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Tukums

April 09, 2024

For the 1984 Danish film, see Tukuma (film).

Tukums (pronunciationⓘ; German: Tuckum; Livonian: Tukāmō) is a town in the Zemgale region of Latvia.

Tukums
Town
Lutheran church in Tukums
Flag
Coat of arms
Tukums
Location in Latvia
Coordinates: 56°58′N 23°09′E / 56.967°N 23.150°E / 56.967; 23.150
Country Latvia
DistrictTukums Municipality
Town rights1795
Area
[1]
 • Total13.64 km2 (5.27 sq mi)
 • Land13.49 km2 (5.21 sq mi)
 • Water0.15 km2 (0.06 sq mi)
Population
 (2023)[2]
 • Total16,597
 • Density1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
LV310(1–2); LV-3104
Calling code+371 631
Websitehttp://www.tukums.lv/

History edit

 
Ruins of the Tukums Castle in 1792
 
View of Tukums across Lake Dzirnavu in 1792

The historical center of Tukums developed between trade routes leading from the mouth of the Daugava River to Prussia. The oldest part is today's Talsi Street that originated at the river named Zvirgzdupite where there used to be a castle mound with a wooden castle. From 1253 Tukums was ruled by the Livonian Order.

A masonry castle was built on the bank of the Slocene river at the end of the 13th century. The castle was surrounded by settlements of German tradesmen and craftsmen. A marketplace was formed in front of the castle and some new streets appeared later running in various directions from the marketplace.

With the development of trade in the 16th century a new straighter trade route to Prussia was built along a new street that is called Liela (large) Street today which had an important role in the life of the settlement. As a result, public buildings, major businesses, workshops and small shops were built around the street making it the unofficial high street of the area.

After the disintegration of the Livonian Order a new state, the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia was established. Like many other settlements Tukums had suffered greatly the numerous feudal wars. Under the rule of Duke Jacob (1642–1682) Tukums experienced a rapid economic boom.

 
Durbe Manor in the 19th century

At the time, a new trade route was built from Tukums to Jelgava, the capital of Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. It was opened along today's Jelgavas Street and another route towards today's Raudas Street.

Inhabited by only 800 people at that time, the first dam was built and a lake made near the road to Jelgava which was followed by a flour mill and copper-making furnace which was then exported to foreign countries.

The new adornment of Tukums were the lake and the church spire which were added to the skyline in 1687.

After 1795, Courland was incorporated into the Russian Empire. In November of the same year the Russian Tsaritsa Katherine signed a document to divide Courland into regions and to grant regional center rights to several urban settlements, Tukums being one of them. The town borders were marked in 1800 and the first urban map was made two years later.

The town continued growing as it became home to 6 pubs and 131 private houses with around 690 male and 832 female inhabitants.

In 1806, the first school was opened while the street pavement was introduced in 1860. In 1875, street lighting were started with more rapid developments of the town being observed after the opening of the Riga-Tukums railway line in 1877. It is one of the lines connecting Tukums with neighboring town Ventspils.

There were 24 known enterprises functioning in Tukums in 1897 including tanneries, wood-carding mills, glue plants, potteries, food production facilities and the two windmills which are thought to have brought out the uniqueness of the townscape. The town eventually grew along with the rapid growth and development of these industries.

The rich are known to have built their houses in the eastern part around Elizabetes, Pils and Baznicas Streets, but the workers settled more to the West, forming an area of small houses surrounded by gardens. These areas of Tukums were further developed during the year in 1935.

In the beginning of the 1930s, there were 8000 inhabitants and 73 functioning industrial enterprises in Tukums.

In 2019, the town becomes home to the second largest tire recycling plant in Latvia.[3]

Places near Tukums edit

 
Jaunpils Castle, located 31 kilometers from Tukums
 
Jaunmokas Manor, located 10 kilometers from Tukums

The Engure parish by the city was host to the Soviet Navy Tukums air base. It was converted into a civilian airport.

