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Turmus Ayya

May 03, 2024

Turmus Ayya (Arabic: ترمسعيّا) is a Palestinian town located in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the West Bank, in Palestine. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), it had a population of 2,464 in 2017.[1] An estimated 80% of the residents are Palestinian binationals with US citizenship.[3]

Turmus Ayya
Municipality type D (Village council)
Arabic transcription(s)
 • Arabicترمسعيّا
 • LatinTurmus'ayyeh (official)
Tourmous Ayyeh (unofficial)
Turmus Ayya
Location of Turmus 'Ayyā within Palestine
Coordinates: 32°02′09″N 35°17′10″E / 32.03583°N 35.28611°E / 32.03583; 35.28611
Palestine grid177/160
State State of Palestine
GovernorateRamallah and al-Bireh
Government
 • TypeVillage council
 • Head of MunicipalityWadee Alkam
Area
 • Total17,606 dunams (17.6 km2 or 6.8 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)[1]
 • Total2,464
 • Density140/km2 (360/sq mi)
Name meaningThormasia[2]

Turmus Ayya is the frequent target of Israeli settler violence.[4][5]

Etymology edit

Some scholars, noting phonetic similarities, have proposed identifying Turmus Ayya with Tur Shimon (Hebrew: טור שמעון), a place mentioned in rabbinic literature as destroyed in the Bar Kokhba revolt.[6][7]

Other scholars propose that the name "Turmus" may have derived from the Latin word thermae, a public hot bath. According to this theory, the original name of the site was Ayya, and it is believed that the bath constructed there, presumably during Roman-Byzantine times, led to the addition of the name "Turmus" for the site.[8]

Geography edit

 
Turmus Ayya in 2023

Turmus Ayya is located 22 kilometres (14 mi) northeast of the city of Ramallah. Its surrounding villages are Sinjil and Khirbet Abu Falah as well as the Israeli settlement of Shilo. Its jurisdiction is about 18,000 acres (73 km2). Turmus Ayya is 720 m above sea level. It is also the northernmost town in the Ramallah District. Turmus Ayya's climate is similar to that of the central West Bank, which is rainy in the winter, and hot and humid in the summer.

History edit

 
Roman sarcophagus, 3rd century, discovered at Turmus Ayya, now at Rockefeller Museum, Jerusalem[9][10]

Potsherds from the late Iron Age (8 -7th century B.C.E.) period and later have been found, and it is estimated that the village has existed continuously since then.[11]

Turmus Ayya is generally accepted as being the Turbasaim in Crusader sources.[12] A little northeast of Turmus Ayya is Khirbet Ras ad-Deir/Deir el-Fikia, believed to be the Crusader village of Dere.[13][14] In 1145, half of the income from both villages were given to the Abbey of Mount Tabor, so that they could maintain the church at Sinjil.[15] In 1175, all three villages; Turmus Ayya, Dere and Sinjil, were transferred to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.[16]

Ottoman era edit

In 1517, Turmus Ayya was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. It had a population of 43 households, all Muslim, and paid taxes on wheat, barley, olive trees, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and/or beehives; a total of 7,200 akçe. 11/24 of the revenue went to a Waqf.[17]

In 1838, Edward Robinson noted that Turmus Aya was within the province of Jerusalem, but the province of Nablus was just north of it.[18] It was further noted that it was situated "on a low rocky mound in the level valley."[19]

In Turmus Ayya's cemetery, several graves have headstones that date back to the Ottoman Era.

 
This grave belongs to Muhammad Nofal, who was buried around 1254 Hijri (1838 CE).

