Gina Miller
Gina Nadira Miller[7] (née Singh; born 19 April 1965)[8] is a Guyanese-British business owner and activist who initiated the 2016 R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union court case against the British government over its authority to implement Brexit without approval from Parliament.[9]
Gina Miller | |
|---|---|
Miller in 2018 | |
| Born | Gina Nadira Singh[1] 19 April 1965 |
| Education | Moira House School |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupation | Investment manager |
| Known for | Challenging the UK government's assumption of the right to invoke Article 50 without reference to Parliament, and the prorogation of the UK parliament in 2019. |
| Political party | True and Fair Party |
| Spouses | |
| Children | 3 |
| Parents |
|
In September 2019, she successfully challenged the government's prorogation of Parliament, formally supported in the legal case by the former prime minister Sir John Major and the shadow attorney general, Shami Chakrabarti.[10] She founded the True and Fair Campaign in 2012, calling for an end to financial misconduct in the investment and pension industries.[11][12]
Biography edit
Miller was born Gina Nadira Singh[2] in British Guiana to Savitri and Doodnauth Singh, who later became the Attorney General of Guyana. She is of Hindu Indo-Guyanese descent.[13][14] On her father's side, she traces her origin to Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh in India.[15] She grew up in the newly independent Guyana, and was sent to England by her parents at the age of 10[16][17] to be educated at an independent boarding school, Moira House in Eastbourne.[14][18]
When she was 14, Guyana introduced strict currency controls that prevented their parents from continuing to send funds for Gina and her brother, so she took a summer job as a chambermaid in an Eastbourne hotel.[19] She studied law at the Polytechnic of East London (now University of East London) but left without completing her finals because her parents wanted her in Guyana.[14]
She has written that she was brutally attacked while at law school, that some of her attackers were fellow students, and that the attack caused her to give up her degree course. She stated "Well, I was attacked because I was not behaving like I was supposed to be behaving.... I was being too western." The attackers were Asian, and they had mistaken her for being Indian.[20] She gained a degree in marketing, and an MSc in human resource management at the University of East London.[8] In 2017, she received an honorary Doctorate of Laws from the University of East London, 30 years from when she had attended as a student.[21]
She owned a property photographic laboratory in 1987, before becoming a marketing and event manager at BMW Fleet Division in 1990. She started a specialist financial services marketing agency in 1992,[22] and launched the Senate investment conference programme in 1996. She became a marketing consultant in 2006.[8] In February 2009,[23] Miller co-founded the investment firm SCM Private (now SCM Direct) with her husband Alan Miller.[16][24] She has been a leading campaigner against hidden charges in pensions and investment and what she has described as "flagrant mis-selling within the asset management market". She set up Miller Philanthropy (rebranded to the True and Fair Foundation) in 2009 (which closed in 2019[25]), and established MoneyShe.com in 2014, as a female-focused investment brand.[8][14]
She has married three times, and has three children.[8][26]
In October 2017, Miller was named by Powerlist as the "UK's most influential black person" which recognises those of African and African Caribbean heritage.[27] Those nominated were chosen by an independent panel with members including former High Court judge Dame Linda Dobbs and former Apprentice winner Tim Campbell. They rated nominees on their "ability to change lives and alter events".[28] She was also named number 26 on the list of most influential British Asians by GG2 Power List.[29]
True and Fair Foundation edit
Miller set up the True and Fair Foundation[10] in 2009, with the stated aim of increasing philanthropy and common good in an era of growing inequality, social fragmentation and small state funding. It aimed to encourage those who have been successful to give back to the communities that afforded them their success, lessening the burden of giving for donors and philanthropists who wish to give smarter and in an efficient and transparent manner but may be time poor.[30] The Foundation was a registered charity under English law and was removed from the register in July 2019.[31]