Jaunpils Castle is the only fortified castle of the Order of Livonia that remains in Latvia. It was built in 1301. An exhibition hall and museum are located there on the history of the district. Jaunpils Lutheran Church which was built in 1592 is located near the castle.

Jaunmoku Palace (1901), 5 km (3 mi) from Tukums, surrounded by the Courlands hills, hosts an exhibition on forestry. Jaunmoku Palace is a combination of Art Nouveau elements and Neo-Gothic forms and was built as the country residence of George Armitstead, mayor of Riga (1901–12).

Durbe manor house, (Latvian: Durbes pils) rebuilt in 1820, is a classical style palace, surrounded by a landscaped park. A stone bridge across the ravine and a rotunda are located near the manor house.

The Schlokenbeck estate ensemble in Milzkalne, dating from the 15th century, is the only fortified manor house in Latvia. A museum on the history of broad building techniques and an exposition of horse gear is set up there.

In Zante region there is the highest peak of Tukums district – Smiltinkalns (153m), in the center of Zante there is a Red Army tank, evidence of the battles in "Courland Pocket" in 1944–1945.

The country of Zentene and Seme has the northern landscape of Courland – hills, curved roads, objects of nature and places of culture history.

The seashore of Tukums district has a length of 50 km (31 mi), where old fishermen's huts alternate with modern villas, and sandy beaches interchange with rocky shores and meadows.

Kandava was the capital of the ancient Couronian state of Vanema. In the beginning of the 13th century, German knights built their castle there, though not much has been preserved from that time. In the Middle Ages, Kandava underwent numerous wars, fires and plague epidemics.

The Kandava hills are covered with dense forests and the Abava Rapids of the Abava River. Kandava marks the beginning of the run of the Abava Valley, which is often locally referred to as "Switzerland of Courland" in as early as the 19th century. Since January 2011, the valley has been on Latvia's Tentative World Heritage List, according to World Monuments Fund.[4]

Places in Tukums edit

Museums edit

 
Durbe Manor
  • Castle Tower of Tukums – Brivibas Square 19a
  • Durbe Manor house – M.Parka Street 7
  • Jaunmokas Palace Museum – Jaunmokas
  • Jaunpils Museum – Jaunpils
  • Pastariņš Museum – Bisnieki, Zentene
  • Šlokenbeka Manor – Milzkalne
  • Tukums Museum – Harmonijas Street 7

Notable people edit

 
Joe Magidsohn
 
Dainis Kūla

Twin towns — sister cities edit

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Latvia

Tukums is twinned with:[5]

Newspapers edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Reģionu, novadu, pilsētu un pagastu kopējā un sauszemes platība gada sākumā". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Iedzīvotāju skaits pēc tautības reģionos, pilsētās, novados, pagastos, apkaimēs un blīvi apdzīvotās teritorijās gada sākumā (pēc administratīvi teritoriālās reformas 2021. gadā) 2021 - 2022". Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  3. ^ "Half of Latvia's tires to be recycled in new plant in Tukums". www.themayor.eu. Retrieved 2020-06-01.
  4. ^ "Abava Valley has been on Latvia's Tentative World Heritage List, January 2011". WMF.org. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
  5. ^ "Starptautiskā sadarbība". tukums.lv (in Latvian). Tukums. Retrieved 2019-08-31.

