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Trio sonata

January 26, 2023

The trio sonata is a genre, typically consisting of several movements,[1] with two melody instruments and basso continuo. Originating in the early 17th century, the trio sonata was a favorite chamber ensemble combination in the Baroque era.[2]

Basic structure

The trio sonata typically consisted of three parts, two violins and (basso) continuo.[3] However, the two violins could be substituted with pairs of flutes, recorders, oboes, or violin and viola da gamba.[4] The third part, the continuo, has two components.[4] First, it includes the bass line, which commonly was played by a bass viol, violone, violoncello, or bassoon.[4] Second, it includes a harmony-producing instrument, such as a small organ, a harpsichord, or a theorbo.[4] The continuo could be performed by two or more performers; a cellist to play the bass line and a harpsichordist or organist to focus on the harmonies.[1] Because there normally are two people playing the continuo part, there are usually four players in all.[1] This accounts for the title of Henry Purcell's second collection, Ten Sonatas in Four Parts (1697); his first publication Sonnata's of III Parts (1683) likewise included separate parts for cello and keyboard.[5] From about the middle of the 17th century two distinct types of sonatas appeared: sonata da camera (chamber sonata) and sonata da chiesa (church sonata).[1]

Composers, compositions and variant formats

The genre originated as instrumental adaptation of the three-part texture common in Italian vocal music in the late 16th century. The earliest published trio sonatas appeared in Venice (Salamone Rossi Il primo libro delle sinfonie e gagliarde, 1607) and in Milan (Giovanni Paolo Cima, Sonata a tre for violin, cornett and continuo in the collection Concerti ecclesiastici, 1610).[1]

Arcangelo Corelli

Italian composer Arcangelo Corelli was one of most influential composers of the trio sonata. The published trio sonatas by Corelli are:[6]

An additional collection of Trio Sonatas, for two violins, cello, and organ, was published as "Op. post." in Amsterdam, in 1714.[7] Corelli's trios would serve as models for other composers well into the 18th century.[8]

Johann Sebastian Bach

German composer Johann Sebastian Bach is another notable composer of the trio sonata, but he was known for shying away from the traditional structure of the sonata. He typically played the three parts with fewer than three instruments. One part could be played by a violin and the other two parts could be played by a keyboard, or all three parts could be played on the organ.[9]

Trio sonatas by Bach include:

