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Turks in Tunisia

October 21, 2023

The Turks in Tunisia, also known as Turco-Tunisians[3] and Tunisian Turks,[4] (Arabic: أتراك تونس; French: Turcs de Tunisie; Turkish: Tunus Türkleri) are ethnic Turks who constitute one of the minority groups in Tunisia.[5]

Turks in Tunisia
Total population
500,000[1]–2,000,000[2]
Regions with significant populations
Languages
Religion
Sunni Islam

In 1534, with about 10,000 Turkish soldiers, the Ottoman Empire took control and settled in the region when Tunisia's inhabitants called for help due to fears that the Spanish would invade the country.[6] Thus, during the Ottoman rule, the Turkish community dominated the political life of the region for centuries; as a result, the ethnic mix of Tunisia changed considerably with the continuous migration of Turks from Anatolia, as well as other parts of the Ottoman territories, for over 300 years. In addition, some Turks intermarried with the local population and their male offspring were called "Kouloughlis".[7][8][9] Consequently, the terms "Turks" and "Kouloughlis" have traditionally been used to distinguish between those of full and partial Turkish ancestry.[10]

In northern Cap Bon, the town of Hammam Ghezèze (lit. "Oghuz's bath") is populated with descendants of Oghuz Turks (Ghezèze and Aghzaz being Arabic for "Oghuz").[citation needed]

Demographics Edit

Families of Turkish origin live mainly near the coastal cities, such as Tunis, Mahdia, Hammamet and the islands (such as Djerba), although there are also many living within central Tunisia as well.[11][12]

Culture Edit

Language Edit

In 2012 the Tunisian government introduced the Turkish language in all Tunisian secondary schools.[13]

Religion Edit

The Ottoman Turks brought with them the teaching of the Hanafi School of Islam during the Ottoman rule of Tunisia, which still survives among the Turkish-descended families today.[14] Traditionally, Turco-Tunisian mosques have octagonal minarets.[14] Examples of Ottoman-Turkish mosques include:

Notable people Edit

 
Ali Bach Hamba was a co-founder of the Young Tunisians.
 
Mustapha Dinguizli served as Prime Minister of Tunisia.
 
Afef Jnifen is a fashion model and actress.
 
Chafia Rochdi was a singer and actress.
 
Yahia Turki was a painter.

The Turks in Tunisia were traditionally a privileged élite in Tunisia who held positions in the military and the bureaucracy.[15] However, by the nineteenth century, marriages with the local population linked the ruling families to indigenous notables. At this time, many Turks also turned to commerce and the crafts, initially in the Souq el-Trouk (the Bazaar of the Turks), where a considerable number of merchants of Turkish ancestry emerged. The Turks also entered the corps of artisans.[15] The Ben Romdhan family, of Turkish origin, claim much of the notable Tunisian families of Mahdia such as the Hamza, Turki, Gazdagli, Agha, and Snène families.[16] Other prominent Tunisian families of Turkish origin include the Bayrams [fr], Belkhodjas [fr], El Materis, Sfars [fr], Osmans [fr], Mamis and the Slim [fr]s.

