Commonly known as trap-jaw ants, species in Odontomachus have a pair of large, straight mandibles capable of opening 180°. These jaws are locked in place by an internal mechanism, and can snap shut on prey or objects when sensory hairs on the inside of the mandibles are touched. The mandibles are powerful and fast, giving the ant its common name. The mandibles either kill or maim the prey, allowing the ant to bring it back to the nest. Odontomachus ants can simply lock and snap their jaws again if one bite is not enough, or to cut off bits of larger food. The mandibles also permit slow and fine movements for other tasks such as nest building and care of larvae.[citation needed] The ants were also observed to use their jaws as a catapult to eject intruders or fling themselves backwards to escape a threat.[2][3]
The larvae of trap-jaw ants are remarkable[4] in being ornamented with long spikes and presenting dorsal adhesive pads for fixation onto internal ant nest walls.[5] They are carnivorous, extremely active larvae. Apparently, they undergo three larval moults before entering metamorphosis.[5] Their larvae use substrate to spin cocoons.[6]
Dietedit
Trap-jaw ants are mostly carnivorous, but also consume nectar, insect honeydew, and ripe fruit.[7]
Speed recordedit
Trap-jaw ants of this genus have the second-fastest moving predatoryappendages within the animal kingdom,[2] after the dracula ant (Mystrium camillae).[8] One study of Odontomachus bauri recorded peak speeds between 126 and 230 km/h (78 and 143 mph), with the jaws closing within just 130 microseconds on average. The peak force exerted was in the order of 300 times the body weight of the ant, and acceleration of 1,000,000 m/s² or 100,000 g.
Odontomachus species are found in Central and South America, Asia, Australia, and Africa.[10]
In the United States, O. haematodus was "recorded in Alabama back in 1956, but now researchers have officially confirmed that the species has spread across the Gulf Coast, at least as far east as Pensacola, Florida."[11] In the past, O. ruginodis was thought to be confined to the Orlando region, but Magdalena Sorger, a PhD candidate at North Carolina State University, has confirmed a record of O. ruginodis more than 100 miles north of Orlando, in Gainesville, Florida.[12]Odontomachus relictus, however, is only found in "endangered scrub habitat on central Florida’s ancient sand ridges."[13]
^Bolton, B. (2014). "Odontomachus". AntCat. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
^ abPatek SN, Baio JE, Fisher BL, Suarez AV (22 August 2006). "Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (34): 12787–12792. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10312787P. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604290103. PMC1568925. PMID 16924120.
^Ant Jaws Break Speed Record — Videos of Odontomachus jumping using its jaws
^Pappas, Stephanie; May 11, Live Science Contributor |; ET, 2017 07:41am (11 May 2017). "Weird Ants Have Hairy Blobs for Babies". Live Science. Retrieved 2019-06-28. {{cite web}}: |first2= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ abFox, E.G.P.; Smith, A.A.; Gibson, J.C.; Solis, D.R. (2017). "Larvae of trap-jaw ants, Odontomachus Latreille, 1804 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): morphology and biological notes". The Austrian Society of Entomofaunistics. 25. doi:10.25849/myrmecol.news_025:017.
^"How Trap-Jaw Ants Develop From Larvae Stages [Watch]". Science Times. 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2019-06-28.
^Camargo, Rafael X.; Oliveira, Paulo S. (April 2012). "Natural History of the Neotropical Arboreal Ant, Odontomachus hastatus : Nest Sites, Foraging Schedule, and Diet". Journal of Insect Science. 12 (48): 48. doi:10.1673/031.012.4801. ISSN 1536-2442. PMC3476954. PMID 22957686.
^"Dracula ants possess fastest known animal appendage: The snap-jaw". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2018-12-12.
^Wesołowska, W. (2005). (PDF). Genus. 16 (2): 307–311. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-03-15.
^Schmidt, C. A.; Shattuck, S. O. (2014). "The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior". Zootaxa. 3817 (1): 1–242. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1. PMID 24943802.
^"Powerful Trap-jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States". Entomology Today. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014. One species called Odontomachus haematodus was unofficially recorded in Alabama back in 1956. But now researchers have officially confirmed that the species has spread across the Gulf Coast, at least as far east as Pensacola, Florida.
^"Powerful Trap-jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States". Entomology Today. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014. As recently as a few years ago, another species called Odontomachus ruginodis was thought to be confined to the Orlando region, and points south. But now Sorger has confirmed a record of ruginodis more than a hundred miles north of Orlando, in Gainesville, Florida.
^"Powerful Trap-jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States". Entomology Today. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014. Not all of the trap-jaw species are on the move, however. Sorger also studies Odontomachus relictus, a species that is found only in endangered scrub habitat on central Florida's ancient sand ridges.
^An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World by Barry Bolton
^An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World: O. paleomyagra
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Odontomachus.
