Torymidae is a family of wasps in the superfamily Chalcidoidea. Most species in this family are small with attractive metallic coloration, and females generally have long ovipositors. Many are parasitoids on gall-forming insects, and some are phytophagous (plant-eating) species, sometimes using the galls formed by other insects. Over 960 species in about 70 genera are found worldwide. They are best recognized in that they are one of the few groups of Chalcidoidea in which the cerci are visible.
2 to 6 subfamilies about 70 genera about 960 species
Systematicsedit
The family was first described by English entomologist Francis Walker in 1833 and the infrafamiliar classification has been revised several times.[1] A number of subfamilies were created within Torymidae, some of which have since been transferred to other families (Idarninae, Sycophaginae, Epichrysomallinae, and Ormyrinae), leaving the family with up to six subfamilies, although as few as two in other classifications.[1]
A phylogenetic analysis in 2018 found that Torymidae as then circumscribed was not monophyletic. The subfamily Megastigminae recovered outside the clades contain the other subfamilies and elevated to family Megastigmidae in a taxonomic revision. The subfamilies and tribes of Torymidae were also revised.[1]
Torymidae
Chalcimerinae
Toryminae
Boucekinini
Torymoidini
Torymini
Glyphomerinae
Microdontomerinae (=Erimerinae)
Monodontomerinae
Podagrioninae
Propalachiini
Palachiini
Podagrionini
sensu stricto
Referencesedit
^ abcdJanšta, Petr; Cruaud, Astrid; Delvare, Gérard; Genson, Guénaëlle; Heraty, John; Křížková, Barbora; Rasplus, Jean‐Yves (2018). "Torymidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) revised: molecular phylogeny, circumscription and reclassification of the family with discussion of its biogeography and evolution of life‐history traits". Cladistics. 34 (6): 627–651. doi:10.1111/cla.12228. PMID 34706481.
Grissell, E.E., 1995. Toryminae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae): a redefinition, generic classification and annotated world catalogue of species. Memoirs on Entomology, International 2:474pp.
External linksedit
Media related to Torymidae at Wikimedia Commons
Universal Chalcidoidea Database
Bug Guide
Torymidae at Waspweb
Family description and images
OzAnimals - Mantis Parasitic Wasp
Megastigmus transvaalensis, Brazilian peppertree seed chalcid on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
This chalcid wasp-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
torymidae, family, wasps, superfamily, chalcidoidea, most, species, this, family, small, with, attractive, metallic, coloration, females, generally, have, long, ovipositors, many, parasitoids, gall, forming, insects, some, phytophagous, plant, eating, species,. Torymidae is a family of wasps in the superfamily Chalcidoidea Most species in this family are small with attractive metallic coloration and females generally have long ovipositors Many are parasitoids on gall forming insects and some are phytophagous plant eating species sometimes using the galls formed by other insects Over 960 species in about 70 genera are found worldwide They are best recognized in that they are one of the few groups of Chalcidoidea in which the cerci are visible TorymidaeTemporal range Ypresian Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NTorymus nobilis Boheman 1834Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass InsectaOrder HymenopteraSuperfamily ChalcidoideaFamily TorymidaeWalker 1833Subfamilies and tribes 1 Chalcimerinae Toryminae Boucekinini Torymoidini Torymini Glyphomerinae Microdontomerinae Erimerinae Monodontomerinae Podagrioninae Propalachiini Palachiini PodagrioniniDiversity2 to 6 subfamiliesabout 70 genera about 960 species Torymus femaleSystematics editThe family was first described by English entomologist Francis Walker in 1833 and the infrafamiliar classification has been revised several times 1 A number of subfamilies were created within Torymidae some of which have since been transferred to other families Idarninae Sycophaginae Epichrysomallinae and Ormyrinae leaving the family with up to six subfamilies although as few as two in other classifications 1 Megastigminae Monodontomerinae Toryminae Podagrioninae Erimerinae Microdontomerinae ThaumatoryminaeA phylogenetic analysis in 2018 found that Torymidae as then circumscribed was not monophyletic The subfamily Megastigminae recovered outside the clades contain the other subfamilies and elevated to family Megastigmidae in a taxonomic revision The subfamilies and tribes of Torymidae were also revised 1 Torymidae ChalcimerinaeToryminae BoucekininiTorymoidiniToryminiGlyphomerinaeMicrodontomerinae Erimerinae MonodontomerinaePodagrioninae PropalachiiniPalachiiniPodagrioninisensu strictoReferences edit a b c d Jansta Petr Cruaud Astrid Delvare Gerard Genson Guenaelle Heraty John Krizkova Barbora Rasplus Jean Yves 2018 Torymidae Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea revised molecular phylogeny circumscription and reclassification of the family with discussion of its biogeography and evolution of life history traits Cladistics 34 6 627 651 doi 10 1111 cla 12228 PMID 34706481 Grissell E E 1995 Toryminae Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea Torymidae a redefinition generic classification and annotated world catalogue of species Memoirs on Entomology International 2 474pp External links edit nbsp Media related to Torymidae at Wikimedia Commons Universal Chalcidoidea Database Bug Guide Torymidae at Waspweb Family description and images OzAnimals Mantis Parasitic Wasp Megastigmus transvaalensis Brazilian peppertree seed chalcid on the UF IFAS Featured Creatures Web site nbsp This chalcid wasp related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Torymidae amp oldid 1187959478, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,