Tondis on Peutinger Table (north of Templ Augusti and Lacus Muziris)
Previously, Tyndis was attributed to Thondi, a region ruled by the Pandya country in present day Tamil Nadu.[4] Alternatively, the Cheras of the early historical period (c. second century BCE - c. third century CE[5]) are known to have had their original centre at Karur in interior Tamil Nadu and harbours at Muziris and Tyndis on the Malabar coast (Kerala).[5] Tyndis was a satellite feeding port to Muziris, according to the Periplus.[6] It was a major center of trade, next only to Muziris, between the Cheras and the Roman Empire.[7]Pliny the Elder (1st century CE) states that the port of Tyndis was located at the northwestern border of Keprobotos (Chera dynasty).[8] The North Malabar region, which lies north of the port at Tyndis, was ruled by the kingdom of Ezhimala during Sangam period.[9] According to the Periplus, a region known as Limyrike began at Naura and Tyndis. However the Ptolemy mentions only Tyndis as the Limyrike's starting point. The region probably ended at Kanyakumari; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day Malabar Coast.
There are references to a port with the name Tondi, on the Kerala coast, in the early Tamil texts. It was under the control of the Chera rulers (probably via/under a collateral branch).[10][11] No archaeological evidence has been found for Tyndis.[10]
"Naura and Tyndis, the first ports of trade of Limyrike"
"Tyndis, a well known village on the coast, is in the kingdom of Keprobotos..."
Tyndis is situated 500 stades (92 km) north to Muziris by river and sea.[2]
Pliny the Elder (1st century) - "the Caelobothras ruled a kingdom extending to Tyndis (on the north-west)".[2]
By the time Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century) wrote, Tyndis had grown large enough for him to call it (Geography 7.1.8) a town (polis).[12]
Tabula Peutingeriana locates Tondis north of Muziris (north of Templ Augusti and Lacus Muziris).[2]
Early Tamil texts
There are references to a port with the name Tondi, on the Kerala coast, in the early Tamil texts. It was under the control of the Chera rulers (probably via/under a collateral branch).[10] No archaeological evidence has been found for Tyndis.[10]
Location
The location of Muziris provides clues for the location Tyndis, which was 500 stades (92 km) north of it (by river and sea).[2]
In ancient times, Tyndis held close connections with Chera kingdom. The historic archives documented the Chera Kingdom as the powerful Tamil Kingdom whose turf extends the entire present-day state of Kerala, Kanyakumari and expanding up to Kongu Nadu.
The perfect array of religions, customs, languages, and traditions over the flow of time reflects in the prosperous heritage of Malabar. Upon reaching the Tyndis port, they further traveled to the inlands using smaller boats and then by carts to the hill stations of Wayanad or Coorg, and then on wards in search of spices and precious herbs.
The exact location of the port is still unknown. Possible candidates include the following modern locations:
^ abcdSelvakumar, V. (25 November 2016). K. S. Mathew (ed.). Imperial Rome, Indian Ocean Regions and Muziris: New Perspectives on Maritime Trade. Taylor & Francis. pp. 274–76. ISBN978-1-351-99752-2.
^"Classical Indo-Roman Trade". Economic and Political Weekly. 48 (26–27). 5 June 2015.
Lionel Casson (2012). The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction, Translation, and Commentary. Princeton University Press. ISBN1-4008-4320-0.
