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Fourth Army (Ottoman Empire)

February 16, 2023

See also: Aegean Army

The Fourth Army of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Dördüncü Ordu) was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the middle nineteenth century, during Ottoman military reforms.

Fourth Army
Djemal Pasha and Fuad Bey (April 1917)
Active?-?
7 September 1914 – 26 September 1918
Country Ottoman Empire
TypeField Army
Garrison/HQBaghdad, Damascus
PatronSultans of the Ottoman Empire
EngagementsSinai and Palestine Campaign (World War I)
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Zeki Pasha (September – 18 November 1914)
Djemal Pasha (18 November 1914 – September 1917)
Mersinli Djemal Pasha (September 1917 – October 1918)

The army did not survive the WWI battles in Palestine and Syria.[1][2]

Formations

Order of Battle, 1877

In 1877, it was stationed in Anatolia. It was composed of:[3]

Order of Battle, 1908

After the Young Turk Revolution and the establishment of the Second Constitutional Era on 3 July 1908, the new government initiated a major military reform. Army headquarters were modernized. The Fourth Army's new operational area was Caucasia and its many troops were scattered along the frontier to keep an eye on the Russian Empire. It commanded the following active divisions and other units:[4]

  • 7th Infantry Division (Yedinci Fırka)
  • 8th Infantry Division (Sekicinci Fırka)
  • 19th Infantry Division (On Dokuzuncu Fırka)
  • 4th Artillery Division (Dördüncü Topçu Fırkası)
  • Erzurum Fortress Artillery Regiment

The Fourth Army also had inspectorate functions for four Redif (reserve) divisions:[5][6]

  • 13th Erzincan Reserve Infantry Division (On Üçüncü Erzincan Redif Fırkası)
  • 14th Trabzon Reserve Infantry Division (On Dördüncü Trabzon Redif Fırkası)
  • 15th Diyarbekir Reserve Infantry Division (On Beşinci Diyarbekir Redif Fırkası)
  • 16th Sivas Reserve Infantry Division (On Altıncı Sivas Redif Fırkası)

Order of Battle, 1911

With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the Army's headquarters were Baghdad. Before the First Balkan War in 1911, the Army was structured as:[7]

World War I

Order of Battle, November 1914

In November 1914, the army was structured as:[8]

Order of Battle, Late April 1915

In April 1915, the army was structured as:[9]

Order of Battle, Late Summer 1915, January 1916

In late Summer 1915, January 1916, the army was structured as:[10]

  • Fourth Army (Syria-Palestine)
    • VIII Corps
      • 23rd Division
      • 24th Division
      • 27th Division
    • XII Corps
      • 41st Division
      • 42nd Division
      • 46th Division

Order of Battle, August, December 1916

Main articles: Battle of Romani, Battle of Magdhaba, and Battle of Rafa

Between August and December 1916, the army was structured as:[11]

  • Fourth Army (Syria-Palestine)
    • VIII Corps
      • 3rd Division
      • 23rd Division
      • 24th Division
      • 27th Division
    • XII Corps
      • 41st Division
      • 42nd Division
      • 43rd Division
      • 46th Division

Order of Battle, August 1917

In August 1917, the army was structured as:[12]

On 26 September the Fourth Army headquarters moved to Damascus, dividing its area of responsibility in half, leaving Cemal Pasha answerable for Syria and western Arabia.[13]

Order of Battle, January, June 1918

Between January and June 1918, the army was structured as follows:[14]

  • Fourth Army (commanded by Jemal) (Syria-West Arabia)
    • VIII Corps (commanded by Ali Fuad Bey)[15]
      • 43rd Division
      • 48th Division
    • XII Corps
      • 23rd Division
      • 41st Division
      • 44th Division
    • Hejaz Corps
      • 58th Division
      • Provisional Infantry Divisions x 3

Order of Battle, September 1918

In September 1918, the army was structured as:[16]