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ Akar, Metin (1993), "Fas Arapçasında Osmanlı Türkçesinden Alınmış Kelimeler", Türklük Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7: 94–95, Günümüzde, Arap dünyasında hâlâ Türk asıllı aileler mevcuttur. Bunların nüfusu Irak'ta 2 milyon, Suriye'de 3.5 milyon, Mısır'da 1.5, Cezayir'de 1 milyon, Tunus'ta 500 bin, Suudî Arabistan'da 150 bin, Libya'da 50 bin, Ürdün'de 60 bin olmak üzere 8.760.000 civarındadır. Bu ailelerin varlığı da Arap lehçelerindeki Türkçe ödünçleşmeleri belki artırmış olabilir.
  2. ^ Sertoglu, Sedat (1998), Haftaya Bakış, vol. 7, Bakış Basın Yayın Organizasyon, p. 35, Bugün Tunus'ta Türk kökenli 2 milyon insan yaşadığı bildirilmekte ve Dunlardan 60-70 yaşın üzerindekiler Türkçe bilmektedirler..
  3. ^ Hourani & Ruthven 2002, 129.
  4. ^ a b Today's Zaman. . Archived from the original on 2011-03-13. Retrieved 2012-03-18.
  5. ^ UNESCO 2009, 9.
  6. ^ UNESCO 2009, 12.
  7. ^ Tunisia Today. "Vient de paraître "Tribus : des origines à la dislocation"". Retrieved 2012-04-18.
  8. ^ UNESCO 2009, 13.
  9. ^ Milli Gazete. . Archived from the original on 2010-02-23. Retrieved 2012-03-19.
  10. ^ Miltoun, Francis (1985), The spell of Algeria and Tunisia, Darf Publishers, p. 129, ISBN 1850770603, Throughout North Africa, from Oran to Tunis, one encounters everywhere, in the town as in the country, the distinct traits which mark the seven races which make up the native population: the Moors, the Berbers, the Arabs, the Negreos, the Jews, the Turks and the Kouloughlis… descendants of Turks and Arab women.
  11. ^ Leaders. "Le Monde Arabe et la Turquie: les prémices d'une entente". Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  12. ^ Delarosbil, Dave (2006), Mahdia : histoire et société (PDF), Université de Montréal, p. 7[permanent dead link]
  13. ^ Benrabah, Mohamed (2013), Language Conflict in Algeria: From Colonialism to Post-Independence, Multilingual Matters, p. 186, ISBN 978-1847699664
  14. ^ a b Jacobs & Morris 2002, 460.
  15. ^ a b Green 1978, 47.
  16. ^ Khouaja 1962, 89.
  17. ^ Tunisia Today. "Ahmed Abdelkefi, la machine à idées!". Retrieved 2012-04-18.
  18. ^ Déjeux 1984, 269.
  19. ^ Brett & Fentress 1997, 178.
  20. ^ Smida 1971, 340.
  21. ^ Union Nationale de la Femme Tunisienne. . Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  22. ^ a b Africa Time. "Histoire et repères: Grandes figures tunisiennes". Retrieved 2013-04-04.[permanent dead link]
  23. ^ Puaux 1954, 16.
  24. ^ Derrick 2008, 52.
  25. ^ Toute la Tunisie. . Archived from the original on 2013-11-03. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  26. ^ Hurriyet. "Umarım yakında bütün Arap kadınları Tunuslularla aynı haklara sahip olur". Retrieved 2013-03-24.
  27. ^ a b c d Ferté & Barrera 2010, 252.
  28. ^ Paul Lambert, Dictionnaire illustré de La Tunisie : choses et gens de Tunisie, éd. C. Saliba aîné, Tunis, 1912, p. 157
  29. ^ Granara 2010, 79.
  30. ^ Toute la Tunisie. "Ali Douagi". Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  31. ^ Leaders. "Abderrahman Dziri". Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  32. ^ Leaders. "La princesse Nazli Fadhel en Tunisie: une figure moderniste". Retrieved 2013-03-29.
  33. ^ Mohamed El Aziz Ben Achour, Catégories de la société tunisoise dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle, éd. Institut national d'archéologie et d'art, Tunis, 1989, p. 235
  34. ^ Sanna, Cristiano (2019). "[Il ritratto] Afef, le quarte nozze, i milioni e quei veleni da scansare. Il potere riservato di una ribelle". Tiscali Spettacoli. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  35. ^ Africa Time. "Les pionniers du théâtre et de la TV en Tunisie-Mohamed Lahbib : le kawkeb du théâtre arabe en Tunisie". Retrieved 2013-03-27.
  36. ^ a b c d TelQuel. . Archived from the original on 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2013-03-27.
  37. ^ Ferchiou 2001, 305.
  38. ^ Africa Time. "Chafia Rochdy : la voix cristalline venue du Sud". Retrieved 2013-03-27.
  39. ^ Festival Tetouan. . Archived from the original on 2012-05-02. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
  40. ^ Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. "Sultans Are No Sultans: Mourad Salem". Retrieved 2013-10-13.
  41. ^ Rachid Sfar. "Le LEADERS TAHAR SFAR CO-FONDATEUR AVEC BOURGUIBA DU PARTI TUNISIEN NEO-DESTOUR FUT DE 1925 à 1928 UN ETUDIANT EXCEPTIONNEL". Retrieved 2014-06-07.
  42. ^ Bidwell 2012, 388.
  43. ^ Arab Women Writers. "Najiya Thamir". Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  44. ^ Women of Tunisia. "Tunisian women Yesterday and Today: Nejia Thameur". Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  45. ^ Toute la Tunisie. . Archived from the original on 2013-07-27. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  46. ^ Toute la Tunisie. "Yahia Ben Mahmoud El Hajjem Turki". Archived from the original on 2012-07-16. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
  47. ^ Toute la Tunisie. "Zoubeïr Turki". Retrieved 2012-04-17.

