Sool is disputed by Somaliland and Puntland. The former basis its claim on the British Somaliland protectorate borders, and the later on the territory inhabited by the Harti clan that established the state in 1998.[16]: 36 Khatumo State and its predecessor SSC Movement which rejected both claims also made attempts to establish a separate administration in the region.
In 2003, Puntland sent troops to Las Anod under the pretext of conflict mediation and occupied it outright.[16]: 63 Somaliland and Puntland were in conflict west of Las Anod. In 2007, Somaliland took military control of Las Anod. Somaliland and Puntland were in conflict near Tukaraq.[16]: 68 In 2018, the Somaliland army captured Tukaraq.[17] In April 2019, the Somaliland army took control of Taleh.[18] In May 2022 Somaliland captured Bo'ame, the last town in the region outside of Somaliland control.[19]
Due to the prolonged conflict between Somaliland and Puntland, many Dhulbahante and Warsangeli living in the region do not recognize the Sool region and eastern Sanaag, as either Somaliland or Puntland.[20]
History
British Somaliland district boundaries from 1944.[21]
From 1944 to 1974, the Sool region was formerly Las Anod district. It was one of three districts under British protection. The other two districts were the Burao and hargeysa districts.[22]
In 1974 most Sool was part of the larger Nugaal region, with its capital at Garowe. It was established as a separate region in 1984 with its capital at Las Anod.[23]
"The residents of Sool overwhelmingly hail from a single clan grouping in the form of the Dhulbahante [...]. Sool boasts a degree of kinship homogeneity that is rare even in the Somali Horn".[28]
The Habr Je'lo clan of the Isaaq clan-family make up the vast majority of the population in western Sool, including the region's second largest town Aynaba,[29] as well as the wider Aynaba District.[30]
^"Somalia country profile". BBC. 1 February 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
^"Sool Governor Abdikarim Adan Haji Diriye in yagoori conference".
^"Gudomiyaha Gobalka sool Abdikarin Haji Diiriye koormeray taliska sool".
^"Population Estimation Survey 2013" (PDF). Federal Republic of Somalia. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
^"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
^UNSOM (22 June 2022). "Catching up on human rights needs in Sool and Sanaag after four years". Retrieved 9 January 2023.
^"Detailed Site Assessment (DSA): Sool region, Somalia (March 2022)". reliefweb.int. 20 April 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
^"Completed Project". www.eth.mpg.de. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
^"Are Somaliland, Puntland ready for war over land?". The East African. 6 July 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
^"Somalia: No elections in disputed regions, Puntland says - Somalia". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
^"Averting War in Northern Somalia". Crisis Group. 27 June 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
^Mahmood, Omar S. (1 November 2019). "Overlapping Claims by Somaliland and Puntland: The Case of Sool and Sanaag". Africa Portal. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
^ISSAfrica.org (9 December 2019). "The various layers to the Somaliland-Puntland discord". ISS Africa. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
^"BFA Staatendokumentation/ Andreas Tiwald, Analyse zu Somalia - Lagekarten zur Sicherheitslage". Austrian Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum: 8. 12 October 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
^"EASO Country of Origin Information: Report Somalia Security Situation" (PDF). European Asylum Support Office: 74. February 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
^ abcMarkus Virgil Hoehne (2015). "Between Somaliland and Puntland" (PDF). Retrieved 22 August 2021.
^"Somalia: Puntland and Somaliland forces clash in Tukaraq". crisis24.garda.com. 25 May 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
^"Somaliland Oo Xoog Kula Wareegtay Degmada Taleex Ee Gobolka Sool". mareeg.com. 4 April 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
^Office, News (18 May 2022). "Ciidamada Somaliland oo qabsaday degmada Boocame ee Gobolka Sool". Puntland Post. Retrieved 13 June 2022. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
^Ahmed M. Musa (2021). "Lasanod: City at the margins" (PDF). p. 14. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
^"Development map, roads, 1944". Library of Congress. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
^"Development map, roads, 1944". Library of Congress. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
^"Somalia (1988)". CIA. December 1988. Retrieved 21 February 2007.