French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village in 1870 and found ancient cisterns, cut stones built up in the houses, a broken lintel with a garland carved upon, and the fragments of a column.[20] He further noted that the village had about seven hundred inhabitants, and was administered by two sheikhs and divided into two different areas. Some ancient cisterns were almost completely dry, and women were forced to fetch water either from Ain Siloun, or Ain Sindjel.[21] An official Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that "Turmus Aya" had a total of 88 houses and a population of 301, though the population count included men only.[22][23]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine Turmus Aya was described as "a village on a low knoll, in a fertile plain, with a spring to the south. The village is of moderate size, and surrounded by fruit trees. On the south at the foot of the mound is the conspicuous white dome of the sacred place."[24] In 1896 the population of Turmus Ayya was estimated to be about 834 persons.[25]

British Mandate era edit

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Turmus Ayya had a population of 707, all Muslim,[26] while in the 1931 census, the village had 185 occupied houses and a population of 717, all Muslims except one Christian woman.[27]

In the 1945 statistics the population was 960, all Muslim,[28] while the total land area was 17,611 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[29] Of this, 3,665 dunams were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 7,357 for cereals,[30] while 54 dunams were classified as built-up (urban) areas.[31]

Jordanian era edit

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Turmus Ayya came under Jordanian rule. It was annexed by Jordan in 1950.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 1,620 inhabitants.[32]

1967-present edit

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Turmus Ayya has been under Israeli occupation. According to an Israeli census in 1967, there were 1,562 people. By 1989, the population rose to 5,140.

Under the Oslo Accords of 1995, 64.7% of village land was classified as Area B, and the remaining 35.3% as Area C.[33] Israel has confiscated 752 dunams of village land for the Israeli settlement of Shilo, and another 372 dunams for Mizpe Rahel.[34]

In December 2014, the town was the site of the controversial death of Palestinian official Ziad Abu Ein, during a protest against Israeli occupation.[35]

Settler terror edit

Turmus Ayya is the frequent target of Israeli settler violence.[5][4] According to the Israeli press, in the six first months of 2023, ten attacks by Jewish Israeli settlers were recorded against Turmus Ayya, the most serious of which on 21 June 2023, when hundreds of masked Israeli settlers made an incursion into the village and devastated houses and vehicles, with 12 Palestinian residents shot by live fire. Roughly 30 homes were firebombed, together with 60 cars;[36] one Palestinian resident, Omar Qattin (27), was killed by live fire.[37] In response, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) spokesperson called the incursions and attacks by armed Jewish settlers "acts of terror conducted by criminals",[5] adding that the IDF had “failed to prevent” the attacks, described as “very grave”, and that such incidents "create terror" by pushing the attacked civilian populations "towards extremism".[4]

 
Burnt house and car from settlers attack in Turmus Ayya, June 23

Nearly a month after the settler terror attack, the IDF placed five suspects under administrative detention out of the estimated 400 armed settlers that descended upon the village.[38]More than 6 months later, no charge has been made against these settlers and their status has not been reported in Israeli media.

References edit

  1. ^ a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  2. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 246
  3. ^ 'IDF: We ‘failed’ to stop settler rampage through Palestinian town,' Times of Israel 24 June 2023
  4. ^ a b c ToI Staff. "IDF spokesman slams settler riots that 'create terror'; far-right MK: It was a protest". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  5. ^ a b c "20 Countries Rail at Israel for Settler Mob Attacks on Palestinians, IDF Condemns as 'Terror'". Haaretz. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  6. ^ Yeivin, S (1946). "The Bar-Kokhba War". Jerusalem. pp. 92-94. (Hebrew)
  7. ^ Avi-Yonah, Michael (1976). "Gazetteer of Roman Palestine". Qedem. 5: 102. ISSN 0333-5844.
  8. ^ Zissu, Boaz (2008). "The Hellenistic Fortress at Ḥorvat Tura and the Identification of Tur Shimon". Israel Exploration Journal. 58 (2): 171–194. ISSN 0021-2059.
  9. ^ Savignac, 1913, pp. 106–111
  10. ^ Michon, 1913, pp. 111–118
  11. ^ Finkelstein, 1997, pp. 651-652
  12. ^ Röhricht, 1887, p. 206; cited in Finkelstein, 1997, p. 651
  13. ^ "Foundations and heaps of stones. Ruins of a monastery and chapel, the masonry in the walls rude, the stones drafted in some cases with a rustic boss. The place appears to be Crusading work;" Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 331
  14. ^ Pringle, 1993, p. 196
  15. ^ Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 59, No. 234; cited in Pringle, 1993, p. 196
  16. ^ Röhricht, 1893, RHH, p. 141, No. 529; cited in Pringle, 1993, p. 196
  17. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 113.
  18. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, p. 83
  19. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, p 85
  20. ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 28, as translated in Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 378
  21. ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 28
  22. ^ Socin, 1879, p. 162 It was located in the Beni Murra district
  23. ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 115 noted 82 houses
  24. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 292
  25. ^ Schick, 1896, p. 122
  26. ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. 17
  27. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 51.
  28. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 26
  29. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 65
  30. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 113
  31. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 163
  32. ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 24
  33. ^ Turmus’ayya Town Profile, ARIJ, p. 16
  34. ^ Turmus’ayya Town Profile, ARIJ, p. 17
  35. ^ Palestine’s land conflict: Death in the olive groves, economist.com.
  36. ^ Einav Halabi, Elisha Ben Kimon, 'Hundreds of rampaging settlers burn homes, cars in Turmus Ayya,'Ynet 21 June 2023.
  37. ^ Oren Ziv, ‘Our taxes in the U.S. are being used to kill us here’ +972 magazine 23 June 202
  38. ^ Staff Toi, '5th suspect placed under administrative detention over settler riots last month'The Times Of Israel 10 July 2023.