Bibliography Edit

  • Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (1982), "The Tunisian state in the eighteenth century", Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, 33: 33–66, doi:10.3406/remmm.1982.1939
  • Akar, Metin (1993), "Fas Arapçasında Osmanlı Türkçesinden Alınmış Kelimeler", Türklük Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7: 91–110
  • Bidwell, Robin (2012), Dictionary Of Modern Arab History, Routledge, ISBN 978-1136162985.
  • Brett, Michael; Fentress, Elizabeth (1997), The Berbers, Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 0631207678.
  • Brunschvig, Robert (1965), "Justice religieuse et justice laïque dans la Tunisie des Deys et des Beys: jusqu'au milieu du XIXesiècle", Studia Islamica, Maisonneuve & Larose, 23: 27–70, doi:10.2307/1595254, JSTOR 1595254
  • Déjeux, Jean (1984), Dictionnaire des Auteurs Maghrébins de Langue Française, KARTHALA Editions, ISBN 2865370852.
  • Derrick, Jonathan (2008), Africa's "Agitators": Militant Anti-colonialism in Africa and the West, 1918-1939, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0231700566.
  • Ferchiou, Sophie (2001), Femme, Culture et Créativité en Tunisie, CREDIF, ISBN 9973931378.
  • Ferté, Patric; Barrera, Caroline (2010), Etudiants de l'exil : Migrations internationales et universités refuges (XVIe-XXe siècle), Presses Universitaires du Mirail, ISBN 978-2810700103.
  • Granara, William (2010), "Ali al-Du'aji (1909-1949)", in Allen, Roger (ed.), Essays in Arabic Literary Biography: 1850-1950, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 978-3447061414.
  • Green, Arnold H. (1978), The Tunisian Ulama 1873-1915: Social Structure and Response to Ideological Currents, BRILL, ISBN 9004056874.
  • Hizmetli, Sabri (1953), "Osmanlı Yönetimi Döneminde Tunus ve Cezayir'in Eğitim ve Kültür Tarihine Genel Bir Bakış" (PDF), Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 32: 1–12
  • Hourani, Albert; Ruthven, Malise (2002), A History of the Arab Peoples, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0674010175.
  • Jacobs, Daniel; Morris, Peter (2002), The Rough Guide to Tunisia, Rough Guides, ISBN 1858287480.
  • Khouaja, Ahmed (1962), "La biographie familiale comme source de connaissance historique : Le cas de la famille Ben Romdhan de Mahdia (Sahel tunisien) à l'époque coloniale et post-colonial", La pensée sauvage, C.L. Strauss.
  • Özdemir, Hikmet (1990), "Tunus ve Civarında Yaşayan Türkçemiz", Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları, 18 (64): 153–168
  • Smida, Mongi (1971), Khereddine: Ministre Réformateur, 1873-1877, Maison Tunisenne de l'Édition.
  • Puaux, Gabriel (1954), "Essai de psychanalyse des protectorats nord-africains" (PDF), Politique étrangère, 1 (19): 11–28, doi:10.3406/polit.1954.2634
  • UNESCO (2009), Diversité culturelle et dialogue interculturel en Tunisie, Commission nationale tunisienne pour l'éducation