^"The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland" (PDF). Institute for Security Studies: 10.
^Hohne, Markus V. (2006). "Political identity, emerging state structures and conflict in northern Somalia". Journal of Modern African Studies. 44 (3): 405. doi:10.1017/S0022278X06001820. S2CID 54173895.
^"Somaliland vs. Puntland over the future of Somalia" (PDF). Horn of Africa Bulletin. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
^International Crisis Group. "Somaliland: The Strains of Success" (PDF): 4. Retrieved 20 September 2019. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Walls, Michael. "Sool Region: sovereign ambiguity vs a geopolitical system of nation-states?". Africa Research Institute. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
^Renders, Marleen (2012). Consider Somaliland : state-building with traditional leaders and institutions. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN978-90-04-22254-0. OCLC 775301944. Eastern Sanaag and Sool had not been Egal's priority. The president did not strictly need these regions to be under his military control in order to preserve and consolidate his position politically or in terms of resources.
^"EASO Country of Origin Information Report - Somalia Security Situation" (PDF). February 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^"EASO Country of Origin Information: Report Somalia Security Situation" (PDF). European Asylum Support Office: 74. February 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
^Walls, Michael. "Sool Region: sovereign ambiguity vs a geopolitical system of nation-states?". Africa Research Institute. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
^"Somaliland vs. Puntland over the future of Somalia" (PDF). Horn of Africa Bulletin. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
^"The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland" (PDF). Institute for Security Studies: 10.
^Höhne, Markus Virgil (2015). Between Somaliland and Puntland : marginalization, militarization and conflicting political vision. London. p. 99. ISBN978-1-907431-13-5. OCLC 976483444.
^Political Orientations and Repertoires of Identification: State and Identity Formation in Northern Somalia, 2011, Markus Hoehne, p. 285, "Schlee (1994 [1989]: 223) confirmed that... Fiqishiini ’."
^"Waqtiga Celeema saarka Sultaanka Beesha FIQISHINI oo la shaaciyey". halgan.net. 11 May 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
^"Qaban-Qaabada Suldaanka Beesha Fiqishini Oo Laga Dareemayo Degmada Laascaanood Iyo Wufuud Kusii Qulqulaysa Adhicadeeye". laascaanood.com. 17 May 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2021.
sool, somali, arabic, صول, administrative, region, gobol, south, eastern, somaliland, north, western, somalia, borders, togdheer, west, sanaag, north, ethiopia, south, nugal, bari, east, capital, city, anod, region, disputed, self, declared, republic, somalila. Sool Somali Sool Arabic صول is an administrative region gobol in south eastern Somaliland 6 north western Somalia 7 It borders Togdheer to the west Sanaag to the north Ethiopia to the south and Nugal Bari to the east Its capital city is Las Anod The region is disputed by the self declared Republic of Somaliland and Puntland a Federal Member State of Somalia 8 9 10 11 12 13 The region is partially controlled by both polities 14 15 Sool Sool Somali صول Arabic RegionDervish fort in Taleh Location in SomalilandCountry Somaliland 1 Administrative centreLas AnodGovernment Governor disputed January 2023Abdikarim Adan Haji Diriye 2 3 Area Total39 240 km2 15 150 sq mi Population 2014 Total767 428 4 Time zoneUTC 3 EAT HDI 2017 0 327 5 low 4th Contents 1 Territorial dispute 2 History 3 Demographics 4 Districts 5 Villages 6 Map 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksTerritorial disputeMain article Somaliland Puntland dispute Sool is disputed by Somaliland and Puntland The former basis its claim on the British Somaliland protectorate borders and the later on the territory inhabited by the Harti clan that established the state in 