 - Page 7
- ^ Abokor Seed, 1973, diiwaanka gabayadii
- ^ Hoehne, Markus V. (2015). Between Somaliland and Puntland: Marginalization, Militarization and Conflicting Political Vision. Rift Valley Institute.
- ^ Great Britain. War Office. General Staff. 1907, PAGE 73
- ^ Force and Fission in Northern Somali Lineage Structure, IM Lewis, 1961
- ^ Essa, Jama Omar (1976). Taariikhdii Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan (1895-1921). Wasaaradda Hiddaha iyo Tacliinta Sare. p. 90. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
- ^ Essa, Jama Omar (1976). Taariikhdii Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan (1895-1921). Wasaaradda Hiddaha iyo Tacliinta Sare. p. 173. Retrieved 28 May 2021.