October 21, 2023
turks, tunisia, also, known, turco, tunisians, tunisian, turks, arabic, أتراك, تونس, french, turcs, tunisie, turkish, tunus, türkleri, ethnic, turks, constitute, minority, groups, tunisia, total, population500, regions, with, significant, populationsmahdiatuni. The Turks in Tunisia also known as Turco Tunisians 3 and Tunisian Turks 4 Arabic أتراك تونس French Turcs de Tunisie Turkish Tunus Turkleri are ethnic Turks who constitute one of the minority groups in Tunisia 5 Turks in TunisiaTotal population500 000 1 2 000 000 2 Regions with significant populationsMahdiaTunisCap BonLanguagesTurkishTunisian ArabicFrenchReligionSunni IslamIn 1534 with about 10 000 Turkish soldiers the Ottoman Empire took control and settled in the region when Tunisia s inhabitants called for help due to fears that the Spanish would invade the country 6 Thus during the Ottoman rule the Turkish community dominated the political life of the region for centuries as a result the ethnic mix of Tunisia changed considerably with the continuous migration of Turks from Anatolia as well as other parts of the Ottoman territories for over 300 years In addition some Turks intermarried with the local population and their male offspring were called Kouloughlis 7 8 9 Consequently the terms Turks and Kouloughlis have traditionally been used to distinguish between those of full and partial Turkish ancestry 10 In northern Cap Bon the town of Hammam Ghezeze lit Oghuz s bath is populated with descendants of Oghuz Turks Ghezeze and Aghzaz being Arabic for Oghuz citation needed Contents 1 Demographics 2 Culture 2 1 Language 2 2 Religion 3 Notable people 4 See also 5 References 6 BibliographyDemographics EditFamilies of Turkish origin live mainly near the coastal cities such as Tunis Mahdia Hammamet and the islands such as Djerba although there are also many living within central Tunisia as well 11 12 Culture EditLanguage Edit In 2012 the Tunisian government introduced the Turkish language in all Tunisian secondary schools 13 Religion Edit The Ottoman Turks brought with them the teaching of the Hanafi School of Islam during the Ottoman rule of Tunisia which still survives among the Turkish descended families today 14 Traditionally Turco Tunisian mosques have octagonal minarets 14 Examples of Ottoman Turkish mosques include nbsp Hammouda Pacha Mosque nbsp Sidi Mahrez Mosque nbsp Mosque of the Turks nbsp Youssef Dey MosqueNotable people Edit nbsp Ali Bach Hamba was a co founder of the Young Tunisians nbsp Mustapha Dinguizli served as Prime Minister of Tunisia nbsp Afef Jnifen is a fashion model and actress nbsp Chafia Rochdi was a singer and actress nbsp Yahia Turki was a painter The Turks in Tunisia were traditionally a privileged elite in Tunisia who held positions in the military and the bureaucracy 15 However by the nineteenth century marriages with the local population linked the ruling families to indigenous notables At this time many Turks also turned to commerce and the crafts initially in the Souq el Trouk the Bazaar of the Turks where a considerable number of merchants of Turkish ancestry emerged The Turks also entered the corps of artisans 15 The Ben Romdhan family of Turkish origin claim much of the notable Tunisian families of Mahdia such as the Hamza Turki Gazdagli Agha and Snene families 16 Other prominent Tunisian families of Turkish origin include the Bayrams fr Belkhodjas fr El Materis Sfars fr Osmans fr Mamis and the Slim fr s Ahmed Abdelkefi economist 17 Hassan Hosni Abdelwaheb fr ar historian Mahmoud Aslan writer 18 Saloua Tarzi Ben Attia fr politician Al Husayn I ibn Ali at Turki founder of the Husainid Dynasty 19 Mohamed Salah Baratli resistant of the French occupation opponent of President Bourguiba human rights activist Ahmed Bayram fr religious cleric M hammed Bayram fr religious cleric Mohamed Bayram V fr ar intellectual Mohamed Taieb Bayram fr religious cleric Ahmed Belkhodja fr religious cleric 20 Asma Belkhodja pioneer of the Tunisian feminist movement 21 M hammed Belkhodja fr ar politician 22 Ali Bach Hamba journalist and politician 23 Mohamed Bach Hamba writer 24 Mahmoud Ben Mahmoud filmmaker 25 Yasemin Besson