Other composers

  • Tomaso Albinoni, 12 sonatas da chiesa Op. 1, twelve balletti a tre Op. 3, six sonatas da camera as part of Op. 8, six unpublished trio sonatas Op. 11, and a further six trio sonatas without opus number in a manuscript in Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Musiksammlung.[15]
  • Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach wrote at least 44 trio sonatas, including one for flute, viola, and piano, said to have been given its world premiere by the Society for Forgotten Music at the New York Public Library on 30 January 1949.[16] His best-known work in the genre is the programmatic Trio ("Sanguineus und Melancholicus"), in C minor, composed in 1749 and published in Nuremberg in 1751, which exists in two versions: one for obbligato keyboard and violin, the other for two violins and continuo.[17] Trio Sonatas BWV 1036 [scores] and BWV 1038 [scores].
  • William Boyce, 12 Trio Sonatas for two violins and continuo (1747).[18]
  • Dieterich Buxtehude, Op. 1, six sonatas, and Op. 2, seven sonatas, scored for violin, viola da gamba and basso continuo. These were the only works by Buxtehude that were published during his lifetime. Though real trio texture does occur from time to time, these are really sonate a due for violin and viola da gamba, with the continuo often being a simplification of the gamba part. There are however four genuine trio sonatas by Buxtehude surviving in manuscript, two for two violins, viola da gamba and continuo in C and G major (BuxWV 266 and 271), one for two violins and continuo in F major (BuxWV 270, fragmentary), and one for viola da gamba, viola, and continuo in D major (BuxWV 267).[19]
  • François Couperin published a number of trio sonatas: Le Parnasse, ou L’apothéose de Corelli, grande sonade en trio, for two violins and continuo (Paris, 1724); Concert instrumental sous le titre d’Apothéose composé à la mémoire immortelle de l’incomparable Monsieur de Lully, for two violins (two flutes, or other unspecified instruments), and continuo (Paris, 1725); and the collection Les nations: sonades et suites de simphonies en trio, for two violins and continuo (Paris, 1726), consisting of La Françoise [La pucelle], L’Espagnole [La visionnaire], L’impériale, and La Piemontoise [L’astrée]. In addition, two trio sonatas have survived in manuscript: La Steinquerque and La superbe, both for two violins and continuo.[20]
  • Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, a student of J. S. Bach, composed at least six trio sonatas.[21] Four of these are for 2 violins and continuo, one of which used to be attributed to J. S. Bach, as BWV 1037 [scores].[22] Two trio sonatas for flute, violin, and continuo are listed in a Breitkopf catalogue, but have gone missing.[23][24]
  • George Frideric Handel, trio sonatas Opp. 2 and 5, all in sonata da chiesa form. The attribution to Handel of the six trios HWV 380-385 for two oboes and continuo is doubtful, and the authenticity of the three trios HWV 393-395 is uncertain.[25]
  • Jacques-Martin Hotteterre, Sonates en trio pour les flûtes traversières et a bec, violon, hautbois, Op. 3 (1712).[26]
  • Pietro Antonio Locatelli, six Trio Sonatas, Op. 5, for two violins or two traversos and continuo (1736).[27]
  • Johann Pachelbel, Musikalische Ergötzung ("Musical Delight"), containing six suites for two violins and basso continuo, each commencing with a sonata, followed by a succession of dances. The violin parts use scordatura tuning. The sonatas are of two types. Nos. 1 and 3 are marked Allegro, and are fughettas. The remaining four are Adagio movements and are similar to French overtures, in two sections.[28]
  • Henry Purcell, Sonnata's of III Parts, 1683, ten sonatas in four parts, 1697, but both sets are scored for two violins, bass viol, and organ or harpsichord. In terms of style, Purcell's trio sonatas are conservative, modeled on the older generation of Italians (Giovanni Legrenzi, Lelio Colista, and Giovanni Battista Vitali) rather than Corelli or Giovanni Battista Bassani.[29]
  • Gottfried Heinrich Stölzel, over 25 extant trio sonatas, including two for solo organ. Others for continuo (sometimes indicated as harpsichord) and diverse combinations of flute(s), violin(s), oboes or unspecified instruments.[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]
  • Georg Philipp Telemann, around 100 trio sonatas in TWV 42.[39] The earliest sonatas exhibit the Corelli style most clearly, while later works anticipate the mid-century Empfindsamkeit and galant styles, or mix Italian, French, and Polish styles.[40]
 
TWV 42 F7 #I
(freepats sound from a Libre art score)
Problems playing this file? See media help.
  • Antonio Vivaldi, 12 trio sonatas da camera Op. 1, two trio sonatas mixed with solo sonatas in Op. 5, and thirteen unpublished trios. One further trio sonata, RV 80, in G major, for two flutes and continuo, is attributed to Vivaldi but is probably spurious.[41]
  • Jan Dismas Zelenka, six sonatas [scores], ZWV 181, composed around 1721–1722.[42]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Bonta and Zohn 2003.
  2. ^ Mangsen 2001.
  3. ^ Van Boer 2012, 466.
  4. ^ a b c d Vetter n.d.
  5. ^ 1697, 1683: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
  6. ^ Deas 1953, 6.
  7. ^ Talbot 2001b.
  8. ^ Mattheson 1739, 345: §8.
  9. ^ Britannica 2007.
  10. ^ Breig 1997.
  11. ^ Dürr and Kobayashi 1998, 420–421 and 466.
  12. ^ Bach (et al.?) 1740–1760.
  13. ^ Dürr and Kobayashi 1998, 466.
  14. ^ Hofmann 2006.
  15. ^ Talbot 2001a.
  16. ^ Anon. 1949.
  17. ^ Wolff and Leisinger 2001.
  18. ^ Boyce 1747.
  19. ^ Snyder 2001.
  20. ^ Higginbottom 2001.
  21. ^ Dürr 1954, pp. 56–57.
  22. ^ Dürr 1954.
  23. ^ Dürr 1954, p. 56.
  24. ^ Rubin 2001.
  25. ^ Hicks 2001.
  26. ^ Giannini 2001.
  27. ^ Locatelli 1736.
  28. ^ Nolte, Butt, and Butler 2001.
  29. ^ Holman, Thompson, and Humphreys 2001.
  30. ^ Stölzel c. 1750.
  31. ^ Stölzel c. 1720–1750.
  32. ^ Stölzel c. 1740.
  33. ^ Stölzel c. 1760a.
  34. ^ Stölzel c. 1760b.
  35. ^ Stölzel c. 1770.
  36. ^ Stölzel n.d.
  37. ^ Stölzel c. 1700–1799a.
  38. ^ Stölzel c. 1700–1799b.
  39. ^ IMSLP n.d.
  40. ^ Zohn 2001.
  41. ^ Talbot 2001c.
  42. ^ Zelenka [1721–22].

