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Tropical Storm Son-Tinh

February 15, 2023

Tropical Storm Son-Tinh, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Henry, was a weak but very deadly tropical cyclone that devastated Vietnam and Laos in July 2018. Son-Tinh originated from an area of low pressure over the Philippine Sea on July 15, 2018. Moving quickly westwards, Son-Tinh strengthened to the ninth tropical storm of the annual typhoon season on July 17. Intensifying only slightly while crossing the South China Sea, Son-Tinh made its first landfall over Hainan Island on July 18. After emerging into the Gulf of Tonkin, Son-Tinh restrengthened before making its second landfall as a tropical storm in Northern Vietnam on July 19. Once inland, Son-Tinh weakened into a low pressure area as it slowed and made a clockwise loop. The remnants of Son-Tinh then emerged back over water and regenerated into a tropical depression late on July 21.

Tropical Storm Son-Tinh (Henry)
Tropical storm (JMA scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Tropical Storm Son-Tinh nearing Vietnam on July 18
FormedJuly 15, 2018
DissipatedJuly 24, 2018
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 75 km/h (45 mph)
1-minute sustained: 85 km/h (50 mph)
Lowest pressure994 hPa (mbar); 29.35 inHg
Fatalities173 total, possibly 1,100 more are missing[1]
Damage$323 million (2018 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines, South China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar
Part of the 2018 Pacific typhoon season

The storm caused severe floods and mudslides in Vietnam, leading to the death of at least 32 people.[2][3][4] Over 82,000 hectares (200,000 acres) of agricultural land was inundated and at least 17,000 farm animals were swept away by the floods. The storm also caused or related to the havoc in the neighbouring country of Laos with the collapse of Attapeu dam, in which 40 people died and 98 more missing (and probably as much as 1,100 more people are missing[1]) and 6,600 more are displaced.[5][6][7]

Meteorological history

 
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

An area of low pressure strengthened into a tropical depression on July 15, to the northwest of Manila, Philippines. Accordingly, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated it as 11W while the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) gave it the local name Henry.[8][9] As the system moved westward at high speed, it gradually intensified as its convective structure improved, and strengthened a tropical storm by July 17, with the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) assigning the system the international name Son-Tinh.[10][11]

Thereafter, however, Son-Tinh weakened slightly as it neared Hainan island due to moderate vertical wind shear.[12] Continuing to struggle to maintain intensity amid increasing wind shear, Son-Tinh crossed over Hainan island at around 03:00 UTC on July 18; despite land interaction the system continued to maintain its overall convective organization.[13] Later that day, as Son-Tinh emerged from land into the Gulf of Tonkin, Son-Tinh managed to intensify over the warm waters, with sea surface temperatures of over 28 °C (82 °F) contributing to offset otherwise unfavorable upper atmospheric conditions.[14] Before making landfall in Northern Vietnam, the JMA reported that Son-Tinh reached peak intensity with 10-minute sustained winds of 75 km/h (45 mph) and a central pressure of 994 hPa (29.4 inHg).[15] Once inland over Northern Vietnam, Son-Tinh began to weaken quickly. Both the JMA and the JTWC issued their final warnings on Son-Tinh on July 19 as the system degenerated into an area of low pressure embedded in the monsoon.[16][17] The JTWC, however, continued to track Son-Tinh's remnants for the next two days.[18]

Through July 19 and 20, Son-Tinh's remnants curved northwards and then eastwards over Northern Vietnam, before moving southeastward back into the Gulf of Tonkin on July 21.[18] Persistent convection developed over the system, aided by a tropical upper tropospheric trough to the northeast, prompting the JTWC to begin issuing advisories on Son-Tinh once again on July 21.[19] Simultaneously the JMA reported that Son-Tinh had regenerated into a tropical depression.[20] With vertical wind shear now low and sea surface temperatures remaining high near 29 °C (84 °F), the JTWC stated that Son-Tinh intensified back into a tropical storm on July 22,[21] while the JMA continued to maintain Son-Tinh as a tropical depression.[22]

Preparations and impact

China

Total economic loss nationwide were at ¥240 million (US$35.7 million).[23]

Vietnam

Main article: 2018 Northern Vietnam floods

On July 18, the Vietnamese government ordered all vessels to return to port.[24]

