The Treaty of Washington (1831) was a treaty between the Menominee (an American Indian tribe) and the United States Government. The treaty was initially made and signed on February 8, 1831 in Washington, D.C. In the treaty, the Menominee ceded about 2,500,000 acres (10,000 km2; 3,900 sq mi) of their land in Wisconsin primarily adjacent to Lake Michigan. During the ratification of the treaty in June 1832, the United States Senate modified the treaty to provide additional land for the Stockbridge-Munsee tribe. The Menominee Tribe did not agree to the changes, and the treaty was renegotiated on October 27, 1832 to resolve the differences. These two treaties are commonly referred to singularly as the Treaty of Washington.
The treaty was first brought about by Colonel Samuel C. Stambaugh, the Indian agent at Green Bay. The principal Menonminee Chief was Oshkosh, who did not attend the treaty negotiation due to his belief that without his presence, the treaty would not be binding on the tribe. The head chief that attended the talks for the tribe was Iometah, who was shown signing the treaty as Aya-mah-taw, while the United States was represented by John H. Eaton, the Secretary of War. The negotiations concluded on February 8, 1831, ceding 2,500,000 acres (10,000 km2; 3,900 sq mi) to the United States in return for clothing, provisions and annuities totaling approximately US$92,000. In addition, approximately 500,000 acres (2,000 km2; 780 sq mi) were to be transferred to the Stockbridge-Munsee tribe for which the Menominee were to be paid an additional US$20,000.[1][2][3]
In the winter of 1831, a group of Indians including Oneida chief Daniel Bread travelled to Washington to protest the treaty, which had bypassed the interests of the Oneida people.[4] President Andrew Jackson agreed to adjust the assignment of lands to the Oneida in response.[5]
Ratification and second treatyedit
In June 1832 the treaty was ratified by the United States Senate. The Stockbridge-Munsee tribe was unhappy with the treaty as it was written, and had lobbied the New York senators to amend the treaty. The Senate did so, and George B. Porter, the Governor of the Michigan Territory was directed to gain the consent of the Menominee tribe to the changes. The tribe refused to agree to the changes, and a subsequent treaty was negotiated, being signed on October 27, 1832. After the modifications were negotiated and agreed to by both tribes and the United States, the treaty was again submitted to the Senate and ratified in 1833. Collectively both treaties are referred to as the singular "Treaty of Washington."[1][3][6]
^ abLawson, Publius Virgilius, ed. (1908). History, Winnebago County, Wisconsin: its cities, towns, resources, people. Chicago, IL: C.F. Cooper and Co. pp. 177–181, 357–362.
^Hauptman, Laurence M.; McLester, L. Gordon, eds. (1999). The Oneida Indian journey: from New York to Wisconsin, 1784-1860. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 134. ISBN978-0-299-16144-6.
^Hauptman, Laurence (2008). Seven Generations of Iroquois Leadership: The Six Nations Since 1800. Syracuse University Press. p. 91. ISBN978-0-8156-3165-1.
^Hauptman, Laurence (2008). Seven Generations of Iroquois Leadership: The Six Nations Since 1800. Syracuse University Press. p. 91. ISBN978-0-8156-3165-1.
Ratified Indian Treaty 161: Menominee - Washington, DC, February 8, 1831, National Archives
Printed Copy of the February 8, 1831, Treaty Between the United States and the Menominee Indians, National Archives
Supplementary Articles to the February 8, 1831 Treaty Between the United States and the Menominee Indians Signed at Washington, DC, National Archives
Treaty Between the United States and the Menominee Indians Signed at Washington, DC, with Signed Note Regarding First Article, National Archives
May 03, 2024
treaty, washington, with, menominee, 1831, treaty, washington, 1831, treaty, between, menominee, american, indian, tribe, united, states, government, treaty, initially, made, signed, february, 1831, washington, treaty, menominee, ceded, about, acres, their, la. The Treaty of Washington 1831 was a treaty between the Menominee an American Indian tribe and the United States Government The treaty was initially made and signed on February 8 1831 in Washington D C In the treaty the Menominee ceded about 2 500 000 acres 10 000 km2 3 900 sq mi of their land in Wisconsin primarily adjacent to Lake Michigan During the ratification of the treaty in June 1832 the United States Senate modified the treaty to provide additional land for the Stockbridge Munsee tribe The Menominee Tribe did not agree to the changes and the treaty was renegotiated on October 27 1832 to resolve the differences These two treaties are commonly referred to singularly as the Treaty of Washington Contents 1 Initial treaty 2 Ratification and second treaty 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksInitial treaty editThe treaty was first brought about by Colonel Samuel C Stambaugh the Indian agent at Green Bay The principal Menonminee Chief was Oshkosh who did not attend the treaty negotiation due to his belief that without his presence the treaty would not be binding on the tribe The head chief that attended the talks for the tribe was Iometah who was shown signing the treaty as Aya mah taw while the United States was represented by John H Eaton the Secretary of War The negotiations concluded on February 8 1831 ceding 2 500 000 acres 10 000 km2 3 900 sq mi to the United States in return for clothing provisions and annuities totaling approximately US 92 000 In addition approximately 500 000 acres 2 000 km2 780 sq mi were to be transferred to the Stockbridge Munsee tribe for which the Menominee were to be paid an additional US 20 000 1 2 3 In the winter of 1831 a group of Indians including Oneida chief Daniel Bread travelled to Washington to protest the treaty which had bypassed the interests of the Oneida people 4 President Andrew Jackson agreed to adjust the assignment of lands to the Oneida in response 5 Ratification and second treaty editIn June 1832 the treaty was ratified by the United States Senate The Stockbridge Munsee tribe was unhappy with the treaty as it was written and had lobbied the New York senators to amend the treaty The Senate did so and George B Porter the Governor of the Michigan Territory was directed to gain the consent of the Menominee tribe to the changes The tribe refused to agree to the changes and a subsequent treaty was negotiated being signed on October 27 1832 After the modifications were negotiated and agreed to by both tribes and the United States the treaty was again submitted to the Senate and ratified in 1833 Collectively both treaties are referred to as the singular Treaty of Washington 1 3 6 See also editTreaty of the Cedars 1836 References edit a b Lawson Publius Virgilius ed 1908 History Winnebago County Wisconsin its cities towns resources people Chicago IL C F Cooper and Co pp 177 181 357 362 Hauptman Laurence M McLester L Gordon eds 1999 The Oneida Indian journey from New York to Wisconsin 1784 1860 Madison WI University of Wisconsin Press p 134 ISBN 978 0 299 16144 6 a b Treaty of Washington 1831 7 Stat 342 Hauptman Laurence 2008 Seven Generations of Iroquois Leadership The Six Nations Since 1800 Syracuse University Press p 91 ISBN 978 0 8156 3165 1 Hauptman Laurence 2008 Seven Generations of Iroquois Leadership The Six Nations Since 1800 Syracuse University Press p 91 ISBN 978 0 8156 3165 1 Treaty of Washington 1832 7 Stat 405External links editRatified Indian Treaty 161 Menominee Washington DC February 8 1831 National Archives Printed Copy of the February 8 1831 Treaty Between the United States and the Menominee Indians National Archives Supplementary Articles to the February 8 1831 Treaty Between the United States and the Menominee Indians Signed at Washington DC National Archives Treaty Between the United States and the Menominee Indians Signed at Washington DC with Signed Note Regarding First Article National Archives Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Treaty of Washington with Menominee 1831 amp oldid 1194882066, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