Sources

  • Anon. 1949. "Bach Trio Sonata Heard". The New York Times (31 January): 15.
  • Bach, Johann Sebastian (et al.?). 1740–1760. Sonaten. Arr.; vl, vlc, b; C-Dur ("Concerto"; nach BWV 525 und 1032), Mus. ms. Bach St 345 (olim: Mus. ms. Bach P 914), Bach Digital, Berlin State Library. RISM 467234500.
  • Bonta, Stephen, and Steven Zohn. 2003. "Trio Sonata". The Harvard Dictionary of Music, fourth edition, edited by Don Michael Randal. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-01163-5.
  • Boyce, William. 1747. Twelve Sonatas for Two Violins; With a Bass for the Violoncello or Harpsicord [scores]. London: John Walsh.
  • Breig, Werner. 1997. "Ensemble Sonatas", pp. 128–131 in The Cambridge Companion to Bach edited by John Butt. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521587808.
  • Deas, Stewart. 1953. "Arcangelo Corelli". Music & Letters 34, no. 1 (January): 1–10.
  • Dürr, Alfred (1954). "Johann Gottlieb Goldberg und die Triosonate BWV 1037" [Johann Gottlieb Goldberg and the trio sonata BWV 1037]. In Dürr, Alfred; Neumann, Werner (eds.). Bach-Jahrbuch 1953 [Bach Yearbook 1953]. Bach-Jahrbuch (in German). Vol. 40. Neue Bachgesellschaft. Berlin: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt. pp. 51–80. doi:10.13141/bjb.v1953.
  • Dürr, Alfred, and Yoshitake Kobayashi (ed.). Bach Werke Verzeichnis: Kleine Ausgabe – Nach der von Wolfgang Schmieder vorgelegten 2. Ausgabe (Bach Works Catalogue: Small Edition – After Wolfgang Schmieder's 2nd edition), with a preface in English and German, Kirsten Beißwenger, collaborator. BWV2a. Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel. ISBN 9783765102493.
  • Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. "Trio Sonata". Encyclopædia Britannica (March 29). Britannica.com. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  • Giannini, Tula. "Hotteterre family [Haulteterre, Hauterre, Hauteterre, Hoteterre, Hoterre, Obterre, etc.]: (4) Jacques(-Martin) Hotteterre (ii) ['le Romain']". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Hicks, Anthony. 2001. "Handel [Händel, Hendel], George Frideric [Georg Friederich]". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Higginbottom, Edward. 2001. "Couperin [le grand], François(ii)". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Hofmann, Klaus. 2006. New Bach Edition, Series VI: Chamber Music, Vol. 5: Various Chamber Music Works, Critical Commentary, p. 98, cited in Bach Digital Work 01718 at Bach Digital website
  • Holman, Peter, Robert Thompson, and Mark Humphreys. 2001. "Purcell, § 3: Henry Purcell (ii)". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Works by Georg Philipp Telemann at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
  • Locatelli, Pietro Antonio. 1736. Sei Sonate à Trè, o Due Violini, o Due Flauti Traversi, è Basso per il Cembalo [scores]. Amsterdam: (published by the composer).
  • Mangsen, Sandra. 2001. "Trio Sonata". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Mattheson, Johann. 1739. Der Vollkommene Capellmeister. Hamburg: Christian Herold.
  • Nolte, Ewald V., John Butt, and H. Joseph Butler. 2001. "Pachelbel: (1) Johann Pachelbel [Bachelbel]". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Rubin, Norman. 2001. "Goldberg [Gollberg, Goltberg, etc.], Johann Gottlieb [Théophile]". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Snyder, Kerala J. 2001. "Buxtehude, Dieterich". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1700–1799a. Sonata 1 (−2) à 3. / Due Flauti traversi. / Con il / Fondamento, Ms. Instr. mus. i hs. 59:11–12 at Uppsala University Library (Carolina Rediviva). RISM 190025778.
  • Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1700–1799b. Sonata 3 (−4) à 3. / Flauto traverso / Violino / con il / Fondamento. Ms. Instr. mus. i hs. 59:13–14 at Uppsala University Library (Carolina Rediviva). RISM 190025781.
  • Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1720–1750. Sonata / a / Oboe / Violino / con / Cembalo, Ms. Mus.2450-Q-6 (olim: Mus.c.Cx 842, Schrank II/23/7, Rötel 7) at Saxon State and University Library Dresden (Königliche Privat-Musikaliensammlung, Sonatas). RISM 212002969.
  • Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1740. Zwei Trio-Sonaten, Ms. Am.B 411c at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). RISM 452505437.
  • Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1750. Sechs, (corrected in pencil): Elf Trio-Sonaten/ in / Partitur / für die Orgel, Ms. Am.B 411a at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). RISM 452505424.
  • Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1760a. Nro. 50. 51. und 52. / III. / Trio. / Violino. & Fl. Traverso. 1. / Violino. & Fl. Traverso 2. / et / Cembalo. Ms. Am.B 411d at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). RISM 452505440.
  • Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. c.1760b. Two Sonatas for violin, flute, and continuo, Ms. Am.B 500 at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). RISM 452506216.
  • Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. ca.1770. Trio / dal / Sigre / Stoel / zel. Ms. Am.B 469 at Berlin State Library (Amalien-Bibliothek). RISM 452505898.
  • Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich. n.d. Sonata a tre for two violins and continuo, Ms. XXXIV B 342 at Národní muzeum, Prague (České muzeum hudby, hudebně-historické oddělení). RISM 550041276.
  • Talbot, Michael. 2001a. "Albinoni, Tomaso Giovanni [Zuane]". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Talbot, Michael. 2001b. "Corelli, Arcangelo". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Talbot, Michael. 2001c. "Vivaldi, Antonio (Lucio)". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Van Boer, Bertil H. 2012. Historical Dictionary of Music of the Classical Period. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press ISBN 978-0-8108-7183-0.
  • Vetter, Roger. n.d. "Baroque Trio Sonata". Retrieved on 7 May 2020.
  • Wolff, Christoph, and Ulrich Leisinger. 2001. "Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Zelenka, Jan Dismas (autograph). [1721–22]. 6 Sonatas, Ms. Mus.2358-Q-1 at Saxon State and University Library Dresden (Königliche Privat-Musikaliensammlung). RISM 211010356.
  • Zohn, Steven. 2001. "Telemann, Georg Philipp, § 8: Instrumental Music". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.