Sources

  1. ^ Lawrence, T.E. (1935). Seven Pillars of Wisdom. Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc. p. 640.
  2. ^ Faulkner, Neil (2016). Lawrence of Arabia's War: The Arabs, the British and the Remaking of the Middle East in WWI. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 449. ISBN 9780300226393.
  3. ^ Ian Drury, Illustrated by Raffaele Ruggeri, The Russo-Turkish War 1877, Men-at-Arms 277, Ospray Publishing Ltd., Reprinted 1999, ISBN 1-85532-371-0, p. 35.
  4. ^ Erickson (2003), p. 17.
  5. ^ Erickson (2003), p.19
  6. ^ T.C. Genelkurmay Başkanlığı, Balkan Harbi, 1912–1913: Harbin Sebepleri, Askerî Hazırlıklar ve Osmanlı Devletinin Harbe Girişi, Genelkurmay Basımevi, 1970, pp. 87–90. (in Turkish)
  7. ^ Erickson (2001), pp.382–383
  8. ^ Erickson (2001), p.43
  9. ^ Erickson (2001), p.86
  10. ^ Erickson (2001), pp. 109, 126
  11. ^ Erickson (2001), pp.134, 154
  12. ^ Erickson (2001), p.170
  13. ^ Erickson 2001 p. 171
  14. ^ Erickson (2001), pp.181, 188
  15. ^ Falls 1930 Volume 2 Part 2 p.657
  16. ^ Erickson (2001), p.197

References

  • Erickson, Edward J. (2001). Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31516-7.
  • Erickson, Edward J. (2003). Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Falls, Cyril (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 2 Part II. A. F. Becke (maps). London: HM Stationery Office.