Bibliography edit

  • Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Finkelstein, I.; Lederman, Zvi, eds. (1997). Highlands of many cultures. Tel Aviv: Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section. ISBN 978-965-440-007-7.
  • Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964). First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population (PDF).
  • Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
  • Guérin, V. (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
  • Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 978-3-920405-41-4.
  • Michon, E. (1913). "Sarcophage representant Bacchus et les Genies des saisons decouvert a Tourmous'aya". Revue Biblique. 10 (1): 111–118. JSTOR 44101421.
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Neubauer, A. (1868). La géographie du Talmud : mémoire couronné par l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (in French). Paris: Lévy. (p. 279; but see Abel 1938:257; Elitzur 1985b.)
  • Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Pringle, D. (1993). The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem). Vol. I. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-39036-2.
  • Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
  • Röhricht, R. (1887). "Studien zur mittelalterlichen Geographie und Topographie Syriens". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 10: 195–344.
  • Röhricht, R. (1893). (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) (in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana.
  • Saulcy, L.F. de (1854). Narrative of a journey round the Dead Sea, and in the Bible lands, in 1850 and 1851. Vol. 1, new edition. London: R. Bentley. (Saulcy, 1854, vol 1, p. 104)
  • Savignac, R. (1913). "Decouvertes a Tourmous'aya". Revue Biblique. 10 (1): 106–111. JSTOR 44101420.
  • Schick, C. (1896). "Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 19: 120–127.
  • Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.

External links edit

  • Welcome To Turmus 'Ayya
  • Turmus ‘Ayya, Welcome to Palestine
  • Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: IAA, Wikimedia commons
  • Turmusayya Town (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
  • Turmus’ayya Town Profile, ARIJ
  • Turmus’ayya Aerial photo, ARIJ
  • Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Turmus’ayya Town, ARIJ
  • For Palestinian Americans, home brings little freedom March 31, 2013, The National
  • الملتقى الترمسعاوي - Turmusaya ترمسعيا
  • In West Bank, Peace Symbol Now Signifies Struggle, Isabel Kershner, October 12, 2010, The New York Times
  • Land confiscation in Turmus 'Aya village 2005-12-16 at the Wayback Machine, POICA, 23, December, 2003,