In Vietnam, the Thanh Hóa and Nghệ An provinces suffered the most damage, especially with the wake of the storm continuing to generate significant rainfall.[25] It caused major flooding in Northern Vietnam and the capital city of Hanoi.[3] 35 people were killed, more than 5,000 houses, 82,000 hectares (200,000 acres) of crops, and 17,000 farm animals were either swept away, submerged, or otherwise destroyed.[3] The storm has cut off access to several areas in the country and flood water covers several streets in the capital city.[25] Economic losses were estimated to be ₫6.615 trillion (US$287 million).[26]

Laos

Main article: 2018 Laos dam collapse

On July 23, a hydroelectric dam under construction in Attapeu Province, south-east Laos, collapsed. As of September 25, 40 people were confirmed dead,[5] at least 98 more were missing (and probably as much as 1,100 more people are missing[1]) and 6,600 others were displaced.[6][7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Laos struggles to find missing after dam collapse". Al Jazeera. July 29, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  2. ^ "Vietnam flood death toll rises to 27, more rain forecast".
  3. ^ a b c Nguyen, Mai (July 21, 2018). "Storm Son Tinh kills 20, leaves 16 missing in Vietnam". U.S. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  4. ^ Sidhu, Sandi; Cullinane, Susannah (July 22, 2018). "Storms, landslides and heat hit Asia". CNN. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  5. ^ a b Ferrie 2018.
  6. ^ a b Al Jazeera 2018.
  7. ^ a b Channel News Asia 2018.
  8. ^ "Tropical Depression 11W (Eleven) Warning Nr 01". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 15, 2018. Archived from the original on July 15, 2018.
  9. ^ "Severe Weather Bulletin #1 For Tropical Depression Henry". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. July 15, 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 15, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  10. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 11W (Son-Tinh) Warning Nr 07". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 17, 2018. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018.
  11. ^ "TS 1809 SON-TINH (1809) UPGRADED FROM TD". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 17, 2018. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  12. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 11W (Son-Tinh) Warning Nr 08". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 17, 2018. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018.
  13. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 11W (Son-Tinh) Warning Nr 10". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 18, 2018. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  14. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 11W (Son-Tinh) Warning Nr 12". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 18, 2018. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  15. ^ "TS 1809 SON-TINH (1809)". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 18, 2018. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  16. ^ "Tropical Storm 11W (Son-Tinh) Warning Nr 014". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 19, 2018. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018.
  17. ^ "TD DOWNGRADED FROM TS 1809 SON-TINH (1809)". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 19, 2018. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  18. ^ a b "Tracking data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. July 22, 2018. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  19. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 11W (Son-Tinh) Warning Nr 15". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 21, 2018. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  20. ^ "WARNING AND SUMMARY 210600". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 21, 2018. Archived from the original on July 21, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  21. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 11W (Son-Tinh) Warning Nr 18". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. July 22, 2018. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  22. ^ "WARNING AND SUMMARY 220000". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 22, 2018. Archived from the original on July 22, 2018. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  23. ^ CMA (December 4, 2018). (PDF). ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. pp. 1–2. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 4, 2018. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
  24. ^ Vu, Khanh (July 18, 2018). "Vietnam orders vessels back to port, braces for Son Tinh tropical". Reuters. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  25. ^ a b "At least 10 dead in Vietnam floods triggered by Typhoon Son Tinh". The New Indian Express. PTI. July 21, 2018. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  26. ^ "Tóm tắt các cơn bão trong năm 2018" (in Vietnamese). Government of Tuyen Quang province. January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tropical Storm Son-Tinh (2018).