The True and Fair Foundation closed in 2019 with trustees saying the charity had stopped operating in the Autumn of 2018. It had come under regulatory scrutiny in its latter years. The True and Fair Foundation was issued with formal regulatory advice in 2016 and in March 2019 the Charity Commission said it was "not clear" if the charity had complied.[25]
True and Fair Campaign edit
In January 2012,[23][32] Miller set up the True and Fair Campaign, with the stated aim to "limit the possibility of future mis-selling or financial scandals through greater transparency."[17] This initiative attracted the animosity of part of the City, earning her the nickname of "black widow spider".[24] She reported being called "a disgrace [whose] lobbying efforts would bring down the entire City".[16]
On 27 September 2021, she launched a political party, the True and Fair Party. In a statement she said that her new party "champions greater transparency, accountability, competency than existing political parties provide".[33]
Brexit legal challenge edit
In June 2016, subsequent to the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, Miller privately engaged the City of London law firm Mishcon de Reya to challenge the authority of the British Government to invoke Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union using prerogative powers, arguing that only Parliament can take away rights that Parliament has granted.[24]
On 3 November 2016, the High Court of Justice ruled that Parliament had to legislate before the Government could invoke Article 50.[34][35] Miller said outside the High Court: "The judgement, I hope – when it's read by the Government and they contemplate the full judgement – that they will make the wise decision of not appealing but pressing forward and having a proper debate in our sovereign Parliament, our mother of parliaments that we are so admired for all over the world".[36]
Motivations edit
Miller stated in various interviews that she was only pressing on with the legal action as a matter of democracy and parliamentary supremacy.[37]
Others have suggested that she simply wanted to prevent Brexit via whatever means available.[38]
Outcome edit
The Government's appeal to the Supreme Court was heard in December 2016.[39] When closing the hearing, the Court President said that the appeal raised important constitutional issues, and the Justices would take time to give full consideration to the many arguments presented to them, orally and in writing, and they would do their best to resolve the case as quickly as possible.[40] When the Supreme Court delivered judgement in January 2017, it upheld the High Court ruling by a majority of 8–3.[41]
After the government's appeal was dismissed, the Secretary of State for Exiting the EU formally introduced in Parliament, on 26 January 2017, a bill that, on 16 March, was enacted without amendment as the European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Act 2017.[42]
On 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom officially left the European Union[43] following a vote by MPs in favour of the EU (Withdrawal Agreement) Bill, 358 to 234 - a majority of 124; the bill also banned an extension of the transition period, beyond its expiry at the end of 2020.[44] Miller held a 1 minute silence outside of her property in early February 2020.
Abuse and threats edit
The legal challenge met with a "torrent" of abuse from supporters of Brexit, including racial abuse and death threats.[24] In the two days following the judges' decision, more than 79,000 tweets mentioned her account, of which about 13 per cent were hostile. Many referred to her as a traitor and mentioned her perceived foreignness.[45] The law firm Miller hired for the case, Mishcon de Reya, was subjected to abuse as a result of its involvement in the case, and Brexit supporters mounted a protest outside the firm's offices.[46] A man, aged 55, was arrested in November 2016 on suspicion of racially aggravated malicious communications over threats to Miller,[47] but was later told he would not be prosecuted.[48]
Another man, aged 50, was arrested in January 2017, also in relation to the complaint made in November;[48] the second man was later named as Rhodri Philipps, 4th Viscount St Davids, who was charged on 7 March.[49] Philipps, of Knightsbridge, London, described Miller as a "boat jumper" and added: "If this is what we should expect from immigrants, send them back to their stinking jungles". Philipps also posted "£5,000 for the first person to 'accidentally' run over this bloody troublesome first generation immigrant" on Facebook.[50] He pleaded "not guilty" to three charges of malicious communication under section 127 of the Communications Act 2003 when he appeared at Westminster Magistrates' Court on 2 May 2017. At the May hearing, the prosecution said the crown would seek an increased sentence because of the racial aggravation factor.[51] He was found guilty of two charges at his trial on 11 July 2017, at which he defended himself.[52] Philipps described his own comments as "satire".[50] He was later sentenced to 12 weeks in prison.[53]