Mississippi Entomology Museum: Pictures of worker and male O. haematodus
Ant's super-fast bite is a built-in 'ejector seat'
Ferocious ants bite like a bullet - BBC News, 21 August 2006. Elli Leadbeater. Retrieved 22 August 2006
Man-trap jaws make ant fastest predator - Scotsman, 22 August 2006. John Von Radowitz. Retrieved 22 August 2006
May 08, 2024
odontomachus, trap, redirects, here, other, uses, trap, disambiguation, genus, ants, commonly, called, trap, ants, found, tropics, subtropics, throughout, world, monticola, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, kingdom, animalia, phylum, arthropoda, c. Trap jaw ant redirects here For other uses see Trap jaw ant disambiguation Odontomachus is a genus of ants commonly called trap jaw ants found in the tropics and subtropics throughout the world Odontomachus Odontomachus monticola Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Order Hymenoptera Family Formicidae Subfamily Ponerinae Tribe Odontomachini Genus OdontomachusLatreille 1804 Type species Formica haematoda Diversity 1 73 species Synonyms Champsomyrmex Emery 1892 Myrtoteras Matsumura 1912 Pedetes Bernstein 1861 Contents 1 Overview 2 Diet 3 Speed record 4 Mimicry 5 Distribution 6 Species 7 References 8 External linksOverview edit nbsp Head of O hastatus Commonly known as trap jaw ants species in Odontomachus have a pair of large straight mandibles capable of opening 180 These jaws are locked in place by an internal mechanism and can snap shut on prey or objects when sensory hairs on the inside of the mandibles are touched The mandibles are powerful and fast giving the ant its common name The mandibles either kill or maim the prey allowing the ant to bring it back to the nest Odontomachus ants can simply lock and snap their jaws again if one bite is not enough or to cut off bits of larger food The mandibles also permit slow and fine movements for other tasks such as nest building and care of larvae citation needed The ants were also observed to use their jaws as a catapult to eject intruders or fling themselves backwards to escape a threat 2 3 The larvae of trap jaw ants are remarkable 4 in being ornamented with long spikes and presenting dorsal adhesive pads for fixation onto internal ant nest walls 5 They are carnivorous extremely active larvae Apparently they undergo three larval moults before entering metamorphosis 5 Their larvae use substrate to spin cocoons 6 Diet editTrap jaw ants are mostly carnivorous but also consume nectar insect honeydew and ripe fruit 7 Speed record editTrap jaw ants of this genus have the second fastest moving predatory appendages within the animal kingdom 2 after the dracula ant Mystrium camillae 8 One study of Odontomachus bauri recorded peak speeds between 126 and 230 km h 78 and 143 mph with the jaws closing within just 130 microseconds on average The peak force exerted was in the order of 300 times the body weight of the ant and acceleration of 1 000 000 m s or 100 000 g Mimicry editThe jumping spider genus Enoplomischus seems to mimic this ant genus 9 Distribution editOdontomachus species are found in Central and South America Asia Australia and Africa 10 In the United States O haematodus was recorded in Alabama back in 1956 but now researchers have officially confirmed that the species has spread across the Gulf Coast at least as far east as Pensacola Florida 11 In the past O ruginodis was thought to be confined to the Orlando region but Magdalena Sorger a PhD candidate at North Carolina State University has confirmed a record of O ruginodis more than 100 miles north of Orlando in Gainesville Florida 12 Odontomachus relictus however is only found in endangered scrub habitat on central Florida s ancient sand ridges 13 Species edit nbsp O haematodus larva nbsp Odontomachus paleomyagra nbsp Odontomachus pseudobauri The 73 valid species are 14 Odontomachus aciculatus F Smith 1863 Odontomachus affinis Guerin Meneville 1844 Odontomachus alius Sorger amp Zettel 2011 Odontomachus allolabis Kempf 1974 Odontomachus angulatus Mayr 1866 Odontomachus animosus Smith 1860 Odontomachus assiniensis Emery 1892 Odontomachus banksi Forel 1910 Odontomachus bauri Emery 1892 Odontomachus biolleyi Forel 1908 Odontomachus biumbonatus Brown 1976 Odontomachus bradleyi Brown 1976 Odontomachus brunneus Patton 1894 Odontomachus caelatus Brown 1976 Odontomachus cephalotes Smith 1863 Indonesia Australia etc Odontomachus chelifer Latreille 1802 Odontomachus circulus Wang 1993 Odontomachus clarus Roger 1861 Odontomachus coquereli Roger 1861 Odontomachus cornutus Stitz 1933 Odontomachus desertorum Wheeler 1915 Odontomachus erythrocephalus Emery 1890 Odontomachus floresensis Brown 1976 Indonesia Flores Odontomachus fulgidus Wang 1993 Odontomachus granatus Wang 1993 Odontomachus haematodus Linnaeus 1758 South America introduced to Australia prior to 1876 type species Odontomachus hastatus Fabricius 1804 Odontomachus imperator Emery 1887 Odontomachus infandus Smith 1858 Odontomachus insularis Guerin Meneville 1844 Odontomachus kuroiwae Matsumura 1912 Odontomachus laticeps Roger 1861 Odontomachus latidens Mayr 1867 Odontomachus latissimus Viehmeyer 