May 03, 2024
turmus, ayya, arabic, ترمسعي, palestinian, town, located, ramallah, bireh, governorate, west, bank, palestine, according, palestinian, central, bureau, statistics, pcbs, population, 2017, estimated, residents, palestinian, binationals, with, citizenship, munic. Turmus Ayya Arabic ترمسعي ا is a Palestinian town located in the Ramallah and al Bireh Governorate in the West Bank in Palestine According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics PCBS it had a population of 2 464 in 2017 1 An estimated 80 of the residents are Palestinian binationals with US citizenship 3 Turmus AyyaMunicipality type D Village council Arabic transcription s Arabicترمسعي ا LatinTurmus ayyeh official Tourmous Ayyeh unofficial Turmus AyyaLocation of Turmus Ayya within PalestineCoordinates 32 02 09 N 35 17 10 E 32 03583 N 35 28611 E 32 03583 35 28611Palestine grid177 160State State of PalestineGovernorateRamallah and al BirehGovernment TypeVillage council Head of MunicipalityWadee AlkamArea Total17 606 dunams 17 6 km2 or 6 8 sq mi Population 2017 1 Total2 464 Density140 km2 360 sq mi Name meaningThormasia 2 Turmus Ayya is the frequent target of Israeli settler violence 4 5 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Geography 3 History 3 1 Ottoman era 3 2 British Mandate era 3 3 Jordanian era 3 4 1967 present 3 5 Settler terror 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksEtymology editSome scholars noting phonetic similarities have proposed identifying Turmus Ayya with Tur Shimon Hebrew טור שמעון a place mentioned in rabbinic literature as destroyed in the Bar Kokhba revolt 6 7 Other scholars propose that the name Turmus may have derived from the Latin word thermae a public hot bath According to this theory the original name of the site was Ayya and it is believed that the bath constructed there presumably during Roman Byzantine times led to the addition of the name Turmus for the site 8 Geography edit nbsp Turmus Ayya in 2023 Turmus Ayya is located 22 kilometres 14 mi northeast of the city of Ramallah Its surrounding villages are Sinjil and Khirbet Abu Falah as well as the Israeli settlement of Shilo Its jurisdiction is about 18 000 acres 73 km2 Turmus Ayya is 720 m above sea level It is also the northernmost town in the Ramallah District Turmus Ayya s climate is similar to that of the central West Bank which is rainy in the winter and hot and humid in the summer History edit nbsp Roman sarcophagus 3rd century discovered at Turmus Ayya now at Rockefeller Museum Jerusalem 9 10 Potsherds from the late Iron Age 8 7th century B C E period and later have been found and it is estimated that the village has existed continuously since then 11 Turmus Ayya is generally accepted as being the Turbasaim in Crusader sources 12 A little northeast of Turmus Ayya is Khirbet Ras ad Deir Deir el Fikia believed to be the Crusader village of Dere 13 14 In 1145 half of the income from both villages were given to the Abbey of Mount Tabor so that they could maintain the church at Sinjil 15 In 1175 all three villages Turmus Ayya Dere and Sinjil were transferred to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre 16 Ottoman era edit In 1517 Turmus Ayya was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds It had a population of 43 households all Muslim and paid taxes on wheat barley olive trees vineyards fruit trees goats and or beehives a total of 7 200 akce 11 24 of the revenue went to a Waqf 17 In 1838 Edward Robinson noted that Turmus Aya was within the province of Jerusalem but the province of Nablus was just north of it 18 It was further noted that it was situated on a low rocky mound in the level valley 19 In Turmus Ayya s cemetery several graves have headstones that date back to the Ottoman Era nbsp This grave belongs to Muhammad Nofal who was buried around 1254 Hijri 1838 CE French explorer Victor Guerin visited the village in 1870 and found ancient cisterns cut stones built up in the houses a broken lintel with a garland carved upon and the fragments of a column 20 He further noted that the village had about seven hundred inhabitants and was administered by two sheikhs and divided into two different areas Some ancient cisterns were almost completely dry and women were forced to fetch water either from Ain Siloun or Ain Sindjel 21 An official Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that Turmus Aya had a total of 88 houses and a population of 301 though the population count included men only 22 23 In 1882 the PEF s Survey of Western Palestine Turmus Aya was described as a village on a low knoll in a fertile plain with a spring to the south The village is of moderate size and surrounded by fruit trees On the