External links edit

  • Tukums City Official Website
  • World Monuments Fund

April 09, 2024
tukums, 1984, danish, film, tukuma, film, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, s. For the 1984 Danish film see Tukuma film This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Tukums news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Tukums pronunciation German Tuckum Livonian Tukamō is a town in the Zemgale region of Latvia TukumsTownLutheran church in TukumsFlagCoat of armsTukumsLocation in LatviaCoordinates 56 58 N 23 09 E 56 967 N 23 150 E 56 967 23 150Country LatviaDistrictTukums MunicipalityTown rights1795Area 1 Total13 64 km2 5 27 sq mi Land13 49 km2 5 21 sq mi Water0 15 km2 0 06 sq mi Population 2023 2 Total16 597 Density1 200 km2 3 200 sq mi Time zoneUTC 2 EET Summer DST UTC 3 EEST Postal codeLV310 1 2 LV 3104Calling code 371 631Websitehttp www tukums lv Contents 1 History 2 Places near Tukums 3 Places in Tukums 3 1 Museums 4 Notable people 5 Twin towns sister cities 6 Newspapers 7 References 8 External linksHistory edit nbsp Ruins of the Tukums Castle in 1792 nbsp View of Tukums across Lake Dzirnavu in 1792The historical center of Tukums developed between trade routes leading from the mouth of the Daugava River to Prussia The oldest part is today s Talsi Street that originated at the river named Zvirgzdupite where there used to be a castle mound with a wooden castle From 1253 Tukums was ruled by the Livonian Order A masonry castle was built on the bank of the Slocene river at the end of the 13th century The castle was surrounded by settlements of German tradesmen and craftsmen A marketplace was formed in front of the castle and some new streets appeared later running in various directions from the marketplace With the development of trade in the 16th century a new straighter trade route to Prussia was built along a new street that is called Liela large Street today which had an important role in the life of the settlement As a result public buildings major businesses workshops and small shops were built around the street making it the unofficial high street of the area After the disintegration of the Livonian Order a new state the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia was established Like many other settlements Tukums had suffered greatly the numerous feudal wars Under the rule of Duke Jacob 1642 1682 Tukums experienced a rapid economic boom nbsp Durbe Manor in the 19th centuryAt the time a new trade route was built from Tukums to Jelgava the capital of Duchy of Courland and Semigallia It was opened along today s Jelgavas Street and another route towards today s Raudas Street Inhabited by only 800 people at that time the first dam was built and a lake made near the road to Jelgava which was followed by a flour mill and copper making furnace which was then exported to foreign countries The new adornment of Tukums were the lake and the church spire which were added to the skyline in 1687 After 1795 Courland was incorporated into the Russian Empire In November of the same year the Russian Tsaritsa Katherine signed a document to divide Courland into regions and to grant regional center rights to several urban settlements Tukums being one of them The town borders were marked in 1800 and the first urban map was made two years later The town continued growing as it became home to 6 pubs and 131 private houses with around 690 male and 832 female inhabitants In 1806 the first school was opened while the street pavement was introduced in 1860 In 1875 street lighting were started with more rapid developments of the town being observed after the opening of the Riga Tukums railway line in 1877 It is one of the lines connecting Tukums with neighboring town Ventspils There were 24 known enterprises functioning in Tukums in 1897 including tanneries wood carding mills glue plants potteries food production facilities and the two windmills which are thought to have brought out the uniqueness of the townscape The town eventually grew along with the rapid growth and development of these industries The rich are known to have built their houses in the eastern part around Elizabetes Pils and Baznicas Streets but the workers settled more to the West forming an area of small houses surrounded by gardens These areas of Tukums were further developed during the year in 1935 In the beginning of the 1930s there were 8000 inhabitants and 73 functioning industrial enterprises in Tukums In 2019 the town becomes home to the second largest tire recycling plant in Latvia 3 Places near Tukums edit nbsp Jaunpils Castle located 31 kilometers from Tukums nbsp Jaunmokas Manor located 10 kilometers from TukumsThe Engure parish by the city was host to the Soviet Navy Tukums air