1914 Odontomachus malignus Smith 1859 Odontomachus mayi Mann 1912 Odontomachus meinerti Forel 1905 Odontomachus minangkabau Satria Kurushima Herwina Yamane amp Eguchi 2015 Odontomachus montanus Stitz 1925 Odontomachus monticola Emery 1892 Odontomachus mormo Brown 1976 Odontomachus nigriceps Smith 1860 Odontomachus opaciventris Forel 1899 Odontomachus opaculus Viehmeyer 1912 Odontomachus paleomyagra Wappler Dlussky Engel Prokop amp Knor 2014 15 Odontomachus panamensis Forel 1899 Odontomachus papuanus Emery 1887 Odontomachus pararixosus Terayama amp Ito 2014 Odontomachus peruanus Stitz 1933 Odontomachus philippinus Emery 1893 Odontomachus procerus Emery 1893 Odontomachus pseudobauri De Andrade 1994 Odontomachus relictus Deyrup amp Cover 2004 Odontomachus rixosus Smith 1857 Odontomachus ruficeps Smith 1858 Australia Odontomachus rufithorax Emery 1911 Odontomachus ruginodis Smith 1937 Odontomachus saevissimus Smith 1858 Odontomachus scalptus Brown 1978 Odontomachus schoedli Sorger amp Zettel 2011 Odontomachus scifictus Sorger amp Zettel 2011 Odontomachus silvestrii W M Wheeler 1927 Odontomachus simillimus F Smith 1858 Australia Fiji etc Odontomachus spinifer De Andrade 1994 Odontomachus spissus Kempf 1962 Odontomachus sumbensis Brown 1976 Odontomachus tensus Wang 1993 Odontomachus testaceus Emery 1897 Odontomachus troglodytes Santschi 1914 Africa Madagascar Inner Seychelles Odontomachus turneri Forel 1900 Australia Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith 1859 Odontomachus xizangensis Wang 1993 Odontomachus yucatecus Brown 1976References edit Bolton B 2014 Odontomachus AntCat Retrieved 20 July 2014 a b Patek SN Baio JE Fisher BL Suarez AV 22 August 2006 Multifunctionality and mechanical origins Ballistic jaw propulsion in trap jaw ants Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 34 12787 12792 Bibcode 2006PNAS 10312787P doi 10 1073 pnas 0604290103 PMC 1568925 PMID 16924120 Ant Jaws Break Speed Record Videos of Odontomachus jumping using its jaws Pappas Stephanie May 11 Live Science Contributor ET 2017 07 41am 11 May 2017 Weird Ants Have Hairy Blobs for Babies Live Science Retrieved 2019 06 28 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a first2 has generic name help CS1 maint numeric names authors list link a b Fox E G P Smith A A Gibson J C Solis D R 2017 Larvae of trap jaw ants Odontomachus Latreille 1804 Hymenoptera Formicidae morphology and biological notes The Austrian Society of Entomofaunistics 25 doi 10 25849 myrmecol news 025 017 How Trap Jaw Ants Develop From Larvae Stages Watch Science Times 2017 05 10 Retrieved 2019 06 28 Camargo Rafael X Oliveira Paulo S April 2012 Natural History of the Neotropical Arboreal Ant Odontomachus hastatus Nest Sites Foraging Schedule and Diet Journal of Insect Science 12 48 48 doi 10 1673 031 012 4801 ISSN 1536 2442 PMC 3476954 PMID 22957686 Dracula ants possess fastest known animal appendage The snap jaw ScienceDaily Retrieved 2018 12 12 Wesolowska W 2005 A new species of Enoplomischus from Kenya Araneae Salticidae Leptorchestinae PDF Genus 16 2 307 311 Archived from the original PDF on 2007 03 15 Schmidt C A Shattuck S O 2014 The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae Hymenoptera Formicidae with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior Zootaxa 3817 1 1 242 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 3817 1 1 PMID 24943802 Powerful Trap jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States Entomology Today 20 June 2014 Retrieved 20 June 2014 One species called Odontomachus haematodus was unofficially recorded in Alabama back in 1956 But now researchers have officially confirmed that the species has spread across the Gulf Coast at least as far east as Pensacola Florida Powerful Trap jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States Entomology Today 20 June 2014 Retrieved 20 June 2014 As recently as a few years ago another species called Odontomachus ruginodis was thought to be confined to the Orlando region and points south But now Sorger has confirmed a record of ruginodis more than a hundred miles north of Orlando in Gainesville Florida Powerful Trap jaw Ants are Gaining Ground in the Southeastern United States Entomology Today 20 June 2014 Retrieved 20 June 2014 Not all of the trap jaw species are on the move however Sorger also studies Odontomachus relictus a species that is found only in endangered scrub habitat on central Florida s ancient sand ridges An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World by Barry Bolton An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World O paleomyagraExternal links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Odontomachus Mississippi Entomology Museum Pictures of worker and male O haematodus Ant s super fast bite is a built in ejector seat Ferocious ants bite like a bullet BBC News 21 August 2006 Elli Leadbeater Retrieved 22 August 2006 Man trap jaws make ant fastest predator Scotsman 22 August 2006 John Von Radowitz Retrieved 22 August 2006 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Odontomachus amp oldid 1202051482, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