tyndis, ancient, greek, Τύνδις, ancient, indian, seaport, harbor, town, mentioned, graeco, roman, writings, according, periplus, erythraean, located, north, port, muziris, country, cerobothra, present, kerala, tondis, peutinger, table, north, templ, augusti, l. Tyndis Ancient Greek Tyndis 1 was an ancient Indian seaport harbor town mentioned in the Graeco Roman writings According to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea Tyndis was located north of port Muziris in the country of the Cerobothra present day Kerala 2 3 Tondis on Peutinger Table north of Templ Augusti and Lacus Muziris Previously Tyndis was attributed to Thondi a region ruled by the Pandya country in present day Tamil Nadu 4 Alternatively the Cheras of the early historical period c second century BCE c third century CE 5 are known to have had their original centre at Karur in interior Tamil Nadu and harbours at Muziris and Tyndis on the Malabar coast Kerala 5 Tyndis was a satellite feeding port to Muziris according to the Periplus 6 It was a major center of trade next only to Muziris between the Cheras and the Roman Empire 7 Pliny the Elder 1st century CE states that the port of Tyndis was located at the northwestern border of Keprobotos Chera dynasty 8 The North Malabar region which lies north of the port at Tyndis was ruled by the kingdom of Ezhimala during Sangam period 9 According to the Periplus a region known as Limyrike began at Naura and Tyndis However the Ptolemy mentions only Tyndis as the Limyrike s starting point The region probably ended at Kanyakumari it thus roughly corresponds to the present day Malabar Coast Names routes and locations of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 1st century CE There are references to a port with the name Tondi on the Kerala coast in the early Tamil texts It was under the control of the Chera rulers probably via under a collateral branch 10 11 No archaeological evidence has been found for Tyndis 10 Contents 1 Different variations of the name 2 Sources 2 1 Graeco Roman descriptions 2 2 Early Tamil texts 3 Location 4 See also 5 References 5 1 Bibliography 6 External linksDifferent variations of the name EditPeriplus of the Erythraean Sea Tyndis 2 Pliny the Elder Natural History Tyndis 2 Peutinger Table Tondis 2 Claudius Ptolemy Geography Tyndis 2 Sources EditGraeco Roman descriptions Edit Periplus of the Erythraean Sea c 1st century 2 54 56 mentions Tyndis as a well known village on the coast Naura and Tyndis the first ports of trade of Limyrike Tyndis a well known village on the coast is in the kingdom of Keprobotos Tyndis is situated 500 stades 92 km north to Muziris by river and sea 2 Pliny the Elder 1st century the Caelobothras ruled a kingdom extending to Tyndis on the north west 2 By the time Claudius Ptolemy 2nd century wrote Tyndis had grown large enough for him to call it Geography 7 1 8 a town polis 12 Tabula Peutingeriana locates Tondis north of Muziris north of Templ Augusti and Lacus Muziris 2 Early Tamil texts Edit There are references to a port with the name Tondi on the Kerala coast in the early Tamil texts It was under the control of the Chera rulers probably via under a collateral branch 10 No archaeological evidence has been found for Tyndis 10 Location EditThe location of Muziris provides clues for the location Tyndis which was 500 stades 92 km north of it by river and sea 2 In ancient times Tyndis held close connections with Chera kingdom The historic archives documented the Chera Kingdom as the powerful Tamil Kingdom whose turf extends the entire present day state of Kerala Kanyakumari and expanding up to Kongu Nadu The perfect array of religions customs languages and traditions over the flow of time reflects in the prosperous heritage of Malabar Upon reaching the Tyndis port they further traveled to the inlands using smaller boats and then by carts to the hill stations of Wayanad or Coorg and then on wards in search of spices and precious herbs The exact location of the port is still unknown Possible candidates include the following modern locations Beypore Chaliyam Kadalundi Vallikkunnu Parappanangadi Tanur 8 About 117 km north of Kodungallur 8 Mouth of Chaliyar as well as Kadalundi River 8 Kadalundi Kadal Tundi 8 An open harbour entrance through a channel 40 feet deep that does not need dredging 8 Ponnani 8 About 74 km north of Kodungallur 8 Mouth of Bharathappuzha 8 Opposite to the Palakkad Gap 8 See also Edit History portal India portalMuzirisReferences Edit Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 53 and 54 a b c d e f g h i j Gurukkal R amp Whittaker D 2001 In search of Muziris Journal of Roman Archaeology 14 334 350 Tyndis Port Ancient Maritime Port in Malabar Explore Tyndis Heritage Retrieved 12 May 2022 Tamil Nadu State Department of Archeology Tamil Nadu governments excavation at Thondi port Tamil Nadu State Department of Archeology a b Gurukkal 2015 pp 26 27 sfn error no target CITEREFGurukkal2015 help Official website of Ponnani Municipality Coastal Histories Society and Ecology in Pre modern India Yogesh Sharma Primus Books 2010 a b c d e f g h i j Gurukkal R amp Whittaker D 2001 In search of Muziris Journal of Roman Archaeology 14 334 350 A Shreedhara Menon A Survey of Kerala History a b c d Selvakumar V 25 November 2016 K S Mathew ed Imperial Rome Indian Ocean Regions and Muziris New Perspectives on Maritime Trade Taylor amp Francis pp 274 76 ISBN 978 1 351 99752 2 Classical Indo Roman Trade Economic and Political Weekly 48 26 27 5 June 2015 Lionel Casson 2012 p 213 Bibliography Edit Lionel Casson 2012 The Periplus Maris Erythraei Text with Introduction Translation and Commentary Princeton University Press ISBN 1 4008 4320 0 External links EditMuziris Heritage https www tyndisheritage com tyndis the port Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tyndis amp oldid 1087375515, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
