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Townships of China

February 05, 2023

Townships (simplified Chinese: 乡; traditional Chinese: 鄉; pinyin: xiāng), formally township-level divisions (Chinese: 乡级行政区; pinyin: Xiāng Jí Xíngzhèngqū), are the basic level (fourth-level administrative units) of political divisions in China. They are similar to municipalities and communes in other countries and in turn may contain village committees and villages. In 1995 there were 29,502 townships and 17,532 towns (a total of 47,034 township-level divisions) in China.[1]

formally
Township-level divisions
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese乡级行政区
Traditional Chinese鄉級行政區
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXiāng Jí Xíngzhèngqū
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese乡
Traditional Chinese鄉
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXiāng
Tibetan name
Tibetanཤང་
Transcriptions
Wylieshang
Tibetan PinyinXang
Zhuang name
ZhuangYangh
Mongolian name
Mongolian scriptᠱᠢᠶᠠᠨ
Transcriptions
SASM/GNCšiyan
Uyghur name
Uyghurيېزىسى‎
Transcriptions
Latin YëziqiYézisi
Manchu name
Manchu scriptᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ
Kazakh name
Kazakhاۋىل
ауыл

Much like other levels of government in mainland China, the township's governance is divided between the Communist Party Township Secretary, and the "county magistrate" (Chinese: 乡长; pinyin: xiāngzhǎng). The township party secretary, along with the township's party committee, determines policy. The magistrate is in charge of administering the daily affairs of government and executing policies as determined by the party committee. A township official is the lowest-level ranked official in the civil service hierarchy; in practice, however, the township party secretary and magistrate can amass high levels of personal power.

A township government is formally responsible for local economic development, planning, maintenance of local roads, family planning, sanitation & health, sports, and "other responsibilities as determined by higher level governments".[2][better source needed]

Types of townships

Urban

Rural

Main article: Towns of China

History

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, there was a lack of uniform regulations for establishing towns, and there were too many towns formed. By the end of 1954, there were 5,400 towns throughout the country, including 920 with a population of less than 2,000, 2,302 with a population of 2,000-5,000, 1,373 with a population of 5,000-10,000, 784 with a population of 10,000-50,000, and 21 with a population over 50,000. In June 1955, the State Council issued the "Decision on the Establishment of Cities and Towns", which clarified the criteria for the establishment of towns. By the end of 1978, there were only 2,173 townships in the country. After the abolition of the people's commune system, the establishment of townships was given importance.

On 29 November 1984, the State Council announced new standards for the establishment of townships.

  • All local state organs at the county level should be set up as townships.
  • Townships with a total population of less than 20,000 and a non-agricultural population of more than 2,000 in the seat of the township government may be established.
  • For communes with a total population of more than 20,000, towns may be established if the non-agricultural population of the commune's governmental seat accounts for more than 10% of the commune's population.
  • Ethnic minority areas, sparsely populated remote areas, mountainous areas and small industrial and mining areas, small ports, scenic tourist areas, border crossings, etc., although the non-agricultural population of less than 2,000, if necessary, can also set up towns.

List of township-level divisions

 
Township map of Guizhou
 
Township map of Yunnan
Provinces
Autonomous areas
Municipalities

Similar to township units

A similar to township unit in the system of administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China is a region with self-jurisdiction which functions at a PRC township-level administrative division. Divisions of this sort can include development zones, science and technology parks, university cities, companies, farms, fishing ground, ranches, orchards, national parks, etc., even prisons.

The township-level administrative division (the lowest level division) includes townships, towns, subdistricts, ethnic townships, and sums.[3] Some county-level administrative districts that govern towns and villages will also be defined as a similar to township unit, as in the case of the Jiaozishan Tourism Development Zone and Industrial Park of Kunming.

References

  1. ^ Yawei, Liu. "China's Township People's Congress Elections: An Introduction" (PDF). un.org. United Nations. (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-01-08.
  2. ^ 乡政府职能和职责. Baidu Wenku.
  3. ^ "统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码编制规则". www.stats.gov.cn. Retrieved 2020-05-03.