wife of Eric Besson 26 Hassen Bouhajeb doctor 27 Mahmoud Bourguiba fr ar journalist Ahmed Cherif doctor 27 Bechir Dinguizli fr ar doctor 27 Mustapha Dinguizli politician 28 Ali Douagi literary and cultural icon 29 30 Abderrahman Dziri medical researcher 31 Mustafa Elkatipzade Fenerbahce football manager Nazli Fadhel pioneer of the Tunisian feminist movement 32 Sadok Ghileb politician 33 Fadhila Khetmi fr ar theatre director Afef Jnifen model and actress 34 Mohamed Lahbib pioneer of theater and television in Tunisia 35 Mahmoud El Materi physician and politician 36 Moncef El Materi former soldier and businessman 36 Sakher El Materi businessman 36 Tahar El Materi businessman 36 Habib Osman fr ar photographer Mustapha Osman fr artist Chafia Rochdi singer and actress 37 38 Hichem Rostom actor 39 Mourad Salem artist 40 Rachid Sfar former prime minister 41 Mongi Slim nationalist leader and Minister 42 Mustapha Kamel Tarzi fr diplomat Najiya Thamir writer and radio producer 43 44 Hedi Turki painter 4 45 Yahia Turki painter 46 Zoubeir Turki painter 47 Abdeljelil Zaouche Minister of Justice 1936 1943 27 Sadok Zmerli fr ar professor 22 See also EditKouloughlis History of Ottoman era Tunisia Tunisia Turkey relations Turkish minorities in the former Ottoman Empire Turks in the Arab world Turks in Algeria Turks in LibyaReferences Edit Akar Metin 1993 Fas Arapcasinda Osmanli Turkcesinden Alinmis Kelimeler Turkluk Arastirmalari Dergisi 7 94 95 Gunumuzde Arap dunyasinda hala Turk asilli aileler mevcuttur Bunlarin nufusu Irak ta 2 milyon Suriye de 3 5 milyon Misir da 1 5 Cezayir de 1 milyon Tunus ta 500 bin Suudi Arabistan da 150 bin Libya da 50 bin Urdun de 60 bin olmak uzere 8 760 000 civarindadir Bu ailelerin varligi da Arap lehcelerindeki Turkce odunclesmeleri belki artirmis olabilir Sertoglu Sedat 1998 Haftaya Bakis vol 7 Bakis Basin Yayin Organizasyon p 35 Bugun Tunus ta Turk kokenli 2 milyon insan yasadigi bildirilmekte ve Dunlardan 60 70 yasin uzerindekiler Turkce bilmektedirler Hourani amp Ruthven 2002 129 a b Today s Zaman Turks in northern Africa yearn for Ottoman ancestors Archived from the original on 2011 03 13 Retrieved 2012 03 18 UNESCO 2009 9 UNESCO 2009 12 Tunisia Today Vient de paraitre Tribus des origines a la dislocation Retrieved 2012 04 18 UNESCO 2009 13 Milli Gazete Levanten Turkler Archived from the original on 2010 02 23 Retrieved 2012 03 19 Miltoun Francis 1985 The spell of Algeria and Tunisia Darf Publishers p 129 ISBN 1850770603 Throughout North Africa from Oran to Tunis one encounters everywhere in the town as in the country the distinct traits which mark the seven races which make up the native population the Moors the Berbers the Arabs the Negreos the Jews the Turks and the Kouloughlis descendants of Turks and Arab women Leaders Le Monde Arabe et la Turquie les premices d une entente Retrieved 2013 03 29 Delarosbil Dave 2006 Mahdia histoire et societe PDF Universite de Montreal p 7 permanent dead link Benrabah Mohamed 2013 Language Conflict in Algeria From Colonialism to Post Independence Multilingual Matters p 186 ISBN 978 1847699664 a b Jacobs amp Morris 2002 460 a b Green 1978 47 Khouaja 1962 89 Tunisia Today Ahmed Abdelkefi la machine a idees Retrieved 2012 04 18 Dejeux 1984 269 Brett amp Fentress 1997 178 Smida 1971 340 Union Nationale de la Femme Tunisienne Asma Belkhodja Rebai une pionniere du mouvement feministe tunisien 1930 2011 Archived from the original on 2014 02 03 Retrieved 2013 03 29 a b Africa Time Histoire et reperes Grandes figures tunisiennes Retrieved 2013 04 04 permanent dead link Puaux 1954 16 Derrick 2008 52 Toute la Tunisie Mahmoud Ben Mahmoud Archived from the original on 2013 11 03 Retrieved 2012 04 17 Hurriyet Umarim yakinda butun Arap kadinlari Tunuslularla ayni haklara sahip olur Retrieved 2013 03 24 a b c d Ferte amp Barrera 2010 252 Paul Lambert Dictionnaire illustre de La Tunisie choses et gens de Tunisie ed C Saliba aine Tunis 1912 p 157 Granara 2010 79 Toute la Tunisie Ali Douagi Archived from the original on 2012 07 17 Retrieved 2012 04 17 Leaders Abderrahman Dziri Retrieved 2013 03 29 Leaders La princesse Nazli Fadhel en Tunisie une figure moderniste