base It was converted into a civilian airport Jaunpils Castle is the only fortified castle of the Order of Livonia that remains in Latvia It was built in 1301 An exhibition hall and museum are located there on the history of the district Jaunpils Lutheran Church which was built in 1592 is located near the castle Jaunmoku Palace 1901 5 km 3 mi from Tukums surrounded by the Courlands hills hosts an exhibition on forestry Jaunmoku Palace is a combination of Art Nouveau elements and Neo Gothic forms and was built as the country residence of George Armitstead mayor of Riga 1901 12 Durbe manor house Latvian Durbes pils rebuilt in 1820 is a classical style palace surrounded by a landscaped park A stone bridge across the ravine and a rotunda are located near the manor house The Schlokenbeck estate ensemble in Milzkalne dating from the 15th century is the only fortified manor house in Latvia A museum on the history of broad building techniques and an exposition of horse gear is set up there In Zante region there is the highest peak of Tukums district Smiltinkalns 153m in the center of Zante there is a Red Army tank evidence of the battles in Courland Pocket in 1944 1945 The country of Zentene and Seme has the northern landscape of Courland hills curved roads objects of nature and places of culture history The seashore of Tukums district has a length of 50 km 31 mi where old fishermen s huts alternate with modern villas and sandy beaches interchange with rocky shores and meadows Kandava was the capital of the ancient Couronian state of Vanema In the beginning of the 13th century German knights built their castle there though not much has been preserved from that time In the Middle Ages Kandava underwent numerous wars fires and plague epidemics The Kandava hills are covered with dense forests and the Abava Rapids of the Abava River Kandava marks the beginning of the run of the Abava Valley which is often locally referred to as Switzerland of Courland in as early as the 19th century Since January 2011 the valley has been on Latvia s Tentative World Heritage List according to World Monuments Fund 4 Places in Tukums editMuseums edit nbsp Durbe ManorCastle Tower of Tukums Brivibas Square 19a Durbe Manor house M Parka Street 7 Jaunmokas Palace Museum Jaunmokas Jaunpils Museum Jaunpils Pastarins Museum Bisnieki Zentene Slokenbeka Manor Milzkalne Tukums Museum Harmonijas Street 7Notable people edit nbsp Joe Magidsohn nbsp Dainis KulaRonalds Arajs Latvian athlete Kristaps Blanks football striker Skonto FC and Latvia national football team player Adolfs Blodnieks Prime Minister of Latvia from 1933 1934 Liga Klavina Latvian heptathlete Zorzs Tikmers sports executive Viktor Tsoi Soviet Rock band Kino leader died near Tukums Dainis Kula javelin thrower and 1980 Olympic champion Jevgenijs Kosmacovs FK Ventspils and Latvia national football team midfielder Joe Magidsohn Latvian born American football player Kaspars Ozers cyclist Janis Roze Latvian biologist and philosopher Otto August Rosenberger astronomer Samanta Tina Latvian singer of Russian descent Georgs Andrejevs politician Martins Stakis politician Artis Kampars politician Christopher Zarins Latvian born surgeon professor Bertrams Zarins Latvian born orthopedic surgeon at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University Adolf Behrman Latvian painter Mordechai Nurock politicianTwin towns sister cities editSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Latvia Tukums is twinned with 5 nbsp Andrychow Poland nbsp Bnei Ayish Israel nbsp Chennevieres sur Marne France nbsp Izium Ukraine nbsp Karelichy Belarus nbsp Krasnogorsk Russia nbsp Plunge Lithuania nbsp Scheessel Germany nbsp Tidaholm SwedenNewspapers editNeatkarigas Tukuma Zinas Tukuma ZinotajsReferences edit Regionu novadu pilsetu un pagastu kopeja un sauszemes platiba gada sakuma Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia Retrieved 18 January 2023 Iedzivotaju skaits pec tautibas regionos pilsetas novados pagastos apkaimes un blivi apdzivotas teritorijas gada sakuma pec administrativi teritorialas reformas 2021 gada 2021 2022 Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia Retrieved 3 October 2023 Half of Latvia s tires to be recycled in new plant in Tukums www themayor eu Retrieved 2020 06 01 Abava Valley has been on Latvia s Tentative World Heritage List January 2011 WMF org Retrieved April 8 2020 Starptautiska sadarbiba tukums lv in Latvian Tukums Retrieved 2019 08 31 External links editTukums City Official Website Tukums Tourist Information Center World Monuments Fund Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tukums amp oldid 1215494089, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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