At least eight other people were issued with cease and desist notices by the police.[54] In August 2017, Miller said she had faced continuing threats of acid attacks in recent months, and fears leaving her home.[55]
In October 2019, detectives with the Metropolitan Police launched an investigation into a GoFundMe campaign seeking to raise £10,000 to hire a hitman to kill Miller.[56]
Election activity edit
2017 general election edit
Miller organised a crowdfunding campaign to back candidates opposed to a 'hard Brexit' in the 2017 general election. As of 21 April 2017, the campaign had raised over £300,000.[57] On 26 April 2017, Miller launched the Best for Britain campaign at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London. The campaign called for a tactical vote to ensure elected MPs have a real final vote on the Brexit deal. It also encouraged young people to become actively engaged in the Brexit debate. She stated publicly that she personally would vote Liberal Democrat for the first time, having previously been a Labour supporter.[58] She left Best for Britain after the election, describing it as both "a room full of white males deciding what's going to happen to the country"[59] and "undemocratic".[60]
She also launched a legal challenge against the Conservative–DUP agreement, the confidence-and-supply agreement secured by Theresa May's government in the aftermath of the election.[61]
2019 European Parliament election edit
On 8 May 2019, Miller set up a website, Remain United, to encourage tactical voting in the EU parliamentary election on 23 May, to maximise the number of MEPs of various parties elected who support remaining in the EU.[62]
Prorogation of parliament legal challenge edit
On 28 August 2019, Miller was one of a number of parties to launch legal proceedings against the Johnson government for prorogation of parliament, claiming to do so was unconstitutional.[63] On 6 September 2019 the High Court ruled that the decision to suspend Parliament was lawful and dismissed her case but granted permission to appeal.[64] A similar case lodged before the Scottish Court of Session found several days later that prorogation was unlawful as it had "the effect of stymying Parliament", setting up a hearing before the Supreme Court for 17 September.[65][66] On 24 September 2019, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that prorogation was unlawful.[67][10]
Political activity edit
In June 2018, Miller led the People’s March for a People’s Vote on the final Brexit deal alongside Liberal Democrat and Green party leaders Vince Cable and Caroline Lucas and Conservative Anna Soubry.[68]
In September 2018 Miller addressed the Liberal Democrat party conference where she told the delegates she was not a member of any party, and was speaking to them as a "friend" who felt a bond over so many issues, but added: "I am not addressing you as your leader in waiting."[69]
True and Fair Party edit
In September 2021, Miller announced the foundation of a new political party called the True and Fair Party.[70] The party was formally launched on 13 January 2022.[71] On 1 February 2022, it was announced that the Renew Party had merged its operations into the True and Fair Party.[72] On 28 July 2023, it was reported that the True and Fair Party's bank account would be shut down by online bank Monzo, and that Miller had not been given an explanation for the closure.[73]
She is her party's candidate for Epsom and Ewell for the next general election.[74]
References edit
- ^ Ram, Vidya (7 February 2018). "It's about saving Britain, it's not about Brexit: Gina Miller". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
- ^ a b . Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
- ^ "Who is Gina Miller? The woman leading the Brexit legal battle". The Daily Telegraph. from the original on 5 November 2016.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 26 February 2017.
- ^ Citations:
- Mair, John (25 July 2017). "Gina Miller on being Guyanese".
- "Gina Nadira Miller: Executive Profile & Biography". Bloomberg. from the original on 25 May 2015.
- "SCM PRIVATE LLP. Free business summary taken from official companies house information. Registered as OC342778". Company Check. from the original on 20 December 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Newlands, Chris (24 April 2016). "Racism and fees fire up Gina Miller". Financial Times. from the original on 5 November 2016.