1998 16 36 Khatumo State and its predecessor SSC Movement which rejected both claims also made attempts to establish a separate administration in the region In 2003 Puntland sent troops to Las Anod under the pretext of conflict mediation and occupied it outright 16 63 Somaliland and Puntland were in conflict west of Las Anod In 2007 Somaliland took military control of Las Anod Somaliland and Puntland were in conflict near Tukaraq 16 68 In 2018 the Somaliland army captured Tukaraq 17 In April 2019 the Somaliland army took control of Taleh 18 In May 2022 Somaliland captured Bo ame the last town in the region outside of Somaliland control 19 Due to the prolonged conflict between Somaliland and Puntland many Dhulbahante and Warsangeli living in the region do not recognize the Sool region and eastern Sanaag as either Somaliland or Puntland 20 History British Somaliland district boundaries from 1944 21 From 1944 to 1974 the Sool region was formerly Las Anod district It was one of three districts under British protection The other two districts were the Burao and hargeysa districts 22 In 1974 most Sool was part of the larger Nugaal region with its capital at Garowe It was established as a separate region in 1984 with its capital at Las Anod 23 Demographics Ad Ay Bad Bar Be Boa Boh Ce Da Dha Dhu Fa Gam Gau Gdl Gdh Gow Gu Hab Had Hal Hu Kal Kgo Kar La Oo Qd Ql Sah Sar Ta Tu Tu Wad War Yaclass notpageimage City Town Village in Sool Ad Adhi adeye Ay Aynaba Bad Badweyn Bar Baran Be Berkad Ali Hersi Boa Bo ame Boh Bohol Ce Ceeldhaab Da Darantaleh Dha Dharkayn Geenyo Dhu Dhummay Fa Fardhidin Gam Gambadhe Gau Gaulo Gdl Godaalo Gdh Godheeli Gow Gowsaweyne Gu Guumays Hab Habariheshay Had Hadhwanaag Hal Halin Hu Hudun Kal Kalabaydh Kgo Karin gorfood Kar Karindabaylweyn La Las Anod Oo Oog Qd Qoridheere Ql Qoriley Sah Sahdheer Sar Sarmaanyo Ta Taleh Tu Tuulo Samakaab Tu Tukaraq Wad Wadamago War War Idaad Ya Yagori The Sool region is almost exclusively inhabited by Dhulbahante 24 25 26 27 Michael Walls reports The residents of Sool overwhelmingly hail from a single clan grouping in the form of the Dhulbahante Sool boasts a degree of kinship homogeneity that is rare even in the Somali Horn 28 The Habr Je lo clan of the Isaaq clan family make up the vast majority of the population in western Sool including the region s second largest town Aynaba 29 as well as the wider Aynaba District 30 The Habr Yunis sub division of the Garhajis Isaaq also inhabit the western parts of Hudun and Las Anod districts in northern Sool 31 The Dhulbahante sub division of the Harti Darod clan primarily inhabits the Taleh eastern Hudun and Las Anod districts in eastern Sool 32 33 34 The Fiqishini sub clan of the Habar Gidir Hawiye 35 integrated into Baho Nugaaled Dhulbahante 36 inhabit the area around Adhi adeye 37 38 DistrictsThe Sool region consists of 4 districts 39 District Grade Capital Comments LocationLas Anod A Las Anod Regional capital Aynabo B Aynabo Hudun C Hudun Taleh B Taleh VillagesKarindabaylweynMapMap of Sool Region See alsoAdministrative divisions of Somaliland Regions of Somaliland Districts of Somaliland Somalia Somaliland border Somaliland portalReferences Somalia country profile BBC 1 February 2023 Retrieved 4 February 2023 Sool Governor Abdikarim Adan Haji Diriye in yagoori conference Gudomiyaha Gobalka sool Abdikarin Haji Diiriye koormeray taliska sool Population Estimation Survey 2013 PDF Federal Republic of Somalia Retrieved 21 November 2022 Sub national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab hdi globaldatalab org Retrieved 13 September 2018 UNSOM 22 June 2022 Catching up on human rights needs in Sool and Sanaag after four years Retrieved 9 January 2023 Detailed Site Assessment DSA Sool region Somalia March 2022 reliefweb int 20 April 2022 Retrieved 7 December 2022 Completed Project www eth mpg de Retrieved 19 March 2022 Are Somaliland Puntland ready for war over land The East African 6 July 2020 Retrieved 19 March 2022 Somalia No elections in disputed regions Puntland says Somalia ReliefWeb Retrieved 19 March 2022 