February 15, 2023
tropical, storm, tinh, known, philippines, tropical, storm, henry, weak, very, deadly, tropical, cyclone, that, devastated, vietnam, laos, july, 2018, tinh, originated, from, area, pressure, over, philippine, july, 2018, moving, quickly, westwards, tinh, stren. Tropical Storm Son Tinh known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Henry was a weak but very deadly tropical cyclone that devastated Vietnam and Laos in July 2018 Son Tinh originated from an area of low pressure over the Philippine Sea on July 15 2018 Moving quickly westwards Son Tinh strengthened to the ninth tropical storm of the annual typhoon season on July 17 Intensifying only slightly while crossing the South China Sea Son Tinh made its first landfall over Hainan Island on July 18 After emerging into the Gulf of Tonkin Son Tinh restrengthened before making its second landfall as a tropical storm in Northern Vietnam on July 19 Once inland Son Tinh weakened into a low pressure area as it slowed and made a clockwise loop The remnants of Son Tinh then emerged back over water and regenerated into a tropical depression late on July 21 Tropical Storm Son Tinh Henry Tropical storm JMA scale Tropical storm SSHWS Tropical Storm Son Tinh nearing Vietnam on July 18FormedJuly 15 2018DissipatedJuly 24 2018Highest winds10 minute sustained 75 km h 45 mph 1 minute sustained 85 km h 50 mph Lowest pressure994 hPa mbar 29 35 inHgFatalities173 total possibly 1 100 more are missing 1 Damage 323 million 2018 USD Areas affectedPhilippines South China Vietnam Laos Thailand MyanmarPart of the 2018 Pacific typhoon seasonThe storm caused severe floods and mudslides in Vietnam leading to the death of at least 32 people 2 3 4 Over 82 000 hectares 200 000 acres of agricultural land was inundated and at least 17 000 farm animals were swept away by the floods The storm also caused or related to the havoc in the neighbouring country of Laos with the collapse of Attapeu dam in which 40 people died and 98 more missing and probably as much as 1 100 more people are missing 1 and 6 600 more are displaced 5 6 7 Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Preparations and impact 2 1 China 2 2 Vietnam 2 3 Laos 3 See also 4 ReferencesMeteorological history Edit Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type Tropical cyclone Subtropical cyclone Extratropical cyclone remnant low tropical disturbance or monsoon depression An area of low pressure strengthened into a tropical depression on July 15 to the northwest of Manila Philippines Accordingly the Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC designated it as 11W while the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PAGASA gave it the local name Henry 8 9 As the system moved westward at high speed it gradually intensified as its convective structure improved and strengthened a tropical storm by July 17 with the Japan Meteorological Agency JMA assigning the system the international name Son Tinh 10 11 Thereafter however Son Tinh weakened slightly as it neared Hainan island due to moderate vertical wind shear 12 Continuing to struggle to maintain intensity amid increasing wind shear Son Tinh crossed over Hainan island at around 03 00 UTC on July 18 despite land interaction the system continued to maintain its overall convective organization 13 Later that day as Son Tinh emerged from land into the Gulf of Tonkin Son Tinh managed to intensify over the warm waters with sea surface temperatures of over 28 C 82 F contributing to offset otherwise unfavorable upper atmospheric conditions 14 Before making landfall in Northern Vietnam the JMA reported that Son Tinh reached peak intensity with 10 minute sustained winds of 75 km h 45 mph and a central pressure of 994 hPa 29 4 inHg 15 Once inland over Northern Vietnam Son Tinh began to weaken quickly Both the JMA and the JTWC issued their final warnings on Son Tinh on July 19 as the system degenerated into an area of low pressure embedded in the monsoon 16 17 The JTWC however continued to track Son Tinh s remnants for the next two days 18 Through July 19 and 20 Son Tinh s remnants curved northwards and then eastwards over Northern Vietnam before moving southeastward back into the Gulf of Tonkin on July 21 18 Persistent convection developed over the system aided by a tropical upper tropospheric trough to the northeast prompting the JTWC to begin issuing advisories on Son Tinh once again on July 21 19 Simultaneously the JMA reported that Son Tinh had regenerated into a tropical depression 20 With vertical wind shear now low and sea surface temperatures remaining high near 29 C 84 F the JTWC stated that Son Tinh intensified back into a tropical storm on July 22 21 while the JMA continued to maintain Son Tinh as a tropical depression 22 Preparations and impact EditChina Edit Total economic loss nationwide were at 240 million US 35 7 million 23 Vietnam Edit Main article 2018 Northern Vietnam floods On July 18 the Vietnamese government ordered all vessels to return to port 24 In Vietnam the Thanh Hoa and Nghệ An provinces suffered the most damage especially with the wake of the storm continuing to generate significant rainfall 25 It caused major flooding in Northern Vietnam and the capital city of Hanoi 3 35 people were killed more than 