- ^ Guy Faulconbridge and Michael Holden, "A woman suing the British government over Brexit is receiving a flood of sexist and racist threats", Business Insider UK, 30 November 2016 4 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c Siddique, Haroon (24 September 2019). "Gina Miller: the woman who took on the UK government and won – twice". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
- ^ "Who is Gina Miller?". Daily Telegraph. 3 November 2016. from the original on 5 November 2016.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
- ^ Kutchinsky, Serena (10 November 2016). "'This is bigger than just Brexit': how Gina Miller held the government to account over the EU". New Statesman. from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ^ a b c d Butter, Susannah (4 November 2016). "Brexit legal challenge: Gina Miller argues 'defending democracy is the best way to spend my money'". London Evening Standard. from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ^ "Jagdeo visits ancestral village, embraces grandfather's sister launches web site dedicated to tracing family roots". from the original on 31 August 2023. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
- ^ a b c "Brexit court case: Who is Gina Miller?". BBC News. 3 November 2016. from the original on 6 November 2016.
- ^ a b Masters, James (4 November 2016). "Guyana-born Gina Miller: The woman behind the Brexit bombshell". CNN. from the original on 4 November 2016.
- ^ "Former Eastbourne pupil receives death threats after Brexit case". Eastbourne Herald. 14 November 2016. from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2017.
- ^ Miller, Gina (2 August 2019). "As a 14-year-old chambermaid with my family away, I had to grow up fast". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
- ^ Anthony, Andrew (19 August 2018). "Gina Miller: 'I was absolutely shocked, I didn't know those attitudes still existed'". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media Ltd. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
- ^ "Gina Miller receives hon doctorate - University of East London (UEL)". www.uel.ac.uk. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "Gina Miller: Who is campaigner behind Brexit court cases?". BBC News. 25 September 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
- ^ a b "Gina Miller". LinkedIn.
- ^ a b c d "Gina Miller on her Brexit legal challenge: 'This had to be done'". The Guardian. 3 November 2016. from the original on 4 November 2016.
- ^ a b "Gina Miller's True and Fair Foundation set to close". www.civilsociety.co.uk. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- ^ "Who is Gina Miller? Meet woman who won Article 50 High Court case and put brakes on Brexit". Daily Express. 4 November 2016.
- ^ Siddique, Haroon (23 October 2017). "Brexit campaigner Gina Miller named UK's most influential black person". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 24 September 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.
- ^ "Gina Miller named UK's most influential black person". BBC News. 24 October 2017. from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ Siddique, Haroon (26 October 2017). "Riz Ahmed climbs Asian power list – but can't topple Sadiq Khan". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 24 September 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.
- ^ . The True and Fair Foundation. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016.
- ^ "TRUE AND FAIR FOUNDATION, registered charity no. 1133001". Charity Commission for England and Wales.
- ^ Topping, Alexandra (13 October 2016). "Gina Miller: the woman taking on Theresa May over article 50". The Guardian. from the original on 4 November 2016.
- ^ Scott, Geraldine (13 January 2022). "Activist launches new party to bring 'real and meaningful change'". The Independent. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
- ^ "High court says parliament must vote on triggering article 50 – as it happened". The Guardian. 3 November 2016. from the original on 4 November 2016.
- ^ "UK court says Brexit needs parliament's approval, complicates government plans". Reuters. 3 November 2016. from the original on 4 November 2016.
- ^ Payton, Matt (3 November 2016). "Gina Miller subjected to online abuse after Brexit legal challenge victory". The Independent. from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
- ^ "Who is woman behind Brexit case?". BBC News. 24 January 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
- ^ "Gina Miller Eyes Political Future in Campaign to Stop Brexit". Bloomberg. 14 September 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
- ^ Court, The Supreme. "Article 50 Brexit Appeal – The Supreme Court". from the original on 25 January 2017.
- ^ SC Transcript, 8 December 2016, p.204 11 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Supreme Court Judgment [2017] UKSC 5."Archived copy" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Explanatory Notes, Prepared 25 January 2017
- ^ "Brexit: UK to quit EU at 23:00 GMT, as PM promises 'new dawn'". BBC News. 31 January 2020.
- ^ "Brexit: MPs back Boris Johnson's plan to leave EU on 31 January". BBC News. 20 December 2019.
- ^ Binns, Amy (2018). "The remoaner queen under attack: the trolling of Gina Miller". In Mair, John; Clark, Tor; Fowler, Neil; Snoddy, Raymond; Tait, Richard (eds.). Anti-social media? : the impact on journalism and society. Hackademic. Vol. 25. Bury St Edmunds: Abramis. ISBN 978-1-84549-729-3.