Further reading

  • Allsop, Peter. 1992. The Italian "Trio" Sonata: From Its Origins until Corelli. Oxford Monographs on Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816229-4.
  • Apel, Willi. 1990. Italian Violin Music of the Seventeenth Century, edited by Thomas Binkley. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-30683-3.
  • Defant, Christine. 1985. Kammermusik und Stylus phantasticus: Studien zu Dietrich Buxtehudes Triosonaten. Europäische Hochschulschriften / European University Studies / Études Universitaires Européennes. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. ISBN 9783820485141.
  • Dürr, Alfred (ed.). 1987. Eight Short Preludes and Fugues BWV 553–560: Formerly Ascribed to Johann Sebastian Bach. Kassel: Bärenreiter. BA 6497. ISMN 9790006480098.
  • Hogwood, Christopher. 1979. The Trio Sonata. BBC Music Guides. London: British Broadcasting Corporation. ISBN 0-563-17095-6.
  • Kamien, Roger. 2008. Music an Appreciation, sixth brief edition. Boston: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0073326375 (annotated instructor's edition); ISBN 9780073265452 (student edition)
  • Mangsen, Sandra. 2001. "Trio Sonata". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
  • Schenk, Erich. 2005. Die Triosonate. Das Musikwerk, eine Beispielsammlung zur Musikgeschichte, Neuausgabe 20. Laaber: Laaber Verlag. ISBN 3-89007-623-8.