February 16, 2023
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See also Aegean Army The Fourth Army of the Ottoman Empire Turkish Dorduncu Ordu was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army It was formed in the middle nineteenth century during Ottoman military reforms Fourth ArmyDjemal Pasha and Fuad Bey April 1917 Active 7 September 1914 26 September 1918Country Ottoman EmpireTypeField ArmyGarrison HQBaghdad DamascusPatronSultans of the Ottoman EmpireEngagementsSinai and Palestine Campaign World War I CommandersNotablecommandersZeki Pasha September 18 November 1914 Djemal Pasha 18 November 1914 September 1917 Mersinli Djemal Pasha September 1917 October 1918 The army did not survive the WWI battles in Palestine and Syria 1 2 Contents 1 Formations 1 1 Order of Battle 1877 1 2 Order of Battle 1908 1 3 Order of Battle 1911 2 World War I 2 1 Order of Battle November 1914 2 2 Order of Battle Late April 1915 2 3 Order of Battle Late Summer 1915 January 1916 2 4 Order of Battle August December 1916 2 5 Order of Battle August 1917 2 6 Order of Battle January June 1918 2 7 Order of Battle September 1918 3 Sources 4 ReferencesFormations EditOrder of Battle 1877 Edit In 1877 it was stationed in Anatolia It was composed of 3 Infantry Five line regiments and six rifle battalions Cavalry Three line regiments Artillery One line regiment 12 batteries Engineer One sapper companyOrder of Battle 1908 Edit After the Young Turk Revolution and the establishment of the Second Constitutional Era on 3 July 1908 the new government initiated a major military reform Army headquarters were modernized The Fourth Army s new operational area was Caucasia and its many troops were scattered along the frontier to keep an eye on the Russian Empire It commanded the following active divisions and other units 4 7th Infantry Division Yedinci Firka 8th Infantry Division Sekicinci Firka 19th Infantry Division On Dokuzuncu Firka 4th Artillery Division Dorduncu Topcu Firkasi Erzurum Fortress Artillery RegimentThe Fourth Army also had inspectorate functions for four Redif reserve divisions 5 6 13th Erzincan Reserve Infantry Division On Ucuncu Erzincan Redif Firkasi 14th Trabzon Reserve Infantry Division On Dorduncu Trabzon Redif Firkasi 15th Diyarbekir Reserve Infantry Division On Besinci Diyarbekir Redif Firkasi 16th Sivas Reserve Infantry Division On Altinci Sivas Redif Firkasi Order of Battle 1911 Edit With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army to include the creation of corps level headquarters by 1911 the Army s headquarters were Baghdad Before the First Balkan War in 1911 the Army was structured as 7 Army Headquarters Baghdad XII Corps Musul 35th Infantry Division Musul 36th Infantry Division Kerkuk XIII Corps Baghdad 37th Infantry Division Baghdad 38th Infantry Division BasraWorld War I EditOrder of Battle November 1914 Edit In November 1914 the army was structured as 8 Fourth Army Syria VIII Corps 23rd Division 25th Division 27th Division XII Corps 35th Division 36th DivisionOrder of Battle Late April 1915 Edit In April 1915 the army was structured as 9 Fourth Army Syria VIII Corps 8th Division 10th Division 23rd Division 25th Division 27th Division XII Corps 35th Division 36th DivisionOrder of Battle Late Summer 1915 January 1916 Edit In late Summer 1915 January 1916 the army was structured as 10 Fourth Army Syria Palestine VIII Corps 23rd Division 24th Division 27th Division XII Corps 41st Division 42nd Division 46th DivisionOrder of Battle August December 1916 Edit Main articles Battle of Romani Battle of Magdhaba and Battle of Rafa Between August and December 1916 the army was structured as 11 Fourth Army Syria Palestine VIII Corps 3rd Division 23rd Division 24th Division 27th Division XII Corps 41st Division 42nd Division 43rd Division 46th DivisionOrder of Battle August 1917 Edit In August 1917 the army was structured as 12 Fourth Army Syria Palestine 3rd Cavalry Division VIII Corps 48th Division XII Corps 23rd Division 44th Division XV Corps 43rd Division XX Corps 16th Division 54th Division XXII Corps 3rd Division 7th Division 53rd DivisionOn 26 September the Fourth Army headquarters moved to Damascus dividing its area of responsibility in half leaving Cemal Pasha answerable for Syria and western Arabia 13 Order of Battle January June 1918 Edit Between January and June 1918 the army was structured as follows 14 Fourth Army commanded by Jemal Syria West Arabia VIII Corps commanded by Ali Fuad Bey 15 43rd Division 48th Division XII Corps 23rd Division 41st Division 44th Division Hejaz Corps 58th Division Provisional Infantry Divisions x 3Order of Battle September 1918 Edit In September 1918 the army was structured as 16 Fourth Army Mirliva Mersinli Cemal Pasha II Corps Miralay Galatali Sevket Bey 62nd Division Provisional Divisions x 3 Jordan Group 24th Division 3rd Cavalry Division VIII Corps Miralay Yasin Hilmi Bey 48th Division Umman Provisional DivisionSources Edit Lawrence T E 1935 Seven Pillars of Wisdom Garden City Doubleday Doran amp Company Inc p 640 Faulkner Neil 2016 Lawrence of Arabia s War The Arabs the British and the Remaking of the Middle East in WWI New Haven Yale University Press p 449 ISBN 9780300226393 Ian Drury Illustrated by Raffaele Ruggeri The Russo Turkish War 1877 Men at Arms 277 Ospray Publishing Ltd Reprinted 1999 ISBN 1 85532 371 0 p 35 Erickson 2003 p 17 Erickson 2003 p 19 T C Genelkurmay Baskanligi Balkan Harbi 1912 1913 Harbin Sebepleri Askeri Hazirliklar ve Osmanli Devletinin Harbe Girisi Genelkurmay Basimevi 1970 pp 87 90 in Turkish Erickson 2001 pp 382 383 Erickson 2001 p 43 Erickson 2001 p 86 Erickson 2001 pp 109 126 Erickson 2001 pp 134 154 Erickson 2001 p 170 Erickson 2001 p 171 Erickson 2001 pp 181 188 Falls 1930 Volume 2 Part 2 p 657 Erickson 2001 p 197References EditErickson Edward J 2001 Order to Die A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War Greenwood Press ISBN 0 313 31516 7 Erickson Edward J 2003 Defeat in Detail The Ottoman Army in the Balkans 1912 1913 Westport CT Praeger Falls Cyril 1930 Military Operations Egypt amp Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence Vol 2 Part II A F Becke maps London HM Stationery Office Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fourth Army Ottoman Empire amp oldid 1037432712, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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