- ^ Bowcott, Owen (19 July 2016). "Theresa May does not intend to trigger article 50 this year, court told". The Guardian. from the original on 19 July 2016.
- ^ "Man Arrested over Threats to Brexit's Case's Gina Miller". BBC News. 7 December 2016. from the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
- ^ a b "Man held over 'threats' in Gina Miller Brexit case". BBC News. 25 January 2017. from the original on 25 January 2017.
- ^ "Man charged over 'threats' to Gina Miller". BBC News. 7 March 2017. from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
- ^ a b "Aristocrat guilty over 'menacing' Gina Miller Facebook post". BBC News. 11 July 2017. from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
- ^ Ross, Alice (2 May 2017). "Aristocrat in court over allegedly racist Facebook post about Gina Miller". The Guardian. from the original on 2 May 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
- ^ Kirk, Tristan (11 July 2017). "Aristocrat facing jail over racist Facebook threat to Gina Miller". The Standard. from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
- ^ "Rhodri Colwyn Philipps jailed over Gina Miller post". BBC News. 13 July 2017. from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
- ^ O'Carroll, Lisa (25 January 2017). "Gina Miller: 'I've been told that "as a coloured woman", I'm not even human'". The Guardian. from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
- ^ O'Carroll, Lisa (9 August 2017). "Gina Miller afraid to leave her home after threats of acid attacks". The Guardian. from the original on 9 August 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
- ^ "Police investigate 'Kill Gina Miller' crowdfunding". BBC News. 27 October 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- ^ O'Carroll, Lisa (26 April 2017). "Gina Miller raises £300,000 for candidates to oppose hard Brexit". The Guardian. from the original on 8 May 2017.
- ^ Olivia Marks, "Gina Miller: Why You Should Vote Tactically", Vogue, 31 May 2017 6 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ White, Alan; Ashton, Emily (8 February 2018). "Gina Miller Says She Quit A Pro-EU Group Because It Became About 'Bringing Down The Tories'". buzzfeed.com. BuzzFeed News.
- ^ Swinford, Steven (8 February 2019). "Exclusive: Gina Miller says Soros-backed campaign to overturn Brexit is 'undemocratic'". The Daily Telegraph.
- ^ Maidment, Jack (11 September 2017). "Gina Miller in new challenge to Government over Commons approval for £1 billion DUP deal". The Telegraph. from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
- ^ Miller, Gina (9 May 2019). "Want to stop Nigel Farage storming the European elections? Then vote tactically". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
- ^ O'Carroll, Lisa; Carrell, Severin (28 August 2019). "Gina Miller's lawyers apply to challenge Boris Johnson plan". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
- ^ "Brexit: Decision to suspend Parliament ruled lawful by High Court". BBC News. 6 September 2019.
- ^ Grant, Alistair (11 September 2019). "Court of Session rules proroguing Parliament was unlawful". The Herald.
- ^ "Supreme Court: Parliament suspended 'to stop MPs frustrating PM', judges told". BBC News. 17 September 2019.
- ^ "R (on the application of Miller) (Appellant) v The Prime Minister (Respondent)" (PDF). Decided Cases - The Supreme Court. 24 September 2019. UKSC 2019/0192.
- ^ "London, UK. 23rd June, 2018". Alamy. 23 June 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ "Gina Miller speaks to Liberal Democrat party conference". BBC News. 17 September 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ Ricketts, David. "Gina Miller unveils plan for True & Fair political party". www.fnlondon.com. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ "Activist launches new party to oppose 'elective dictatorship' in Westminster".
- ^ https://trueandfairparty.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/True-Fair-Party-and-Renew-Party-Press-Release-1-February-2022.pdf 1 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Gina Miller's political party bank account to be closed". BBC News. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
- ^ "Doing the Right Thing? Gina Miller ›". 22 January 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
External links edit
- True and Fair Party
- Miller's columns for The Guardian