January 26, 2023
trio, sonata, trio, sonata, genre, typically, consisting, several, movements, with, melody, instruments, basso, continuo, originating, early, 17th, century, trio, sonata, favorite, chamber, ensemble, combination, baroque, contents, basic, structure, composers,. The trio sonata is a genre typically consisting of several movements 1 with two melody instruments and basso continuo Originating in the early 17th century the trio sonata was a favorite chamber ensemble combination in the Baroque era 2 Contents 1 Basic structure 2 Composers compositions and variant formats 2 1 Arcangelo Corelli 2 2 Johann Sebastian Bach 2 3 Other composers 3 References 4 Sources 5 Further readingBasic structure EditThe trio sonata typically consisted of three parts two violins and basso continuo 3 However the two violins could be substituted with pairs of flutes recorders oboes or violin and viola da gamba 4 The third part the continuo has two components 4 First it includes the bass line which commonly was played by a bass viol violone violoncello or bassoon 4 Second it includes a harmony producing instrument such as a small organ a harpsichord or a theorbo 4 The continuo could be performed by two or more performers a cellist to play the bass line and a harpsichordist or organist to focus on the harmonies 1 Because there normally are two people playing the continuo part there are usually four players in all 1 This accounts for the title of Henry Purcell s second collection Ten Sonatas in Four Parts 1697 his first publication Sonnata s of III Parts 1683 likewise included separate parts for cello and keyboard 5 From about the middle of the 17th century two distinct types of sonatas appeared sonata da camera chamber sonata and sonata da chiesa church sonata 1 Composers compositions and variant formats EditThe genre originated as instrumental adaptation of the three part texture common in Italian vocal music in the late 16th century The earliest published trio sonatas appeared in Venice Salamone Rossi Il primo libro delle sinfonie e gagliarde 1607 and in Milan Giovanni Paolo Cima Sonata a tre for violin cornett and continuo in the collection Concerti ecclesiastici 1610 1 Arcangelo Corelli Edit Italian composer Arcangelo Corelli was one of most influential composers of the trio sonata The published trio sonatas by Corelli are 6 Twelve Trio Sonatas Op 1 dedicated to Queen Christina of Sweden published in Rome in 1683 Twelve Chamber Sonatas Op 2 dedicated to Cardinal Panfili published in Rome in 1685 Twelve Trio Sonatas Op 3 dedicated to Francesco II d Este Duke of Modena published in Rome in 1689 Twelve Trio Sonatas Op 4 dedicated to Cardinal Ottoboni published in Rome in 1694 An additional collection of Trio Sonatas for two violins cello and organ was published as Op post in Amsterdam in 1714 7 Corelli s trios would serve as models for other composers well into the 18th century 8 Johann Sebastian Bach Edit German composer Johann Sebastian Bach is another notable composer of the trio sonata but he was known for shying away from the traditional structure of the sonata He typically played the three parts with fewer than three instruments One part could be played by a violin and the other two parts could be played by a keyboard or all three parts could be played on the organ 9 Trio sonatas by Bach include Trio Sonatas for organ BWV 525 530 combining all three parts on one instrument typically the right hand left hand and pedals will each take a different part thus creating the same texture as in a trio citation needed A further innovation by Bach was the trio sonatas involving a concertante obbligato right hand harpsichord part in addition to the bass line plus one melodic instrument thus for two players 10 Examples are the Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord BWV 1014 1019 three sonatas for viola da gamba and harpsichord BWV 1027 1029 and two sonatas for flute and harpsichord BWV 1030 and 1032 BWV 1020 BWV 1031 and BWV 1033 are doubtful 11 Trio Sonatas BWV 1036 1040 BWV 1039 is a variant version of BWV 1027 The attribution of BWV 1036 1038 to Bach is doubtful but all are typical of baroque chamber music citation needed The mid 18th century manuscript D B Mus ms Bach St 345 contains a Concerto or Trio Sonata in C major for violin cello and continuo arranged