south at the foot of the mound is the conspicuous white dome of the sacred place 24 In 1896 the population of Turmus Ayya was estimated to be about 834 persons 25 British Mandate era edit In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities Turmus Ayya had a population of 707 all Muslim 26 while in the 1931 census the village had 185 occupied houses and a population of 717 all Muslims except one Christian woman 27 In the 1945 statistics the population was 960 all Muslim 28 while the total land area was 17 611 dunams according to an official land and population survey 29 Of this 3 665 dunams were allocated for plantations and irrigable land 7 357 for cereals 30 while 54 dunams were classified as built up urban areas 31 Jordanian era edit In the wake of the 1948 Arab Israeli War and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements Turmus Ayya came under Jordanian rule It was annexed by Jordan in 1950 The Jordanian census of 1961 found 1 620 inhabitants 32 1967 present edit Since the Six Day War in 1967 Turmus Ayya has been under Israeli occupation According to an Israeli census in 1967 there were 1 562 people By 1989 the population rose to 5 140 Under the Oslo Accords of 1995 64 7 of village land was classified as Area B and the remaining 35 3 as Area C 33 Israel has confiscated 752 dunams of village land for the Israeli settlement of Shilo and another 372 dunams for Mizpe Rahel 34 In December 2014 the town was the site of the controversial death of Palestinian official Ziad Abu Ein during a protest against Israeli occupation 35 Settler terror edit Turmus Ayya is the frequent target of Israeli settler violence 5 4 According to the Israeli press in the six first months of 2023 ten attacks by Jewish Israeli settlers were recorded against Turmus Ayya the most serious of which on 21 June 2023 when hundreds of masked Israeli settlers made an incursion into the village and devastated houses and vehicles with 12 Palestinian residents shot by live fire Roughly 30 homes were firebombed together with 60 cars 36 one Palestinian resident Omar Qattin 27 was killed by live fire 37 In response the Israel Defense Forces IDF spokesperson called the incursions and attacks by armed Jewish settlers acts of terror conducted by criminals 5 adding that the IDF had failed to prevent the attacks described as very grave and that such incidents create terror by pushing the attacked civilian populations towards extremism 4 nbsp Burnt house and car from settlers attack in Turmus Ayya June 23Nearly a month after the settler terror attack the IDF placed five suspects under administrative detention out of the estimated 400 armed settlers that descended upon the village 38 More than 6 months later no charge has been made against these settlers and their status has not been reported in Israeli media References edit a b Preliminary Results of the Population Housing and Establishments Census 2017 PDF Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics PCBS Report State of Palestine February 2018 pp 64 82 Retrieved 2023 10 24 Palmer 1881 p 246 IDF We failed to stop settler rampage through Palestinian town Times of Israel 24 June 2023 a b c ToI Staff IDF spokesman slams settler riots that create terror far right MK It was a protest www timesofisrael com Retrieved 2023 09 23 a b c 20 Countries Rail at Israel for Settler Mob Attacks on Palestinians IDF Condemns as Terror Haaretz Retrieved 2023 09 23 Yeivin S 1946 The Bar Kokhba War Jerusalem pp 92 94 Hebrew Avi Yonah Michael 1976 Gazetteer of Roman Palestine Qedem 5 102 ISSN 0333 5844 Zissu Boaz 2008 The Hellenistic Fortress at Ḥorvat Tura and the Identification of Tur Shimon Israel Exploration Journal 58 2 171 194 ISSN 0021 2059 Savignac 1913 pp 106 111 Michon 1913 pp 111 118 Finkelstein 1997 pp 651 652 Rohricht 1887 p 206 cited in Finkelstein 1997 p 651 Foundations and heaps of stones Ruins of a monastery and chapel the masonry in the walls rude the stones drafted in some cases with a rustic boss The place appears to be Crusading work Conder and Kitchener 1882 SWP II p 331 Pringle 1993 p 196 Rohricht 1893 RHH p 59 No 234 cited in Pringle 1993 p 196 Rohricht 1893 RHH p 141 No 529 cited in Pringle 1993 p 196 Hutteroth and Abdulfattah 1977 p 113 Robinson and Smith 1841 vol 3 p 83 Robinson and Smith 1841 vol 3 p 85 Guerin 1875 p 28 as translated in Conder and Kitchener 1882 SWP II p 378 Guerin 1875 p 28 Socin 1879 p 162 It was located in the Beni Murra district Hartmann 1883 p 115 noted 82 houses Conder and Kitchener 1882 SWP II p 292 Schick 1896 p 122 Barron 1923 Table VII Sub district of Ramallah p 17 Mills 1932 p 51 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics 1945 p 26 