Retrieved 2013 03 29 Mohamed El Aziz Ben Achour Categories de la societe tunisoise dans la deuxieme moitie du XIXe siecle ed Institut national d archeologie et d art Tunis 1989 p 235 Sanna Cristiano 2019 Il ritratto Afef le quarte nozze i milioni e quei veleni da scansare Il potere riservato di una ribelle Tiscali Spettacoli Retrieved 26 September 2019 Africa Time Les pionniers du theatre et de la TV en Tunisie Mohamed Lahbib le kawkeb du theatre arabe en Tunisie Retrieved 2013 03 27 a b c d TelQuel TUNISIE Ou s arretera Sakhr El Materi Archived from the original on 2013 05 10 Retrieved 2013 03 27 Ferchiou 2001 305 Africa Time Chafia Rochdy la voix cristalline venue du Sud Retrieved 2013 03 27 Festival Tetouan Hommages 2012 Hichem Rostom Acteur Tunisien Archived from the original on 2012 05 02 Retrieved 2012 04 18 Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea Sultans Are No Sultans Mourad Salem Retrieved 2013 10 13 Rachid Sfar Le LEADERS TAHAR SFAR CO FONDATEUR AVEC BOURGUIBA DU PARTI TUNISIEN NEO DESTOUR FUT DE 1925 a 1928 UN ETUDIANT EXCEPTIONNEL Retrieved 2014 06 07 Bidwell 2012 388 Arab Women Writers Najiya Thamir Retrieved 2012 04 17 Women of Tunisia Tunisian women Yesterday and Today Nejia Thameur Retrieved 2012 04 17 Toute la Tunisie Hedi Turki Archived from the original on 2013 07 27 Retrieved 2012 04 17 Toute la Tunisie Yahia Ben Mahmoud El Hajjem Turki Archived from the original on 2012 07 16 Retrieved 2012 04 17 Toute la Tunisie Zoubeir Turki Retrieved 2012 04 17 Bibliography EditAbun Nasr Jamil M 1982 The Tunisian state in the eighteenth century Revue de l Occident musulman et de la Mediterranee 33 33 66 doi 10 3406 remmm 1982 1939 Akar Metin 1993 Fas Arapcasinda Osmanli Turkcesinden Alinmis Kelimeler Turkluk Arastirmalari Dergisi 7 91 110 Bidwell Robin 2012 Dictionary Of Modern Arab History Routledge ISBN 978 1136162985 Brett Michael Fentress Elizabeth 1997 The Berbers Wiley Blackwell ISBN 0631207678 Brunschvig Robert 1965 Justice religieuse et justice laique dans la Tunisie des Deys et des Beys jusqu au milieu du XIXesiecle Studia Islamica Maisonneuve amp Larose 23 27 70 doi 10 2307 1595254 JSTOR 1595254 Dejeux Jean 1984 Dictionnaire des Auteurs Maghrebins de Langue Francaise KARTHALA Editions ISBN 2865370852 Derrick Jonathan 2008 Africa s Agitators Militant Anti colonialism in Africa and the West 1918 1939 Columbia University Press ISBN 978 0231700566 Ferchiou Sophie 2001 Femme Culture et Creativite en Tunisie CREDIF ISBN 9973931378 Ferte Patric Barrera Caroline 2010 Etudiants de l exil Migrations internationales et universites refuges XVIe XXe siecle Presses Universitaires du Mirail ISBN 978 2810700103 Granara William 2010 Ali al Du aji 1909 1949 in Allen Roger ed Essays in Arabic Literary Biography 1850 1950 Otto Harrassowitz Verlag ISBN 978 3447061414 Green Arnold H 1978 The Tunisian Ulama 1873 1915 Social Structure and Response to Ideological Currents BRILL ISBN 9004056874 Hizmetli Sabri 1953 Osmanli Yonetimi Doneminde Tunus ve Cezayir in Egitim ve Kultur Tarihine Genel Bir Bakis PDF Ankara Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi 32 1 12 Hourani Albert Ruthven Malise 2002 A History of the Arab Peoples Harvard University Press ISBN 0674010175 Jacobs Daniel Morris Peter 2002 The Rough Guide to Tunisia Rough Guides ISBN 1858287480 Khouaja Ahmed 1962 La biographie familiale comme source de connaissance historique Le cas de la famille Ben Romdhan de Mahdia Sahel tunisien a l epoque coloniale et post colonial La pensee sauvage C L Strauss Ozdemir Hikmet 1990 Tunus ve Civarinda Yasayan Turkcemiz Turk Dunyasi Arastirmalari 18 64 153 168 Smida Mongi 1971 Khereddine Ministre Reformateur 1873 1877 Maison Tunisenne de l Edition Puaux Gabriel 1954 Essai de psychanalyse des protectorats nord africains PDF Politique etrangere 1 19 11 28 doi 10 3406 polit 1954 2634 UNESCO 2009 Diversite culturelle et dialogue interculturel en Tunisie Commission nationale tunisienne pour l education Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Turks in Tunisia amp oldid 1165549271, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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