The Uddin and Begum Hindustani Romanization scheme is an international standard for romanising (transliterating into the Latin alphabet) Urdu and Hindi (sometimes jointly referred to as the Hindustani language, particularly in the era of British India). Syed Fasih Uddin and Quader Unissa Begum presented the scheme in 1992, at the First International Urdu Conference in Chicago.[1]
Uddin and Begum based their scheme on the work[which?] that John Borthwick Gilchrist and others began at Fort William College in Calcutta more than a century earlier. Gilchrist's romanisation system became the de facto standard for romanised Hindustani during the late 19th century.
Uddin and Begum attempted to improve on, and modernize, Gilchrist's system in a number of ways. For example, in the Uddin and Begum scheme, Urdu and Hindi characters correspond one-to-one. Also, diacritics indicate vowelphonics, whereas in the Gilchrist system the reader must infer vowel pronunciation from context. To facilitate Urdu and Hindustani romanisation in a much wider range of computer software, Uddin and Begum limited their character set to the common ASCII standard.
MIS Urdu - Hindustani Language Letters of Alphabet
Lower Case Characters
Upper Case Characters
Character Name
1
a a'
A A'
Alif
2
b
B
Be
3
c_h
C_H
C_Hi'm
4
d
D
Dal
5
d^
D^
D^a'l
6
e
E
Ye
7
f
F
Fe
8
g
G
Ga'f
9
g_h
G_H
G_Hain
10
h
H
He
11
i i'
I I'
Yi
12
j j'
J J'
Ji'm
13
k
K
Ka'f
14
k_h
K_H
K_Hae
15
l
L
La'm
16
m
M
Mi'm
17
n (n)
N (N)
Nu'n
18
o
O
Ow
19
p
P
Pe
20
q
Q
Qha'f
21
r
R
Re
22
r^
R^
R^ae
23
s
S
Se
24
s_h
S_H
S_Hin
25
t
T
TeAlif
26
t^
T
T^e
27
u u'
U U'
Ou
28
w
W
Wa'o
29
y
Y
Ya
30
z
Z
Ze
Notes:
^ is the hard sound. (representing with the caret)
_h _H is the guttural sound.(representing with the Under Score)
’ is the long vowel sound. (representing with the Apostrophe)
(n) (N) is the nasal sound of Nu'n, when if follows a long vowel and when sometimes used at the end of a word. (representing by enclosing it in The Parenthesis)
~ Gemination, which is the inter-junction of two vowels, with the first vowel casting a shadow on the second vowel.
Vowels
Short vowels
a A
Sounds like English u in but, shut.
In Urdu: ab, adab, agar, ahmaq, kam.
i I
Sounds like English i in bit, hit.
In Urdu: kari, giri, ajnabi, bha'i.
u U
Sounds like English u in pull, bull.
In Urdu: Urdu, uda's, umda, ungli.
Note: In traditional Urdu script these vowels sounds are not represented by any letters of alphabet. They are often omitted or sometimes represented by signs which are added to consonants and are termed "Eara'bs". "Eara'bs" representing short vowels are "zabar", "zaer" and "paesh".
Long vowels
a' A'
Sounds like English "a" in far, father.
In Urdu: a'ba'di, a'g, a'fat, a'm, ka'm.
i' I'
Sounds like English "ea" in heat, seat.
In Urdu: i'nt^.
u' U'
Sounds like English "oo" in tool, soon.
In Urdu: bu'nd, bhu'k, ju'ta, jhu't^.
Neutral vowels
Urdu has three neutral vowels, which are without long or short form.
e E
Sounds like English "ay" in hay, lay.
In Urdu: la'e, ga'e, c_ha'e, pic_he, pic_hhle.
o O
Sounds like English "o" in old, own.
In Urdu: os, ko, or^hna, roz, afsosna'k.
y Y
Sounds like English "y" in yard, young.
In Urdu: ya'r, ya'd, yaqin ha~ey.
Compound vowels
A~i A~I
In Urdu: a~isa, a~ina
A~u A~U
In Urdu: a~urat
A~y A~Y
In Urdu: a~ya, a~yanda
Double vowels
Inter-junction of two vowels, with the first vowel casting a shadow on the second vowel. The two vowels are separated by a ~ Tilde. The following examples illustrates the case of double vowels. In traditional notations this is referred as HUMZA.
Is the nasal sound of Nu'n, when if follows a long vowel and when sometimes used at the end of a word. (representing by enclosing in The Parenthesis). The following examples illustrates the case of Nasal Nu'n. In traditional notations this is referred as Nu'n-e-g_huna.
Ma(n) Ha(n) De(n) Me(n) Ha,e(n) Tihe(n) Hu(n)
Consonants
Sounds from Sanskrit-derived words
Sanskrit-based words in Urdu have the following typical vernacular compound sounds:
bh c_hh dh d^h gh jh kh ph r^h th t^h
Sounds from Persian-derived words
Persian-based words in Urdu have the following typical vernacular sounds:
C_Hi'm Ga'f Pe
Sounds from Arabic-derived words
Arabic-derived words in Urdu that have the following typical vernacular sounds:
^Syed Fasih Uddin and Quader Unissa Begum (1992). The Modern International Standard Letters of Alphabet for URDU - (HINDUSTANI) - The INDIAN Language, script for the purposes of hand written communication, dictionary references, published material and Computerized Linguistic Communications (CLC). Chicago.