External links

  • Citypopulation.de: Population by township in China

February 05, 2023
townships, china, townships, simplified, chinese, traditional, chinese, pinyin, xiāng, formally, township, level, divisions, chinese, 乡级行政区, pinyin, xiāng, xíngzhèngqū, basic, level, fourth, level, administrative, units, political, divisions, china, they, simi. Townships simplified Chinese 乡 traditional Chinese 鄉 pinyin xiang formally township level divisions Chinese 乡级行政区 pinyin Xiang Ji Xingzhengqu are the basic level fourth level administrative units of political divisions in China They are similar to municipalities and communes in other countries and in turn may contain village committees and villages In 1995 there were 29 502 townships and 17 532 towns a total of 47 034 township level divisions in China 1 formallyTownship level divisionsChinese nameSimplified Chinese乡级行政区Traditional Chinese鄉級行政區TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinXiang Ji XingzhengquAlternative Chinese nameSimplified Chinese乡Traditional Chinese鄉TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinXiangTibetan nameTibetanཤང TranscriptionsWylieshangTibetan PinyinXangZhuang nameZhuangYanghMongolian nameMongolian scriptᠱᠢᠶᠠᠨTranscriptionsSASM GNCsiyanUyghur nameUyghurيېزىسى TranscriptionsLatin YeziqiYezisiManchu nameManchu scriptᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨKazakh nameKazakhاۋىل auylMuch like other levels of government in mainland China the township s governance is divided between the Communist Party Township Secretary and the county magistrate Chinese 乡长 pinyin xiangzhǎng The township party secretary along with the township s party committee determines policy The magistrate is in charge of administering the daily affairs of government and executing policies as determined by the party committee A township official is the lowest level ranked official in the civil service hierarchy in practice however the township party secretary and magistrate can amass high levels of personal power A township government is formally responsible for local economic development planning maintenance of local roads family planning sanitation amp health sports and other responsibilities as determined by higher level governments 2 better source needed Contents 1 Types of townships 1 1 Urban 1 2 Rural 2 History 3 List of township level divisions 4 Similar to township units 5 References 6 External linksTypes of townships EditUrban Edit Subdistricts Chinese 街道 pinyin jiedao Towns Chinese 镇 pinyin zhen Rural Edit Main article Towns of China Townships Chinese 乡 pinyin xiang Sums of Inner Mongolia Ethnic townships towns and sumsHistory EditAfter the founding of the People s Republic of China in 1949 there was a lack of uniform regulations for establishing towns and there were too many towns formed By the end of 1954 there were 5 400 towns throughout the country including 920 with a population of less than 2 000 2 302 with a population of 2 000 5 000 1 373 with a population of 5 000 10 000 784 with a population of 10 000 50 000 and 21 with a population over 50 000 In June 1955 the State Council issued the Decision on the Establishment of Cities and Towns which clarified the criteria for the establishment of towns By the end of 1978 there were only 2 173 townships in the country After the abolition of the people s commune system the establishment of townships was given importance On 29 November 1984 the State Council announced new standards for the establishment of townships All local state organs at the county level should be set up as townships Townships with a total population of less than 20 000 and a non agricultural population of more than 2 000 in the seat of the township government may be established For communes with a total population of more than 20 000 towns may be established if the non agricultural population of the commune s governmental seat accounts for more than 10 of the commune s population Ethnic minority areas sparsely populated remote areas mountainous areas and small industrial and mining areas small ports scenic tourist areas border crossings etc although the non agricultural population of less than 2 000 if necessary can also set up towns List of township level divisions Edit Township map of Guizhou Township map of Yunnan ProvincesList of township level divisions of Anhui List of township level divisions of Fujian List of township level divisions of Gansu List of township level divisions of Guangdong List of township level divisions of Guizhou List of township level divisions of Hainan List of township level divisions of Hebei List of township level divisions of Heilongjiang List of township level divisions of Henan List of township level divisions of Hubei List of township level divisions of Hunan List of township level divisions of Jiangsu List of township level divisions of Jiangxi List of township level divisions of Jilin List of township level divisions of Liaoning List of township level divisions of Qinghai List of township level divisions of Shaanxi List of township level divisions of Shandong List of township level divisions of Shanxi List of township level divisions of Sichuan List of township level divisions of Yunnan List of township level divisions of ZhejiangAutonomous areasList of township level divisions of Guangxi List of township level divisions of Inner Mongolia List of township level divisions of Ningxia List of township level divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region List of township level divisions of XinjiangMunicipalitiesList of township level divisions of Beijing List of township level divisions of Chongqing List of township level divisions of Shanghai List of township level divisions of TianjinSimilar to township units EditA similar to township unit in the system of administrative divisions of the People s Republic of China is a region with self jurisdiction which functions at a PRC township level administrative division Divisions of this sort can include development zones science and technology parks university cities companies farms fishing ground ranches orchards national parks etc even prisons The township level administrative division the lowest level division includes townships towns subdistricts ethnic townships and sums 3 Some county level administrative districts that govern towns and villages will also be defined as a similar to township unit as in the case of the Jiaozishan Tourism Development Zone and Industrial Park of Kunming References Edit Yawei Liu China s Township People s Congress Elections An Introduction PDF un org United Nations Archived PDF from the original on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2014 01 08 乡政府职能和职责 Baidu Wenku 统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码编制规则 www stats gov cn Retrieved 2020 05 03 External links EditCitypopulation de Population by township in China Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Townships of China amp oldid 1109665855, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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