5 000 houses 82 000 hectares 200 000 acres of crops and 17 000 farm animals were either swept away submerged or otherwise destroyed 3 The storm has cut off access to several areas in the country and flood water covers several streets in the capital city 25 Economic losses were estimated to be 6 615 trillion US 287 million 26 Laos Edit Main article 2018 Laos dam collapse On July 23 a hydroelectric dam under construction in Attapeu Province south east Laos collapsed As of September 25 40 people were confirmed dead 5 at least 98 more were missing and probably as much as 1 100 more people are missing 1 and 6 600 others were displaced 6 7 See also Edit Tropical cyclones portalWeather of 2018 Tropical cyclones in 2018 Typhoon Nina 1975 devastating tropical cyclone in which most of the effects are located in the collapse of a dam Tropical Storm Amy 1994 Tropical Storm Linda 1997 similarly deadly tropical cyclone to the south where Son Tinh hit Tropical Storm Soudelor 2009 2011 Southeast Asian floods Typhoon Son Tinh storm with the same name that impacted the same area in 2012 Tropical Storm Aere 2016 Tropical Storm Sonca 2017 another cyclone with similar track and floods especially affecting Northeast Thailand Sakon Nakhon Province October 2017 Vietnam tropical depression another deadly cyclone with similar landfalling point and floods this time affecting the Central Vietnam Tropical Storm Bebinca 2018 another storm that made landfall at the same area Tropical Storm Kompasu 2021 References Edit a b c Laos struggles to find missing after dam collapse Al Jazeera July 29 2018 Retrieved June 11 2020 Vietnam flood death toll rises to 27 more rain forecast a b c Nguyen Mai July 21 2018 Storm Son Tinh kills 20 leaves 16 missing in Vietnam U S Retrieved July 22 2018 Sidhu Sandi Cullinane Susannah July 22 2018 Storms landslides and heat hit Asia CNN Retrieved July 22 2018 a b Ferrie 2018 sfn error no target CITEREFFerrie2018 help a b Al Jazeera 2018 sfn error no target CITEREFAl Jazeera2018 help a b Channel News Asia 2018 sfn error no target CITEREFChannel News Asia2018 help Tropical Depression 11W Eleven Warning Nr 01 Joint Typhoon Warning Center July 15 2018 Archived from the original on July 15 2018 Severe Weather Bulletin 1 For Tropical Depression Henry Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration July 15 2018 Archived from the original PDF on July 15 2018 Retrieved July 23 2018 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 11W Son Tinh Warning Nr 07 Joint Typhoon Warning Center July 17 2018 Archived from the original on July 17 2018 TS 1809 SON TINH 1809 UPGRADED FROM TD Japan Meteorological Agency July 17 2018 Archived from the original on July 17 2018 Retrieved July 23 2018 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 11W Son Tinh Warning Nr 08 Joint Typhoon Warning Center July 17 2018 Archived from the original on July 17 2018 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 11W Son Tinh Warning Nr 10 Joint Typhoon Warning Center July 18 2018 Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved July 23 2018 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 11W Son Tinh Warning Nr 12 Joint Typhoon Warning Center July 18 2018 Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved July 23 2018 TS 1809 SON TINH 1809 Japan Meteorological Agency July 18 2018 Archived from the original on July 18 2018 Retrieved July 23 2018 Tropical Storm 11W Son Tinh Warning Nr 014 Joint Typhoon Warning Center July 19 2018 Archived from the original on July 19 2018 TD DOWNGRADED FROM TS 1809 SON TINH 1809 Japan Meteorological Agency July 19 2018 Archived from the original on July 19 2018 Retrieved July 23 2018 a b Tracking data National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration July 22 2018 Retrieved July 22 2018 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 11W Son Tinh Warning Nr 15 Joint Typhoon Warning Center July 21 2018 Archived from the original on July 23 2018 Retrieved July 23 2018 WARNING AND SUMMARY 210600 Japan Meteorological Agency July 21 2018 Archived from the original on July 21 2018 Retrieved July 23 2018 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 11W Son Tinh Warning Nr 18 Joint Typhoon Warning Center July 22 2018 Archived from the original on July 23 2018 Retrieved July 23 2018 WARNING AND SUMMARY 220000 Japan Meteorological Agency July 22 2018 Archived from the original on July 22 2018 Retrieved July 23 2018 CMA December 4 2018 Member Report China PDF ESCAP WMO Typhoon Committee ESCAP WMO Typhoon Committee pp 1 2 Archived from the original PDF on December 4 2018 Retrieved December 4 2018 Vu Khanh July 18 2018 Vietnam orders vessels back to port braces for Son Tinh tropical Reuters Retrieved July 22 2018 a b At least 10 dead in Vietnam floods triggered by Typhoon Son Tinh The New Indian Express PTI July 21 2018 Retrieved July 22 2018 Tom tắt cac cơn bao trong năm 2018 in Vietnamese Government of Tuyen Quang province January 5 2019 Retrieved January 20 2019 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tropical Storm Son Tinh 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tropical Storm Son Tinh amp oldid 1123741791, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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