from or earlier version of BWV 525 1 1032 2 and 525 3 respectively 12 The 1998 edition of the Bach Werke Verzeichnis lists this version as BWV 525a and considers the attribution of the arrangement to Bach doubtful 13 Based on the New Bach Edition the Bach Digital website gives BWV deest instead of the BWV number 525a for this chamber music version 14 Other composers Edit Tomaso Albinoni 12 sonatas da chiesa Op 1 twelve balletti a tre Op 3 six sonatas da camera as part of Op 8 six unpublished trio sonatas Op 11 and a further six trio sonatas without opus number in a manuscript in Vienna Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek Musiksammlung 15 Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach wrote at least 44 trio sonatas including one for flute viola and piano said to have been given its world premiere by the Society for Forgotten Music at the New York Public Library on 30 January 1949 16 His best known work in the genre is the programmatic Trio Sanguineus und Melancholicus in C minor composed in 1749 and published in Nuremberg in 1751 which exists in two versions one for obbligato keyboard and violin the other for two violins and continuo 17 Trio Sonatas BWV 1036 scores and BWV 1038 scores William Boyce 12 Trio Sonatas for two violins and continuo 1747 18 Dieterich Buxtehude Op 1 six sonatas and Op 2 seven sonatas scored for violin viola da gamba and basso continuo These were the only works by Buxtehude that were published during his lifetime Though real trio texture does occur from time to time these are really sonate a due for violin and viola da gamba with the continuo often being a simplification of the gamba part There are however four genuine trio sonatas by Buxtehude surviving in manuscript two for two violins viola da gamba and continuo in C and G major BuxWV 266 and 271 one for two violins and continuo in F major BuxWV 270 fragmentary and one for viola da gamba viola and continuo in D major BuxWV 267 19 Francois Couperin published a number of trio sonatas Le Parnasse ou L apotheose de Corelli grande sonade en trio for two violins and continuo Paris 1724 Concert instrumental sous le titre d Apotheose compose a la memoire immortelle de l incomparable Monsieur de Lully for two violins two flutes or other unspecified instruments and continuo Paris 1725 and the collection Les nations sonades et suites de simphonies en trio for two violins and continuo Paris 1726 consisting of La Francoise La pucelle L Espagnole La visionnaire L imperiale and La Piemontoise L astree In addition two trio sonatas have survived in manuscript La Steinquerque and La superbe both for two violins and continuo 20 Johann Gottlieb Goldberg a student of J S Bach composed at least six trio sonatas 21 Four of these are for 2 violins and continuo one of which used to be attributed to J S Bach as BWV 1037 scores 22 Two trio sonatas for flute violin and continuo are listed in a Breitkopf catalogue but have gone missing 23 24 George Frideric Handel trio sonatas Opp 2 and 5 all in sonata da chiesa form The attribution to Handel of the six trios HWV 380 385 for two oboes and continuo is doubtful and the authenticity of the three trios HWV 393 395 is uncertain 25 Jacques Martin Hotteterre Sonates en trio pour les flutes traversieres et a bec violon hautbois Op 3 1712 26 Pietro Antonio Locatelli six Trio Sonatas Op 5 for two violins or two traversos and continuo 1736 27 Johann Pachelbel Musikalische Ergotzung Musical Delight containing six suites for two violins and basso continuo each commencing with a sonata followed by a succession of dances The violin parts use scordatura tuning The sonatas are of two types Nos 1 and 3 are marked Allegro and are fughettas The remaining four are Adagio movements and are similar to French overtures in two sections 28 Henry Purcell Sonnata s of III Parts 1683 ten sonatas in four parts 1697 but both sets are scored for two violins bass viol and organ or harpsichord In terms of style Purcell s trio sonatas are conservative modeled on the older generation of Italians Giovanni Legrenzi Lelio Colista and Giovanni Battista Vitali rather than Corelli or Giovanni Battista Bassani 29 Gottfried Heinrich Stolzel over 25 extant trio sonatas including two for solo organ Others for continuo sometimes indicated as harpsichord and diverse combinations