May 19, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Uddin and Begum Hindustani romanisation news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Uddin and Begum Hindustani Romanization scheme is an international standard for romanising transliterating into the Latin alphabet Urdu and Hindi sometimes jointly referred to as the Hindustani language particularly in the era of British India Syed Fasih Uddin and Quader Unissa Begum presented the scheme in 1992 at the First International Urdu Conference in Chicago 1 Uddin and Begum based their scheme on the work which that John Borthwick Gilchrist and others began at Fort William College in Calcutta more than a century earlier Gilchrist s romanisation system became the de facto standard for romanised Hindustani during the late 19th century Uddin and Begum attempted to improve on and modernize Gilchrist s system in a number of ways For example in the Uddin and Begum scheme Urdu and Hindi characters correspond one to one Also diacritics indicate vowel phonics whereas in the Gilchrist system the reader must infer vowel pronunciation from context To facilitate Urdu and Hindustani romanisation in a much wider range of computer software Uddin and Begum limited their character set to the common ASCII standard Contents 1 Romanization scheme 2 Vowels 2 1 Short vowels 2 2 Long vowels 2 3 Neutral vowels 2 4 Compound vowels 2 5 Double vowels 2 6 Nasal Nu n 3 Consonants 3 1 Sounds from Sanskrit derived words 3 2 Sounds from Persian derived words 3 3 Sounds from Arabic derived words 4 See also 5 ReferencesRomanization scheme EditMIS Urdu Hindustani Language Letters of Alphabet Lower Case Characters Upper Case Characters Character Name1 a a A A Alif2 b B Be3 c h C H C Hi m4 d D Dal5 d D D a l6 e E Ye7 f F Fe8 g G Ga f9 g h G H G Hain10 h H He11 i i I I Yi12 j j J J Ji m13 k K Ka f14 k h K H K Hae15 l L La m16 m M Mi m17 n n N N Nu n18 o O Ow19 p P Pe20 q Q Qha f21 r R Re22 r R R ae23 s S Se24 s h S H S Hin25 t T TeAlif26 t T T e27 u u U U Ou28 w W Wa o29 y Y Ya30 z Z ZeNotes is the hard sound representing with the caret h H is the guttural sound representing with the Under Score is the long vowel sound representing with the Apostrophe n N is the nasal sound of Nu n when if follows a long vowel and when sometimes used at the end of a word representing by enclosing it in The Parenthesis Gemination which is the inter junction of two vowels with the first vowel casting a shadow on the second vowel Vowels EditShort vowels Edit a A Sounds like English u in but shut In Urdu ab adab agar ahmaq kam i I Sounds like English i in bit hit In Urdu kari giri ajnabi bha i u U Sounds like English u in pull bull In Urdu Urdu uda s umda ungli Note In traditional Urdu script these vowels sounds are not represented by any letters of alphabet They are often omitted or sometimes represented by signs which are added to consonants and are termed Eara bs Eara bs representing short vowels are zabar zaer and paesh Long vowels Edit a A Sounds like English a in far father In Urdu a ba di a g a fat a m ka m i I Sounds like English ea in heat seat In Urdu i nt u U Sounds like English oo in tool soon In Urdu bu nd bhu k ju ta jhu t Neutral vowels Edit Urdu has three neutral vowels which are without long or short form e E Sounds like English ay in hay lay In Urdu la e ga e c ha e pic he pic hhle o O Sounds like English o in old own In Urdu os ko or hna roz afsosna k y Y Sounds like English y in yard young In Urdu ya r ya d yaqin ha ey Compound vowels Edit A i A I In Urdu a isa a inaA u A U In Urdu a uratA y A Y In Urdu a ya a yandaDouble vowels Edit Inter junction of two vowels with the first vowel casting a shadow on the second vowel The two vowels are separated by a Tilde The following examples illustrates the case of double vowels In traditional notations this is referred as HUMZA Kaha e A i La e La o Li ye Ga e Ha ey Ga i A u n Kiji ye Nasal Nu n Edit Is the nasal sound of Nu n when if follows a long vowel and when sometimes used at the end of a word representing by enclosing in The Parenthesis The following examples illustrates the case of Nasal Nu n In traditional notations this is referred as Nu n e g huna Ma n Ha n De n Me n Ha e n Tihe n Hu n Consonants EditSounds from Sanskrit derived words Edit Sanskrit based words in Urdu have the following typical vernacular compound sounds bh c hh dh d h gh jh kh ph r h th t h Sounds from Persian derived words Edit Persian based words in Urdu have the following typical vernacular sounds C Hi m Ga f Pe Sounds from Arabic derived words Edit Arabic derived words in Urdu that have the following typical vernacular sounds Ain G Hain Fe Qha f Toe Zoe Swa d Zwa d Se Ha eSee also EditHindustani Hindi Urdu word etymology Hindustani grammar Hindustani orthography Devanagari script Nasta liq script Roman Urdu Urdu alphabetReferences Edit Syed Fasih Uddin and Quader Unissa Begum 1992 The Modern International Standard Letters of Alphabet for URDU HINDUSTANI The INDIAN Language script for the purposes of hand written communication dictionary references published material and Computerized Linguistic Communications CLC Chicago Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Uddin and Begum Hindustani romanisation amp oldid 1104363962, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