Averting War in Northern Somalia Crisis Group 27 June 2018 Retrieved 19 March 2022 Mahmood Omar S 1 November 2019 Overlapping Claims by Somaliland and Puntland The Case of Sool and Sanaag Africa Portal Retrieved 19 March 2022 ISSAfrica org 9 December 2019 The various layers to the Somaliland Puntland discord ISS Africa Retrieved 19 March 2022 BFA Staatendokumentation Andreas Tiwald Analyse zu Somalia Lagekarten zur Sicherheitslage Austrian Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum 8 12 October 2015 Retrieved 15 June 2021 EASO Country of Origin Information Report Somalia Security Situation PDF European Asylum Support Office 74 February 2016 Retrieved 15 June 2021 a b c Markus Virgil Hoehne 2015 Between Somaliland and Puntland PDF Retrieved 22 August 2021 Somalia Puntland and Somaliland forces clash in Tukaraq crisis24 garda com 25 May 2018 Retrieved 31 July 2021 Somaliland Oo Xoog Kula Wareegtay Degmada Taleex Ee Gobolka Sool mareeg com 4 April 2019 Retrieved 16 May 2021 Office News 18 May 2022 Ciidamada Somaliland oo qabsaday degmada Boocame ee Gobolka Sool Puntland Post Retrieved 13 June 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a first has generic name help Ahmed M Musa 2021 Lasanod City at the margins PDF p 14 Retrieved 28 November 2021 Development map roads 1944 Library of Congress Retrieved 17 March 2022 Development map roads 1944 Library of Congress Retrieved 17 March 2022 Somalia 1988 CIA December 1988 Retrieved 21 February 2007 The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland PDF Institute for Security Studies 10 Hohne Markus V 2006 Political identity emerging state structures and conflict in northern Somalia Journal of Modern African Studies 44 3 405 doi 10 1017 S0022278X06001820 S2CID 54173895 Somaliland vs Puntland over the future of Somalia PDF Horn of Africa Bulletin Retrieved 20 September 2019 International Crisis Group Somaliland The Strains of Success PDF 4 Retrieved 20 September 2019 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Walls Michael Sool Region sovereign ambiguity vs a geopolitical system of nation states Africa Research Institute Retrieved 20 September 2019 Renders Marleen 2012 Consider Somaliland state building with traditional leaders and institutions Leiden BRILL ISBN 978 90 04 22254 0 OCLC 775301944 Eastern Sanaag and Sool had not been Egal s priority The president did not strictly need these regions to be under his military control in order to preserve and consolidate his position politically or in terms of resources EASO Country of Origin Information Report Somalia Security Situation PDF February 2016 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link EASO Country of Origin Information Report Somalia Security Situation PDF European Asylum Support Office 74 February 2016 Retrieved 15 June 2021 Walls Michael Sool Region sovereign ambiguity vs a geopolitical system of nation states Africa Research Institute Retrieved 20 September 2019 Somaliland vs Puntland over the future of Somalia PDF Horn of Africa Bulletin Retrieved 20 September 2019 The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland PDF Institute for Security Studies 10 Hohne Markus Virgil 2015 Between Somaliland and Puntland marginalization militarization and conflicting political vision London p 99 ISBN 978 1 907431 13 5 OCLC 976483444 Political Orientations and Repertoires of Identification State and Identity Formation in Northern Somalia 2011 Markus Hoehne p 285 Schlee 1994 1989 223 confirmed that Fiqishiini Waqtiga Celeema saarka Sultaanka Beesha FIQISHINI oo la shaaciyey halgan net 11 May 2016 Retrieved 25 July 2021 Qaban Qaabada Suldaanka Beesha Fiqishini Oo Laga Dareemayo Degmada Laascaanood Iyo Wufuud Kusii Qulqulaysa Adhicadeeye laascaanood com 17 May 2016 Retrieved 25 July 2021 Sool Region PDF Retrieved 30 December 2013 External linksAdministrative map of SoolCoordinates 8 23 46 N 47 41 29 E 8 39611 N 47 69139 E 8 39611 47 69139 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sool amp oldid 1140251963, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