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 65 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 113 Government of Palestine Department of Statistics Village Statistics April 1945 Quoted in Hadawi 1970 p 163 Government of Jordan Department of Statistics 1964 p 24 Turmus ayya Town Profile ARIJ p 16 Turmus ayya Town Profile ARIJ p 17 Palestine s land conflict Death in the olive groves economist com Einav Halabi Elisha Ben Kimon Hundreds of rampaging settlers burn homes cars in Turmus Ayya Ynet 21 June 2023 Oren Ziv Our taxes in the U S are being used to kill us here 972 magazine 23 June 202 Staff Toi 5th suspect placed under administrative detention over settler riots last month The Times Of Israel 10 July 2023 Bibliography editBarron J B ed 1923 Palestine Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 Government of Palestine Conder C R Kitchener H H 1882 The Survey of Western Palestine Memoirs of the Topography Orography Hydrography and Archaeology Vol 2 London Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Finkelstein I Lederman Zvi eds 1997 Highlands of many cultures Tel Aviv Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University Publications Section ISBN 978 965 440 007 7 Government of Jordan Department of Statistics 1964 First Census of Population and Housing Volume I Final Tables General Characteristics of the Population PDF Government of Palestine Department of Statistics 1945 Village Statistics April 1945 Guerin V 1869 Description Geographique Historique et Archeologique de la Palestine in French Vol 1 Judee pt 2 Paris L Imprimerie Nationale Hadawi S 1970 Village Statistics of 1945 A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center Hartmann M 1883 Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem turkischen Staatskalender fur Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht 1871 Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina Vereins 6 102 149 Hutteroth Wolf Dieter Abdulfattah Kamal 1977 Historical Geography of Palestine Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten Sonderband 5 Erlangen Germany Vorstand der Frankischen Geographischen Gesellschaft ISBN 978 3 920405 41 4 Michon E 1913 Sarcophage representant Bacchus et les Genies des saisons decouvert a Tourmous aya Revue Biblique 10 1 111 118 JSTOR 44101421 Mills E ed 1932 Census of Palestine 1931 Population of Villages Towns and Administrative Areas Jerusalem Government of Palestine Neubauer A 1868 La geographie du Talmud memoire couronne par l Academie des inscriptions et belles lettres in French Paris Levy p 279 but see Abel 1938 257 Elitzur 1985b Palmer E H 1881 The Survey of Western Palestine Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener R E Transliterated and Explained by E H Palmer Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund Pringle D 1993 The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem A K excluding Acre and Jerusalem Vol I Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 39036 2 Robinson E Smith E 1841 Biblical Researches in Palestine Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea A Journal of Travels in the year 1838 Vol 3 Boston Crocker amp Brewster Rohricht R 1887 Studien zur mittelalterlichen Geographie und Topographie Syriens Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina Vereins 10 195 344 Rohricht R 1893 RRH Regesta regni Hierosolymitani MXCVII MCCXCI in Latin Berlin Libraria Academica Wageriana Saulcy L F de 1854 Narrative of a journey round the Dead Sea and in the Bible lands in 1850 and 1851 Vol 1 new edition London R Bentley Saulcy 1854 vol 1 p 104 Savignac R 1913 Decouvertes a Tourmous aya Revue Biblique 10 1 106 111 JSTOR 44101420 Schick C 1896 Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina Vereins 19 120 127 Socin A 1879 Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina Vereins 2 135 163 External links editWelcome To Turmus Ayya Turmus Ayya Welcome to Palestine Survey of Western Palestine Map 14 IAA Wikimedia commons Turmusayya Town Fact Sheet Applied Research Institute Jerusalem ARIJ Turmus ayya Town Profile ARIJ Turmus ayya Aerial photo ARIJ Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Turmus ayya Town ARIJ For Palestinian Americans home brings little freedom March 31 2013 The National الملتقى الترمسعاوي Turmusaya ترمسعيا In West Bank Peace Symbol Now Signifies Struggle Isabel Kershner October 12 2010 The New York Times Land confiscation in Turmus Aya village Archived 2005 12 16 at the Wayback Machine POICA 23 December 2003 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Turmus Ayya amp oldid 1218395945, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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