of flute s violin s oboes or unspecified instruments 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Georg Philipp Telemann around 100 trio sonatas in TWV 42 39 The earliest sonatas exhibit the Corelli style most clearly while later works anticipate the mid century Empfindsamkeit and galant styles or mix Italian French and Polish styles 40 TWV 42 F7 I source source freepats sound from a Libre art score Problems playing this file See media help Antonio Vivaldi 12 trio sonatas da camera Op 1 two trio sonatas mixed with solo sonatas in Op 5 and thirteen unpublished trios One further trio sonata RV 80 in G major for two flutes and continuo is attributed to Vivaldi but is probably spurious 41 Jan Dismas Zelenka six sonatas scores ZWV 181 composed around 1721 1722 42 References Edit a b c d e Bonta and Zohn 2003 Mangsen 2001 Van Boer 2012 466 a b c d Vetter n d 1697 1683 Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Deas 1953 6 Talbot 2001b Mattheson 1739 345 8 Britannica 2007 Breig 1997 Durr and Kobayashi 1998 420 421 and 466 Bach et al 1740 1760 Durr and Kobayashi 1998 466 Hofmann 2006 Talbot 2001a Anon 1949 Wolff and Leisinger 2001 Boyce 1747 Snyder 2001 Higginbottom 2001 Durr 1954 pp 56 57 Durr 1954 Durr 1954 p 56 Rubin 2001 Hicks 2001 Giannini 2001 Locatelli 1736 Nolte Butt and Butler 2001 Holman Thompson and Humphreys 2001 Stolzel c 1750 Stolzel c 1720 1750 Stolzel c 1740 Stolzel c 1760a Stolzel c 1760b Stolzel c 1770 Stolzel n d Stolzel c 1700 1799a Stolzel c 1700 1799b IMSLP n d Zohn 2001 Talbot 2001c Zelenka 1721 22 Sources EditAnon 1949 Bach Trio Sonata Heard The New York Times 31 January 15 Bach Johann Sebastian et al 1740 1760 Sonaten Arr vl vlc b C Dur Concerto nach BWV 525 und 1032 Mus ms Bach St 345 olim Mus ms Bach P 914 Bach Digital Berlin State Library RISM 467234500 Bonta Stephen and Steven Zohn 2003 Trio Sonata The Harvard Dictionary of Music fourth edition edited by Don Michael Randal Cambridge MA Harvard University Press ISBN 0 674 01163 5 Boyce William 1747 Twelve Sonatas for Two Violins With a Bass for the Violoncello or Harpsicord scores London John Walsh Breig Werner 1997 Ensemble Sonatas pp 128 131 in The Cambridge Companion to Bach edited by John Butt Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521587808 Deas Stewart 1953 Arcangelo Corelli Music amp Letters 34 no 1 January 1 10 Durr Alfred 1954 Johann Gottlieb Goldberg und die Triosonate BWV 1037 Johann Gottlieb Goldberg and the trio sonata BWV 1037 In Durr Alfred Neumann Werner eds Bach Jahrbuch 1953 Bach Yearbook 1953 Bach Jahrbuch in German Vol 40 Neue Bachgesellschaft Berlin Evangelische Verlagsanstalt pp 51 80 doi 10 13141 bjb v1953 Durr Alfred and Yoshitake Kobayashi ed Bach Werke Verzeichnis Kleine Ausgabe Nach der von Wolfgang Schmieder vorgelegten 2 Ausgabe Bach Works Catalogue Small Edition After Wolfgang Schmieder s 2nd edition with a preface in English and German Kirsten Beisswenger collaborator BWV2a Wiesbaden Breitkopf amp Hartel ISBN 9783765102493 Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica 2007 Trio Sonata Encyclopaedia Britannica March 29 Britannica com Retrieved July 21 2017 Giannini Tula Hotteterre family Haulteterre Hauterre Hauteterre Hoteterre Hoterre Obterre etc 4 Jacques Martin Hotteterre ii le Romain The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Hicks Anthony 2001 Handel Handel Hendel George Frideric Georg Friederich The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Higginbottom Edward 2001 Couperin le grand Francois ii The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Hofmann Klaus 2006 New Bach Edition Series VI Chamber Music Vol 5 Various Chamber Music Works Critical Commentary p 98 cited in Bach Digital Work 01718 at Bach Digital website Holman Peter Robert Thompson and Mark Humphreys 2001 Purcell 3 Henry Purcell ii The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Works by Georg Philipp Telemann at the International Music Score Library Project IMSLP Locatelli Pietro Antonio 1736 Sei Sonate a Tre o Due Violini o Due Flauti Traversi e Basso per il Cembalo scores Amsterdam published by the composer Mangsen Sandra 2001 Trio Sonata The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Mattheson Johann 1739 Der Vollkommene Capellmeister Hamburg Christian Herold Nolte Ewald V John Butt and H Joseph Butler 2001 Pachelbel 1 Johann Pachelbel Bachelbel The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Rubin Norman 2001 Goldberg Gollberg Goltberg etc Johann Gottlieb Theophile The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Snyder Kerala J 2001 Buxtehude Dieterich The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Stolzel Gottfried Heinrich c 1700 1799a Sonata 1 2 a 3 Due Flauti traversi Con il Fondamento Ms Instr mus i hs 59 11 12 at Uppsala University Library Carolina Rediviva RISM 190025778 Stolzel Gottfried Heinrich c 1700 1799b Sonata 3 4 a 3 Flauto traverso Violino con il Fondamento Ms Instr mus i hs 59 13 14 at Uppsala University Library Carolina Rediviva RISM 190025781 Stolzel Gottfried Heinrich c 1720 1750 Sonata a Oboe Violino con Cembalo Ms Mus 2450 Q 6 olim Mus c Cx 842 Schrank II 23 7 Rotel 7 at Saxon State and University Library Dresden Konigliche Privat Musikaliensammlung Sonatas RISM 212002969 Stolzel Gottfried Heinrich c 1740 Zwei Trio Sonaten Ms Am B 411c at Berlin State Library Amalien Bibliothek RISM 452505437 Stolzel Gottfried Heinrich c 1750 Sechs corrected in pencil Elf Trio Sonaten in Partitur fur die Orgel Ms Am B 411a at Berlin State Library Amalien Bibliothek RISM 452505424 Stolzel Gottfried Heinrich c 1760a Nro 50 51 und 52 III Trio Violino amp Fl Traverso 1 Violino amp Fl Traverso 2 et Cembalo Ms Am B 411d at Berlin State Library Amalien Bibliothek RISM 452505440 Stolzel Gottfried Heinrich c 1760b Two Sonatas for violin flute and continuo Ms Am B 500 at Berlin State Library Amalien Bibliothek RISM 452506216 Stolzel Gottfried Heinrich ca 1770 Trio dal Sigre Stoel zel Ms Am B 469 at Berlin State Library Amalien Bibliothek RISM 452505898 Stolzel Gottfried Heinrich n d Sonata a tre for two violins and continuo Ms XXXIV B 342 at Narodni muzeum Prague Ceske muzeum hudby hudebne historicke oddeleni RISM 550041276 Talbot Michael 2001a Albinoni Tomaso Giovanni Zuane The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Talbot Michael 2001b Corelli Arcangelo The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Talbot Michael 2001c Vivaldi Antonio Lucio The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Van Boer Bertil H 2012 Historical Dictionary of Music of the Classical Period Lanham Maryland Scarecrow Press ISBN 978 0 8108 7183 0 Vetter Roger n d Baroque Trio Sonata Retrieved on 7 May 2020 Wolff Christoph and Ulrich Leisinger 2001 Bach Carl Philipp Emanuel The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Zelenka Jan Dismas autograph 1721 22 6 Sonatas Ms Mus 2358 Q 1 at Saxon State and University Library Dresden Konigliche Privat Musikaliensammlung RISM 211010356 Zohn Steven 2001 Telemann Georg Philipp 8 Instrumental Music The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Further reading EditAllsop Peter 1992 The Italian Trio Sonata From Its Origins until Corelli Oxford Monographs on Music Oxford Clarendon Press New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 816229 4 Apel Willi 1990 Italian Violin Music of the Seventeenth Century edited by Thomas Binkley Bloomington Indiana University Press ISBN 0 253 30683 3 Defant Christine 1985 Kammermusik und Stylus phantasticus Studien zu Dietrich Buxtehudes Triosonaten Europaische Hochschulschriften European University Studies Etudes Universitaires Europeennes Frankfurt Peter Lang ISBN 9783820485141 Durr Alfred ed 1987 Eight Short Preludes and Fugues BWV 553 560 Formerly Ascribed to Johann Sebastian Bach Kassel Barenreiter BA 6497 ISMN 9790006480098 Hogwood Christopher 1979 The Trio Sonata BBC Music Guides London British Broadcasting Corporation ISBN 0 563 17095 6 Kamien Roger 2008 Music an Appreciation sixth brief edition Boston McGraw Hill ISBN 978 0073326375 annotated instructor s edition ISBN 9780073265452 student edition Mangsen Sandra 2001 Trio Sonata The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians second edition edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell London Macmillan Publishers Schenk Erich 2005 Die Triosonate Das Musikwerk eine Beispielsammlung zur Musikgeschichte Neuausgabe 20 Laaber Laaber Verlag ISBN 3 89007 623 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Trio sonata amp oldid 1127128319, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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